Sarisodera Wouts & Sher, 1971

Ghaderi, Reza, 2019, An outline on distribution and hosts of the cystoid nematodes of Ataloderinae Wouts, 1973 and Meloidoderinae Golden, 1971, Zootaxa 4664 (3), pp. 339-350 : 343-344

Sarisodera Wouts & Sher, 1971

There is only one described species in the genus, S. hydrophila Wouts & Sher, 1971 , although some undetermined populations are reported in the literature. Wouts & Sher (1971) collected specimens of the genus Sarisodera from soil or roots from several habitats and localities in California including willow ( Salix lasiolepis Benth. , Salicaceae ) from Riverside County; fern ( Polypodiaceae ) and laurel ( Lauraceae ) from the University of California, Berkeley campus; fern from Humboldt County; ironwood ( Lyonothamnus floribundus Gray , Rosaceae ) from Santa Cruz Island; pine ( Pinus sp., Pinaceae ) from Monterey; and oak ( Quercus sp., Fagaceae ) from Santa Barbara. They claimed that these collections appear to represent at least five species but sufficient specimens of only the willow population, which they described as S. hydrophila , were available at the time. These authors also mentioned that specimens reported as Heterodera sp. by Nickle (1960) from white pine ( Pinus monticola Dougl. , Pinaceae ) in Idaho could be considered as a species of the genus Sarisodera . Mundo-Ocampo & Baldwin (1983a) considered Populus (Salicaceae) and Lyonothamnus (Rosaceae) as hosts of this nematode at the type locality and Santa Cruz Island, respectively. Choi & Kim (2001) found S. hydrophila around the roots of a deciduous tree ( Fraxinus rhynchophylla , Oleaceae ) in Korea. Sturhan (2018) found two populations from rhizosphere soil of an unidentified tree of the family Fagaceae and wild banana in northern Vietnam that are closely related to S. hydrophila .

Luc et al. (1973) described S. africana from guinea grass ( Panicum maximum , Poaceae ) from Senegal, but Baldwin & Bell (1985) emended the diagnosis of Sarisodera to exclude cysts, which do not form in the type species, S. hydrophila . They then transferred S. africana to their new genus Afenestrata . Later, Mundo-Ocampo et al. (2008) synonymized Afenestrata with Heterodera .

The histopathology of two populations of S. hydrophila was examined on willow ( Salix lasiolepis Eenth. , Salicaceae ), cottonwood ( Populus fremontii Wats. , Salicaceae ), and ironwood ( Lyonothamnus floribundus Gray , Rosaceae ) using light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. S. hydrophila induces formation of a single uninucleate hypertrophied cell (giant cell) which varies only slightly among the three hosts. Cell wall ingrowths, such as those associated with host responses to certain other plant-parasitic nematodes, were not observed in giant cells induced by S. hydrophila ( Mundo-Ocampo & Baldwin 1983a).