Simonia sumatra Yu & Lin, 2023

Zhang, Jianshuang, Yu, Hao & Lin, Yucheng, 2023, Simonia gen. nov., a new spider genus (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) from Southeast Asia, ZooKeys 1185, pp. 277-294 : 277

Simonia sumatra Yu & Lin sp. nov.

Figs 6 , 7

Type material.

Holotype ♀ and paratype 1♀ (IZCAS), Indonesia: West Sumatra Prov., Kab Agam Co., Kecamatan Matur district, 0°15.739'S, 100°18.491'E, 01.XII.2013, H. Zhao leg. Paratypes 1♀ and 1juv. (NHMSU), West Sumatra Prov., Kab Agam Co., Simarasok Vill., Cua Luwuang, 0°14.902'S, 100°28.993'E, 710 m, 11.I.2014, H. Zhao leg.

Etymology.

The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis.

The female of the new species resembles those of S. youyiensis in having similar habitus and general appearance of the epigyne (cf. Fig. 6 and Fig. 4C-G ), but can be easily distinguished by 1) anterior margin of epigynal plate concaved c. 120° (vs c. 140°) (cf. Fig. 6C, D and Fig. 4E, F ), 2) spermathecae shaped like the whole hind leg of a frog, consisting of head, stalk and base (vs comma-shaped, only with head and stalk) (cf. Fig. 6E and Fig. 4G ), and 3) bursae egg-shaped (vs spherical) (cf. Fig. 6E and Fig. 4G ).

Description.

Female (Fig. 6A, B ): Carapace brownish posteriorly, distinctly darker anteriorly and marginally, with distinct pattern on pars cephalica consisting of pair of dark lateral bands and Ψ-shaped markings behind posterior eyes, markings starting from behind PME and PLE almost reaching dark fovea. AER distinctly recurved, PER distinctly recurved in dorsal view. Sternum uniformly black. Mouthparts coloured as sternum. Legs uniformly yellowish white. Abdomen round, covered with sparse long setae; dorsum basically black, centrally with 2 pairs of muscular depressions, anteriorly with pair of large, nearly fan-shaped patches, posteriorly with pair of √-shaped band; venter slightly darker than dorsum, without distinct pattern. Measurements: Total length 2.28. Carapace 0.96 long, 0.88 wide. Clypeus 0.22 high. Sternum 0.48 long, 0.50 wide. Abdomen 1.56 long, 1.28 wide. Length of legs: I 2.71 (1.02, 0.33, 0.57, 0.51, 0.28); II 2.42 (0.83, 0.27, 0.52, 0.49, 0.31); III 1.74 (0.48, 0.21, 0.41, 0.41, 0.23); IV 2.29 (0.91, 0.27, 0.42, 0.41, 0.28).

Epigyne (Fig. 6E-G ). Epigynal plate c. 1.2 × wider than long, anteriorly concaved by c. 120°. Scape (Sc) spoon-shaped, small, about 1/6 length of epigynal plate. Spermathecae (Sp) shaped like the whole hind leg of a frog, with bean-shaped head (SH), conical stalk (SS) and distinctly narrowed base (SB); anterior surface of spermathecae touching anterior margin of epigynal plate; spermathecal stalks and bases extending obliquely, widely separated by c. 1/2 width of epigynal plate. Bursae (CB) egg-shaped.

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality, West Sumatra, Indonesia (Fig. 7 ).

Figures

Figure 4. Simonia youyiensis, male habitus (A, B), female habitus (C, D) and epigyne (E-G) A dorsal B ventral C dorsal D ventral E intact, ventral F cleared, ventral (blue dashed line showing the anterior margin of the epigynal plate) G cleared, dorsal (green dashed line showing schematic course of copulatory duct). Abbreviations: CB = copulatory bursa; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SH = spermathecal head; SS = spermathecal stalk; Sp = spermatheca; TF = transverse fold of epigynal plate. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.2 mm (E-G).

Figure 6. Holotype female of Simonia sumatra sp. nov., habitus (A, B) and epigyne (C-E) A dorsal B ventral C intact, ventral D cleared, ventral (blue dashed line showing the anterior margin of the epigynal plate) E cleared, dorsal (green dashed line showing schematic course of copulatory duct). Abbreviations: CB = copulatory bursa; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; SB = spermathecal base; Sc = scape; SH = spermathecal head; SS = spermathecal stalk; Sp = spermatheca; TF = transverse fold of epigynal plate. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-E).

Figure 7. Distribution records of Simonia gen. nov. species.