Sorindeia grandifolia Engl.

Breteler, F. J., 2003, The African genus Sorindeia (Anacardiaceae): A synoptic revision, Adansonia (3) 25 (1), pp. 93-113 : 103-105

5. Sorindeia grandifolia Engl.

Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26, Beibl. 26: 7 (1890); Exell, Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Tomé: 144 (1944); Keay in Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. West Trop. Afr., ed. 2, 1: 738 (1958). — Type: Quintas 67, Sao Tomé, Angolares, fl. Jan. (holo-, COI n.v.; iso-, K). Sorindeia acutifolia Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26, Beibl .

26: 6 (1890). — Type: Moller s.n., Sao Tomé, fl.b .

(holo-, COI n.v.).

Sorindeia schweinfurthii Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 220 (1905); Andrews, Flow. Pl. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 2: 351 (1952). — Type: Schweinfurth 100, Sudan, Dar Fertit, fl. Jan. (holo-, B, delet.). Neotype (designated here): Le Testu 3647, Central African Republic, between Yalinga and Said Bandassi, fl. Jan. (P, iso-, WAG).

Sorindeia warneckei Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 221 (1905); Keay in Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. West Trop. Afr. , ed. 2, 1: 738 (1958); Aubréville, Fl. For. Côte d’Ivoire, ed. 2, 2: 206 (1959). — Type: Warnecke 52, Togo, Lomé, fl., fr. Feb. (holo-, B, delet.; lecto-, K, designated here; isolecto-, BR, L, P, Z).

Sorindeia zenkeri Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36: 20 (1905); Van der Veken, Fl. Congo & Ruanda- Urundi 9: 101 (1960). — Type: Zenker 528, Cameroun, Yaoundé, fl. Dec. (holo-, B, delet.; lecto-, K, designated here).

Sorindeia ledermannii Engl. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 336 (1911). — Type: Ledermann 1809, Cameroun, Djutitsa, fl. Dec. and Ledermann 2075, Cameroun, between Ntem & Ngom, fl. Jan. (syn-, B, delet.). Neotype (designated here): Jacques-Félix 3131, Cameroun, Mbapit Mt. , fl. Feb. (P; iso-, WAG).

Sorindeia protioides Engl. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 336 (1911). — Type : Ledermann 1986, Cameroun, Babessi , fl. Dec., Ledermann 2209, Cameroun, Banjo , fl. Jan., Ledermann 2680, Cameroun, Tchape , fl. Feb., and Ledermann 5477, Cameroun, Ngaoundéré, fl.b. Oct. (syn-, B, delet.). Neotype (designated here): W.J. de Wilde c.s. 3996, Cameroun, 10 km S of Meiganga, fl. Nov. (WAG; iso-, BR, K).

Sorindeia schroederi Engl. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 46: 335 (1911). — Type : Schröder 211, Togo, now in Ghana, near Ho, fl. Feb. (holo-, B, delet.). Neotype (designated here): Jenik & Hall 1109, Togo Hills, Shiare, y.fr. Dec. (K).

Sorindeia longipetiolulata, Engl. & v. Brehmer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 309 (1917). — Type: Ledermann 1356, Cameroun, Bare, fl. Nov. (holo-, B, delet.). Neotype (designated here): Leeuwenberg 9265, Cameroun, Manengouba Mts., fl. Jan. (WAG; iso-, B, BR, C, FHI, HBG, M, MO, P, PRE, UPS, USC, YA).

Sorindeia reticulata Engl. & v. Brehmer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 310 (1917). — Type: Ledermann 1279, Cameroun, Bare, fl. Nov. (holo-, B, delet.). Neotype (designated here): W.J. de Wilde c.s. 2330, Cameroun, Bamena, fr. Apr. (WAG; iso-, BR, K, P, YA).

Shrub or tree to 30 m tall and 45 cm d.b.h., or liana or lianescent shrub. The branches may exude a little white latex. Branches and leaf axis (sub)glabrous to pubescent. Leaves (1-)3-7(-9)- foliolate; folioles opposite or subopposite, papery to coriaceous, ± elliptic, (3-)10-20(-30) × (2-)4- 8(-15) cm, with 8-13(-15) pairs of main lateral nerves, midrib prominent on upper side, the collecting nerve distinct or not, (sub)glabrous to pubescent, rounded to cuneate at base, usually acuminate at apex. Flowers (Oct.-Mar.) in ± narrow panicles up to 60 cm long, axillary or on the older wood or stem below the leaves, glabrous to puberulous, the indumentum not extending beyond the articulation in the pedicel (upper part of pedicel and calyx glabrous). Calyx lobes broadly rounded, thin-edged. Petals imbricate. Stamens 13-17 in the male flowers, female flowers with 5-10 staminodes, pistil glabrous. Fruits (Dec.-May) subellipsoid, (10-)15-25 × 8-15 mm, glabrous, orange (red?) at maturity, ± ribbed when immature, smooth when ripe. — Figs. 1C , 2A , 3D , 7.

HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Rain forest and gallery forest. Alt. up to 1600 m, from Guinea to Southern Sudan, also in Saô Tomé.

SELECTED SPECIMENS. — BENIN: Adjanohoun 341, Ouidah, ster. Sep. (K, P); Aké Assi 12309, Bassila, fl. Dec. (K); Chevalier 23039, Ketou, fl.b. Feb. (P); Chevalier 23455, Ouidah, fr. Apr. (K, P); van Eijnatten 2206, Porto Novo, fl. Nov. (WAG). — CAMEROUN: Asonganyi 163, Nanga Eboko, y.fr. (P); Bates 1708 , Bitye, fl. Jan. (FHO, K, P); Brenan & Onochie 9464, Barombi Lake, fl. Mar. (BM, BR, FHO, K, P); Breteler 1069, Bétaré Oya, fr. Feb. (BR, K, P, WAG); Breteler et al. 2229, Fébé Mt., fl. Dec. (B, BR, P, WAG); Brunt 304, W of Bamessi, fr. Apr. (K); Cable et al. 1118, Kupé Mt., fr. Feb. (WAG); J.J. de Wilde, Nkoumvone, fr. Feb. (MO, WAG); W. de Wilde 1828, 15 km S of Eséka, fr. Feb. (WAG); W. de Wilde 2330, Bamena, fr. Apr. (BR, K, P, WAG); W. de Wilde 3996, 10 km S of Meiganga, fl. Nov. (BR, K, WAG): W. de Wilde 4357, Tison Lake, fl.b. Nov. (WAG); Jacques-Félix 3131, Mbapit Mt., Feb. (P, WAG); Leeuwenberg 7412, between Ebaka and Belabo, fr. Dec. (K, MO, P, WAG); Leeuwenberg 9265, Manengouba Mts., fl. Jan. (BR, HBG, P, UPS, WAG); Letouzey 3151, Djal, y.fr. Feb. (BR, HBG, K, P, WAG); Letouzey 3480, Tambera Mt., fl. Feb. (P, WAG); Letouzey 5612, Mang, 50 km ENE Lomié, fl. Aug. (P); Letouzey 13209, Nkambe, fl.b. Nov. (P); Letouzey 13538, Ejaham Lake, fr. May (P, WAG); Letouzey 13597, 45 km SW Mamfe, fr. May (K, P); Nkongmeneck 295, Nyabidi, fr. Apr. (P); Raynal 10666, Banda, fr. Apr. (P); Thomas 4529, Takamanda F.R., fl. Mar. (MO); Zenker 528, Yaoundé, fl.b. (K). — CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Descoings 12562, fl. Jan. (P); Le Testu 3647, between Yalinga and Saïd Bandassi, fl. Jan. (P, WAG); Tisserant 459, Bambari, y.fr. Feb. (P); Tisserant 3009, Bozoum, fl. Jan. (BM, P). — CONGO (Kinshasa): Bequaert 2015, Avakubi, fl.b. Jan. (BR); Ewango 504, Epulu, fl. Feb. (WAG); Gérard 2071, Tukpwo, fl.b. Dec. (BR, K); Lebrun 2168, between Banzyville and Yaokoma, fl.b. Feb. (BR, K, P); Lebrun 2445, Bondo, fl.b. Mar. (BR, K, MO); Lebrun 2609, Buta, ster. Apr. (BR, L). — COTE D’ IVOIRE: Adam 27148, Odienné, fr. May (MO); Aubréville 811, Fetekro, y.fr. Jan. (P); Chevalier 17933, fr. May (P); J.J. de Wilde 826, Adiopodoumé, fl.b. Nov. (BR, P, WAG); J.J. de Wilde 3318, Soubré, fl. Nov. (BR, P, WAG). — GHANA: Adams 3542, Legon Hill, fl.b. Nov. (K); Brown 785, Aburi, fl.b. Nov. (K); Harris s.n., Kintampo, fl. Nov. (K); Jenik & Hall 1109, Togo Hills, Shiare, y.fr. Dec. (K); Jongkind 2038, Brong-Ahafo, fr. Feb. (BR, MO, UPS, WAG); Merello et al. 1489, Digya Nat. Park, fl. Apr. (BR, MO, WAG); Vigne 1488, Amentia, y.fr. Dec. (FHO); Vigne 4818, Axim, fl. Nov. (FHO). — GUINEA: Adam 11786, Dalaba, fr. Apr. (MO); Schnell 4793, Mali, ster. Mar. (P). — NIGERIA: Ariwaodo et al. FHI 94769, Manu-Gambari, y.fr. Mar. (MO); Dalziel 1066, Lagos, fl. Oct. (K); Emwiogbon FHI 44761, Mamu F.R., fr. Mar. (K, MO); Jones FHI 5034, Umueze, y.fr. Feb. (K); Keay FHI 14167, Ibadan, fl.b. Nov. (K); Latilo FHI 40907, Calabar, fr. Mar. (K); Latilo FHI 45807, Oban Group F.R., y.fr. Feb. (K); Latilo FHI 47421, Zaria, fr. Apr. (K, WAG); Okafor & Emwiogbon FHI 66044, Izicha, fl. Feb. (WAG); Onochie FHI 27141, Benin, fr. Feb. (K); Sharland 365, Kagoro, fr. Mar. (K); Wit 1063, Oba Hill, fl.b. Dec. (WAG). — SAO TOMÉ: Chevalier 14210, Port Allègre, fl.b. July (BR, G, K, P, WAG); Mann s.n., s.loc., fl.b. (K); Quintas 67, Angolares, fl. Jan. (K). — TOGO: Breteler (Equipe) 32, Ouatchidomé, ster. Sep. (WAG); Ern 2324, 15 km NE Tsevié, fl. Nov. (K, P); Warnecke 52, Lomé, fl. (BR, K, L, P, Z).

NOTES. — As Sorindeia grandifolia may flower and produce fruits in shaded conditions as well as with full exposure, specimens show a great variation in morphology, which is reflected by the large number of synonyms. This variation concerns the habit, from tree to liana, the indumentum of the branches, leaves, and inflorescences, as well as the size of the leaflets and their number of lateral nerves. The size of the inflorescence is also variable, from 5 to 60 cm long, and also its position from axillary to cauliflorous. The possession of imbricate petals is, however, a stable character.

The neotypes for S. ledermanni , S. protioides , S. schroederi , S. longipetiolulata , and S. reticulata have been chosen from the areas where the original type material was collected. For S. schweinfurthii a specimen from a neighbouring country had to be chosen as there was no specimen available from Sudan.

Figures

Fig. 1. — Flowers of Sorindeia species, one petal removed: A, S. africana (Engl.) Van der Veken; B, S. gabonensis Bourobou & Breteler; C, S. grandifolia Engl.; D, S. juglandifolia (A. Rich.) Planch. ex Oliv.; E, S. madagascariensis DC.; F, S. oxyandra Bourobou & Breteler; G, S. winkleri Engl. (A1, Reitsma et al. 2525; A2, Breteler & Jongkind 10225; A3, Louis et al. 1208; B1, Breteler & Jongkind 10730; B2, Breteler et al. 8731; C1, Leeuwenberg 9265; C2, Leeuwenberg 8854; D1, Breteler et al. 8735; D2, Morton SL692; E1, Jongkind et al. 3206; E2, Rabevohitra & Breteler 3899; F1, Breteler & de Wilde 51; F2, Breteler & de Wilde 50; G1, Breteler & de Wilde 518; G2, Breteler & de Wilde 632). Drawing by H. DE VRIES.

Fig. 2. — Sorindeia grandifolia Engl.: A, flower showing imbricate petals. — S. juglandifolia (A. Rich.) Planch. ex Oliv.: B, flower showing valvate petals; C, part of leaf showing ‘collecting nerve’ between the main lateral nerves. — S. madagascariensis DC.: D, part of leaf, ‘collecting nerve’ absent. (A, Leeuwenberg 8854; B-C, Breteler et al. 8558; D, Lovett et al. 1002). Drawing by H. DE VRIES.

Fig. 3. — Fruits of Sorindeia species: A, S. africana (Engl.) Van der Veken; B, S. batekeensis Lec.; C, S. gabonensis Bourobou & Breteler; D, S. grandifolia Engl.; E, S. juglandifolia (A. Rich.) Planch. ex Oliv.; F, S. madagascariensis DC.; G, S. oxyandra Bourobou & Breteler; H, S. winkleri Engl. (A1, Breteler et al. 14735; A2, Breteler et al. 15033; B, Thollon 576; C, Breteler et al. 14754; D1, Meyer 15086; D2, J.J. de Wilde 8008; D3, Thomas 7023; E1, Reitsma et al. 2596; E2, Breteler & van Raalte 5626; E3, Devred 2554; F1, Jongkind et al. 3206; F2, Chapman 9358; G, Breteler & de Wilde 51; H, J.J. de Wilde 8850). Drawing by H. DE VRIES.

Fig. 7. — Distribution of Sorindeia grandifolia Engl.