Tynanthus labiatus (Cham.) Miers (1863: 193)

Medeiros, Maria Cláudia Melo Pacheco De & Lohmann, Lúcia G., 2015, Taxonomic Revision of Tynanthus (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), Phytotaxa 216 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

7. Tynanthus labiatus (Cham.) Miers (1863: 193) . Bignonia labiata Chamisso (1832: 701) . Schizopsis labiata (Cham.) Bureau (1865: 373) . Type:— BRAZIL. "Brasil aequinoct.," s.d., F. Sellow s.n. (holotype LE!; isotypes B destroyed, G-DC! (barcode 133274), HAL! (barcode 98689) photo, K! (barcode 449547), K! (barcode 449547) as photocopy at MO (2904326), NY! (barcode 579087), US! (barcode 125831)).

Fig. 11 : A–E

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Lianas. Branchlets tetragonal to terete, with ritidome (conspicuous when old), finely striated, lenticeled to densely lenticeled, glabrescent (sometimes pubescent at the nodes), with peltate and patelliform trichomes (sometimes also with simple); interpetiolar ridge absent or present; interpetiolar patelliform glands absent; prophylls of the axillary buds 0.8–2.2 mm long, 0.8–1.9 mm wide, minute, shallowly triangular to triangular, pubescent or puberulent to glabrescent throughout, with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes. Leaves 2–3 foliolated (more commonly 3); terminal leaflets often modified into trifid tendrils, without adhesive-disks on tip; petioles and petiolules glabrescent (sometimes pubescent) throughout surface, with peltate and patelliform trichomes (sometimes also simple); petioles (0.7–) 1.3–6.5 cm long; petiolules 0.6–3.8 cm long; leaflets (3.1–) 5.3–13.5 cm long, (1.3–) 2.5–7.4 cm wide, membranous to chartaceous, discolor, elliptic; apex acuminate, mucronate; base cuneate or obtuse, symmetrical; margin entire; the abaxial surface glabrescent (sometimes pubescent) on and near the veins, with peltate and patelliform trichomes (sometimes also simple); the adaxial surface glabrescent (sometimes pubescent) on and near the veins, with peltate and patelliform trichomes (sometimes also simple); glandular trichomes distributed especially on the abaxial surface; second venation weak brochidodromous; pocket domatia with or without trichomes. Inflorescence axilar or terminal, a thyrse or a compound thyrse, lax, with conical aspect, first order 5.5–14 cm long, second order 1.5–4 cm long; axis pubescent (at some axis nodes), with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; bracts of the inflorescence predominantly caducous, tomentose to pubescent only at margins, 0.5–2 mm long; floral bracts 0.4–1.1 mm long; floral pedicels 1–3 mm long. Calyx green to yellowish, 1.6–2.4 mm long, 1.7–2.5 mm wide, with transversal aperture, minutely 5-denticulate (sometimes truncate), pubescent at teeth to glabrescent outside, with patelliform glands; lobes 0.1–0.3 mm long. Corolla white, cream or pale yellow (sometimes pale pink), 1–1.4 cm long, 3.5–6 mm wide at the tube opening; tube 4–7 mm long, internally tomentose at the base, with simple and long and short stipitate trichomes; nectar guides present, yellow; lobes densely pubescent to pubescent throughout lower ones and at the margin of upper ones; upper ones 0.4–1.4 mm long, 0.9–2.4 mm wide, acute to obtuse; lower ones 1.5–4 mm long, 2.4–4 mm wide, obtuse to rounded. Androecium with fertile stamens inserted 1.1–2.5 mm from the base of the corolla; shorter ones 2.5–7 mm long; longer ones 3.5–9 mm long; anthers thecae 1–1.4 mm long, obovate to elliptic, subexserted; connective extending 0.2–0.3 mm beyond anther attachment; staminode 1.1–2.5 mm long, glabrescent, with long and short stipitate trichomes. Gynoecium 4–12 mm long; ovary 1–1.2 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm wide, conical, velutinous; style 3–10 mm long, tomentose to pubescent at the base. Fruit a linear flattened capsule, 10–27 cm long, 2.4–3.1 cm wide, woody, smooth to granular near the midvein and granular near the margins, without lenticels, glabrescent, with peltate and patelliform trichomes; central ridge single, slightly or not prominent; margins prominently raised (winged), 0.6–1.2 cm wide. Seeds body 0.9–1 cm long, 0.7–0.8 cm wide; wings not seen.

Phenology: —Flowers and produces fruits from January to May.

Distribution and habitats: —Occurs mainly in moist broadleaf forests, although some populations also reach dry forests from Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro) ( Fig. 12).

Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Sin loc., s.d., A . Glaziou 16269 ( P). Bahia: Igreja Velha, 1841, J. S . Blanchet 3267 ( BM, BR, F, G, G-DC, LE, M, NY, P). Caetité, Café Baiano, 9 km E de Caetité em direção a Brumado , 800 m, 7 March 1994, V. C . Souza et al. 5334 ( SPF 108378 , fruit attached to an Adenocalymma Mart. ex Meisn. specimen). Rui Barbosa, Serra do Orobó , Fazenda Bom Jardim, 426 m, 26 May 2005, L. P . de Queiroz et al. 10661 ( SPF). Minas Gerais: Sin loc., s.d., E. P . Heringer s.n. ( RB barcode 58263). Catas Altas ?, 1882?, A . Glaziou 14108 ( BR, F, G, K, LE, MO, P, US) . Coronel Pacheco, Fazenda Companhia, 29 February 1944, E. P . Heringer 1331 ( RB). Monjolos, Estrada Corinto – Conselheiro Mata, margem esquerda do Rio Pardo Pequeno , 540 m, 19 February 2011, M. C . Medeiros & R. B . Louzada 31 ( SPF). Santo Hipólito, Estrada Corinto – Conselheiro Mata, a 6 km de Santo Hipólito, 550 m, 4 April 1996, J. R . Pirani et al. 3775 ( SPF); 12 January 1998, J. R . Pirani et al. 3900 ( SPF); 19 February 2011, M. C . Medeiros & R. B . Louzada 30 ( SPF); Cerca de 5 km além de Santo Hipólito em direção a Monjolos, no antigo leito da estrada de ferro, afloramento de calcáreo à margem esquerda do Rio Pardo Pequeno , 500 m, 24 March 1997, R . Mello-Silva et al. 1317 ( SPF). Volta Grande , Foz do rio angu, January 2007, L. C. S . Viana & G. M . Maciel s.n. ( BHCB 109098 ). Rio de Janeiro: Sin loc., 1832, L . Riedel 88 ( LE, NY). Vallée du Rio Comprido, 18 February 1871, A . Glaziou 4703 ( P). Itaguaí, Rio Mazomba , 12 January 1950, L. E. M . Filho 1029 ( R); 12 January 1950, A. C . Brade & A . Duarte 20165 ( MO, NY, RB). Rio de Janeiro, Parque do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pedra do Marinheiro , 25 January 1989, R . Marquete et al. 202 ( RB); Ibid., trecho entre a caixa d’água do Caminho do Boi até Pedra do Marinheiro , 5 March 1991, M . Madruz et al. 678 ( K) .

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Taxonomic notes: — Tynanthus labiatus can be easily recognized in the field by the conspicuous ritidome encountered in old branches and stem. Apart from that, T. labiatus is characterized by the glabrescent elliptic leaflets, conical inflorescences and winged fruits, all of which are also shared with the Amazonian T. schumannianus . However, T. labiatus has glabrous inflorescences axes, pubescent only at nodes (versus densely pubescent to pubescent inflorescences axes throughout in T. schumannianus ) and larger corollas, 1–1.4 cm (versus smaller corollas, 0.4–0.9 cm in T. schumannianus ). Tynanthus labiatus is a close relative of T. fasciculatus ( Medeiros & Lohmann 2015; see T. fasciculatus notes).

Figures

FIGURE 11. A–E. Tynanthus labiatus: A. Flowering branch; B. Petiolar region showing minute prophylls of the axillary buds; C. Detail of inflorescence axis showing the indumentum and bracts; D. Flower; E. Fruit (J.R. Pirani 3900, SPF). F–K. T. macranthus: F. Flowering branch; G. Detail of the densely pubescent indumentum in branchlet; H. Interpetiolar glands (R. Lent 42, NY isotype); I. Flower; J. Open corolla showing the androecium; K. Open calyx showing the gynoecium (A. Jiménez M. 2044, NY). Illustration by Klei Sousa.