Scopaeus Erichson, 1839: 29

Herman, Lee, 2023, Generic Revisions Of The Scopaeina And The Sphaeronina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2023 (460), pp. 1-195 : 61-65

Scopaeus Erichson, 1839: 29 . Type species: Paederus laevigatus Gyllenhal, 1827: 483 , fixed by Duponchel (1841: 57) by subsequent designation.

— Erichson, 1840: 604 (first included species: laevigatus , didymus , minutus , minimus , infirmus , exiguus , pygmaeus , fasciatellus , pulchellus ; characters). — Redtenbacher, L., 1849: 61, 717 (key; characters). — Schaum, 1852: 27 (list of species; Europe). — Lacordaire, 1854: 95 (characters; notes; list of species). — Mulsant and Rey, 1855a: 161 [= Mulsant and Rey, 1855b: 49] (characters; notes). — Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 558 (characters). — Kraatz, 1857: 667, 701 (characters; key). — Jacquelin du Val, 1857: 46 (characters). — Redtenbacher, L., 1857: 213 (characters). — Thomson, 1858: 40 (characters). — Waterhouse, G., 1858: 27 (catalog; British species). — Thomson, 1859: 28 (characters; type species: laevigatus ).

— Schaum, 1859: 28 (catalog; European species). — Thomson, 1860: 207 (characters).

— LeConte, 1861: 66 (key). — Gredler, 1863: 110 (list of species from Tirol). — LeConte, 1863b: 25 (list of North American species). — Crotch, 1863: 35 (catalog; British species). — Wencker and Silbermann, 1866: 32 (list of species; collecting notes; France). — Rye, 1866: 249 (catalog of British species). — Fauvel, 1867: 2, 5 [= 1868: 7, 10] (key; characters). — Thomson, 1867: 180 (key).

— Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 618 (catalog; 46 species). — Jacquelin du Val, 1868: 72 (catalog; Europe). — Sharp, 1871: 12 (list of British species). — Fauvel, 1873a: 292, 307 [= 1873b: 134; 1873c: 21] (key; characters).

— Crotch, 1873: 32 (checklist; North American species). — Cox, 1874: 277, 283 (characters; key to British species). — Redtenbacher, L., 1874: 230 (characters; 9 species). — Fauvel, 1875a: xix [= 1875b: 221] (catalog; 15 species). — Sharp, 1876: 248 (notes; 7 Brazilian species). — Mulsant and Rey, 1878: 179 (characters; 12 French species). — LeConte, 1880: 178 (notes; two species). — Heyden, 1880: 76 (list of species of Siberian region). — Duvivier, 1883: 168 (catalog). — Lynch Arribálzaga, 1884: 245 (characters; notes; three Argentine species). — Casey, 1886a: 38 (characters). — Casey, 1886b: 217, 229 (characters). — Sharp, 1886: 540 (notes; 20 Mesoamerican species). — Sharp, 1887: 795 (notes). — Fowler, 1888: 310 (notes; key to three British species). — Fauvel, 1889: 255 (notes). — Heyden, E. Reitter and J. Weise, 1891: 108 (list of species of Europe and Caucasus region). — Seidlitz, 1889a: 93, 371 (characters; key to some European species). — Seidlitz, 1889b: 93, 395 (characters; key to some European species). — Sharp and Fowler, 1893: 13 (catalog; British species).

— Heyden, 1893: 45 (list of species of Siberian region). — Ganglbauer, 1895: 526 (characters; key to 11 European species).

— Heyden, 1896: 34 (list of species of Siberian region). — Casey, 1905: 191, 203 (characters; notes; key to species). — Heyden, E. Reitter and J. Weise, 1906: 154 (list of species of Europe and Caucasus region). — Reitter, 1909: 140, 147 (key; key to German species). — Saint Claire Deville, 1910: 139 (notes; key to and annotated list of species of Seine Basin, France). — Kuhnt, 1912: 218 (key to German species). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1912: 245 (catalog). — Petri, 1912: 65 (list of species of Siebenbürgen). — Johansen, 1914: 442, 460 (characters; key to Danish species). — Bruch, 1915: 496 (catalog; Argentina). — Chagnon, 1917: 192 (checklist; Quebec). — Leng, 1920: 104 (catalog of American species). — Cameron, 1921: 353, 373, 403 (characters; key and catalog for species of Singapore). — Cameron, 1925: 44 (catalog; species of British India). — Winkler, 1925: 364 (catalog; Palearctic region).

— Porta, 1926: 68, 72 (characters; key to Italian species). — Leng and Mutchler, 1927: 20 (catalog; American species). — Bruch, 1928: 442 (catalog; Argentina). — Portevin, 1929: 384, 385 (characters; French species).

— Beare, 1930: 16 (catalog; British species). — Roubal, 1930: 354 (catalog; Slovakia).

— Cameron, 1931: 31, 169 (characters; key to Indian species). — Joy, 1932: 136 (key to British species). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1264 (catalog). — Binaghi, 1935 (key and characters for some species). — Saint-Claire Deville, 1935: 96 (catalog; French species).

— Blackwelder, 1939a: 100, 105, 121 (key; checklist; type species). — Blackwelder, 1939b: 24 (catalog of American species).

— Glick, 1939: 31 (high aerial capture).

— Hansen, V., Hellén, Jansson, Munster, and Strand, 1939: 33 (checklist; northern Europe). — Tottenham, 1940: 53 (correction of type species). — Blackwelder, 1943: 230, 279 (key; characters; key to West Indian species; notes; type species). — Blackwelder, 1944: 119 (checklist of species, Latin America).

— Kloet and Hincks, 1945: 164 (checklist; British species). — Porta, 1949: 144 (notes; key to Italian species). — Tottenham, 1949: 367, 415 (type species: laevigatus Gyllenhal ; checklist of British species). — Blackwelder, 1952: 347 (type species; synonyms). — Adachi, 1955: 15, 25 (characters; key to Japanese species). — Hatch, 1957: 151, 161 (characters; key to subgenera and species of N.W. United States). — Kocher, 1958: 127 (checklist of species; Morocco). — Coiffait, 1960: 284 (characters; key to subgenera). — Hansen, V., Klefbeck, Sjöberg, Stenius, and Strand, 1960: 134–137 (checklist; northern Europe).

— Fagel, 1961a: 273 (notes). — Fagel, 1961b: 200 (notes). — Ferreira, 1962: 15 (catalog; Portuguese species). — Arnett, 1963: 244, 269 (characters; notes). — Székessy, 1963: 42 (characters). — Palm, 1963: 14 (characters; key to species of Sweden). — Fagel, 1963: 355 (notes). — Lohse, 1964: 143 (characters; key to central European species). — Szujecki, 1965: 34 (characters; key to Polish species). — Fagel, 1965: 209 (notes). — Coiffait, 1968 (notes; characters). — Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 380, 389 (key; characters; key to Chilean species). — Scheerpeltz, 1968: 52 (catalog; Austrian species). — Allen, 1969: 198 (British species; notes; key). — Fagel, 1973 (revision of African species; characters; key to species and to species groups; catalog of African species). — Shibata, 1973: 51 (catalog; Taiwanese species). — Tikhomirova, 1973: 177 (checklist of species of USSR). — Moore and Legner, 1974: 558 (characters). — Blackwelder and Arnett, 1974: 57 (checklist; North America; Central America; West Indies). — Moore and Legner, 1975: 137 (catalog; American species). — Pope, 1977: 27 (checklist; British species). — Shibata, 1977: 58 (catalog; Japanese species). — Moore and Legner, 1979: 114 (characters; notes). — Burakowski, Mroczkowski, and Stefańska, 1979: 219 (catalog; Poland). — Muona, 1979: 17 (list of Scandinavian species). — Uhlig, 1979: 249 (some species collected in Germany).

— Dvořák, 1979: 114 (some species collected in Slovakia). — Uhlig, Vogel, and Sieber, 1980: 243 (some species collected in Germany). — Spahr, 1981: 96 (references to specimens from amber and copal).

— Coiffait, 1982: 11 (characters in key).

— Matthews, 1982: 8 (notes; Australia).

— Tóth, 1983: 2, 20 (characters; key to Hungarian species). — Coiffait, 1984: 148 (key to subgenera and species; characters; distribution). — Hammond, 1984: 204 (checklist; Borneo). — Boháč, 1985: 453 (characters; notes; key to Czechoslovakian species).

— Outerelo and Gamarra, 1985: 35 (characters). — Frank, 1986: 369 (checklist; Florida species). — Segers, 1986: 38 (catalog; Belgian species). — Silfverberg, 1992: 19 (list of species of Fennoscandia, Denmark, and the Baltic States). — Navarrete-Heredia and Márquez-Luna, 1993 (cave collections; Mexico). — Boháč, 1993: 46 (list of species of Czech Republic). — Frisch, 1994: 4 (aedeagal morphology). — Terlutter, 1995: 68 (list of some species of Germany). — Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 21 (list of species of Italy).

— Biswas and Biswas, 1995: 279 (key to species of West Bengal). — Hansen, M., 1996: 103 (list of Danish species). — Hansen, M., Mahler, Palm, and Pedersen, 1996: 242 (additions to list of Danish species). — Downie and Arnett, 1996: 405 (characters; key to species of Northeastern North America).

— Frisch, 1997a (revision of western Palaearctic species). — Frisch, 1998 (revision of some West Palaearctic species). — Lundgren, 1998: 49 (list of species from Florida; records for other States listed for each species). — Hansen, M., Palm, Pedersen, and Runge, 1998: 71 (list of species collected in 1997; Denmark). — Frisch, 1999a (characters and discussion of and key to species of debilis species group). — Frisch, 1999b (characters and discussion of species of S. obscuripes species group). — Frisch, 1999c (characters and discussion of species of S. sulcicollis species group). — Newton, Thayer, Ashe, and Chandler, 2000: 386 (42 North American species; characters in key; notes). — Assing and Schülke, 2001: 132 (checklist of central European species). — Frisch, Burckhardt, and Wolters, 2002a: 27 (taxonomic history; summary of natural history; anatomy; characters; species-group characters and classification; phylogeny and biogeography of species of Western Palaearctic; character evolution; classification; type species). — Frisch, Burckhardt, and Wolters, 2002b: 2 (catalog; Western Palaearctic). — Frisch, Burckhardt, and Wolters, 2002c: 1 (data matrix for cladistic analysis). — Navarrete-Heredia, Newton, Thayer, Ashe, and Chandler, 2002: 280 (characters in key to genera for Mexico; general notes; list of Mexican species). — Frisch, 2003: 649 (revision of Scopaeus laevigatus species group). — Smetana, 2004: 615 (Palaearctic catalog). — Frisch, 2005: 73

(characters of S. limbatus species group and revision of species). — Stan, 2004: 99 (checklist; Romania). — Frisch, 2006a: 20 (checklist of species of Iran). — Frisch, 2007a: 195 (revision of and characters for S. gracilis species group; discussion of biogeography).

— Frisch, 2009: 271 (characters and revision of species of Scopaeus mutatus group; discussion of designation of lectotypes; discussion of phylogeography). — Jiménez-Sánchez, Zaragoza-Caballero, and Noguera, 2009: 167 (seasonal abundance; Morelos, Mexico).

— Frisch, 2011: 363 (revision of and characters for S. paliferus species group). — Frisch, 2012a: 277 (revision of and characters for S. sericans species group). — Assing, 2012b: 322 (characters). — Frisch, 2012b: 370 (characters; comments; key to species of Central Europe). — Frisch, 2014: 201 (revision of and characters for S. similis species group).

— Frisch, 2015a: 139 (revision of and characters for obscuripes species group; distribution; notes; key to species; phylogeography).

— Frisch, 2016: 56-88 (revision of types of Australian species).

Polyodontus Solier, 1849: 310 . (preoccupied by Eysenhardt, 1818). Type species: Polyodontus angustatus Solier, 1849: 312 , fixed by monotypy.

— Lacordaire, 1854: 95 (characters; notes; list of species). — Kraatz, 1857: 701 (synonym of Scopaeus ; notes). — Kraatz, 1859: 4, 12 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Fauvel, 1867: 2 [= 1868: 10] (synonym of Scopaeus ).

— Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 618 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Fauvel, 1873a: 307 [= 1873c: 21] (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Fauvel, 1875a: xix [= 1875b: 221] (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Mulsant and Rey, 1878: 194 (characters; group of Scopaeus ; key).

— Lynch Arribálzaga, 1884: 245 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Seidlitz, 1889a: 372 (subgenus of Scopaeus ; key to some European species). — Seidlitz, 1889b: 395 (subgenus of Scopaeus ; key to some European species).

— Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1891: 109 (catalog; subgenus of Scopaeus ; Europe).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 526 (subgenus of Scopaeus ). — Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1906: 154 (catalog; subgenus of Scopaeus ; Europe). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1912: 245 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Cameron, 1931: 169 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1264 (subgenus of Scopaeus ; catalog). — Binaghi, 1935: 85, 87 (characters).

— Blackwelder, 1939a: 105, 121 (synonym of Scopaeus ; type species). — Blackwelder, 1943: 279 (synonym of Scopaeus ; type species). — Blackwelder, 1944: 119 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Tottenham, 1949: 368, 415 (type species: angustatus Solier ; subgenus of Scopaeus ; checklist of British species).

— Coiffait, 1952: 8 (subgenus of Scopaeus ; list of and key to species). — Blackwelder, 1952: 318 (type species; preoccupied name; synonym of Scopaeus ). — Coiffait, 1968: 407 (notes; preoccupied name). — Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 389 (synonym of Scopaeus ).

— Saiz, 1969: 8 (synonym of Scopaeus ).

— Blackwelder and Arnett, 1974: 57 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Coiffait, 1984: 148 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Outerelo and Gamarra, 1985: 35 (characters). — Newton, Thayer, Ashe, and Chandler, 2000: 386 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Frisch, Burckhardt, and Wolters, 2002a: 45 (homonym; notes; position uncertain). — Frisch, Burckhardt, and Wolters, 2002b: 2 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Smetana, 2004: 615 (synonym of Scopaeus ).

Scoponeus Motschulsky, 1858: 641 . Type species: Scoponeus testaceus Motschulsky, 1858: 642 , fixed by Blackwelder (1939a: 121) by subsequent designation.

— Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 618 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Fauvel, 1873a: 307 [= 1873c: 21] (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Fauvel, 1875a: xix [= 1875b: 221] (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Lynch Arribálzaga, 1884: 245 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Ganglbauer, 1895: 526 (synonym of Polyodontus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1912: 245 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Cameron, 1931: 169 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Blackwelder, 1939a: 105, 121 (synonym of Scopaeus ; type species). — Blackwelder, 1943: 279 (synonym of Scopaeus ; type species). — Blackwelder, 1944: 119 (synonym of Scopaeus ).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 348 (type species, date of genus cited as 1857; synonym of Scopaeus ). — Blackwelder and Arnett, 1974: 57 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Coiffait, 1984: 148 (synonym of Scopaeus ). — Smetana, 2004: 615 (synonym of Scopaeus ).

Euscopaeus Sharp, 1886: 548 . Type species: Euscopaeus crassitarsis Sharp, 1886: 548 , fixed by Lucas (1920: 290) by subsequent designation. New synonym.

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1912: 252 (catalog). — Blackwelder, 1939a: 118 (type species). — Blackwelder, 1944: 121 (checklist of species, Latin America). — Blackwelder, 1952: 161 (type species). — Blackwelder and Arnett, 1974: 62 (checklist; North America; Central America; West Indies).

Scopaeomerus Sharp, 1886: 538 . Type species: Scopaeomerus chiriquensis Sharp, 1886: 539 , fixed by Lucas (1920: 587; cited as “ Sc. chiriguensis ”) by subsequent designation. New synonym.

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1912: 252 (catalog). — Blackwelder, 1939a: 121 (type species). — Blackwelder, 1944: 120 (checklist of species, Latin America). — Blackwelder, 1952: 347 (type species). — Blackwelder and Arnett, 1974: 59 (checklist; North America; Central America; West Indies).

— Navarrete-Heredia, J.L., A.F. Newton, M.K. Thayer, J.S. Ashe, and D.S. Chandler. 2002: 280 (characters in key to genera for Mexico; general notes; list of Mexican species).

Leptorus Casey, 1886b: 220 . Type species: Scopaeus exiguus Erichson, 1840: 608 , fixed by