Purana mindanaoensis Lee and Marshall, 2023

Lee, Young June, Marshall, David C., Mohagan, Alma B., Hill, Kathy B. R. & Mohagan, Dave P., 2023, Revised checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) of Mindanao, Philippines, with descriptions of a new genus and nine new species, Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4), pp. 193-242 : 223-227

22. Purana mindanaoensis Lee and Marshall sp. nov.

( Figures 13 , 14 )

Purana cf. barbosae: Hill et al. 2021 : table 1, figs 5, 13, 14.

Type material

Holotype. Male, specimen code 12.PH. MN. MUS.01, PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Bukidnon, Maramag , Mt. Musuan , 7°52.62 ʹ N, 125°4.19 ʹ E, 19 April 2012, K.B. R. Hill, D.C. Marshall and A. B. Mohagan ( NMPM).

Paratypes. 1 male, specimen code 12. PH. MN . MUS . 05, same collection data ( UCONN); 1 male, specimen code 12 . PH. MN . HWB.01, PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, W side Mt . Hamiguitan, 1 h up trail from Tumalite Village , 6°43.849 ʹ N, 126°7.856 ʹ E, 24 April 2012, K .B. R. Hill, D.C. Marshall and A .B. Mohagan ( UCONN) .

Additional location audio recorded

PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Cateel / Compostela Rd ., nr bdry, 646 m, 07°40.39 ʹ N, 126°12.77 ʹ E, PH. MN.CAB, 6 May 2012, K .B. R. Hill, D .C. Marshall and A.B. Mohagan.

Etymology

The new species is named after the type locality, Mindanao.

Measurements of types (3 males)

Length of body: 20.8 (20.2–21.4). Length of head and thorax together: 10.1 (9.8–10.3). Length of abdomen: 10.7 (10.4–11.1). Width of head including compound eyes: 6.5 (6.2–6.6). Width of pronotum: 7.2 (7.1–7.4). Width of mesonotum: 6.3 (6.3–6.4). Width of abdominal tergite 3: 6.9 (6.8–6.9). Length of fore wing: 27.2 (24.7–28.9). Width of fore wing: 8.9 (8.5–9.3). Wing span: 60.2 (56.1–63.8).

Description of male

Head. Vertex dark ochraceous tinged with green and with the following black marks: inverted triangular large median mark surrounding ocelli, with its anterior tip not reaching frontoclypeal suture; a pair of longitudinal F-shaped marks on both sides of the median mark, extending to supra-antennal plates; a pair of narrow fasciae along compound eyes; and a pair of tiny spots posteromedially. Distance between lateral ocelli and compound eyes longer than twice the distance between lateral ocelli. Antennae dark brown to fuscous. Postclypeus moderately swollen anteriad; light ochraceous, tinged with green anteriorly, with fasciae or spots along transverse grooves, all connected at inner ends, of which first five long but remainder short. Anteclypeus black except ochraceous median ridge. Rostrum ochraceous but black to fuscous apically; not reaching abdominal sternite III. Lorum ochraceous on anterior one-third but black on posterior two-thirds. Gena ochraceous with obliquely transverse black fascia between postclypeus and compound eye and fascia along compound eye.

Thorax. Pronotum mostly ochraceous but partly light green. Inner area of pronotum ochraceous but light green posteromedially with the following black to fuscous marks: a pair of median longitudinal fasciae slightly broadened at both anterior and posterior ends; a pair of short, oblique indistinct branches along paramedian fissures arising from around middle of the median longitudinal fasciae; a pair of indistinct short longitudinal fasciae between about middle of paramedian fissures and posterior ends of lateral fissures; a pair of fasciae along lateral fissures, interrupted in the middle; and a pair of curved fasciae along lateral margins of inner area. Pronotal collar greenish ochraceous with narrow transverse black fascia along posterior margin and a pair of fuscous spots on sublateral parts. Anterolateral pronotal collar dentate. Mesonotum brown (medially) to dark greenish ochraceous (laterally) with the following black marks: median longitudinal fascia slightly broadened posteriorly to reach anterior margin of cruciform elevation; a pair of small round spots enclosing scutal depressions; a pair of inwardly curved fasciae along inner side of parapsidal sutures; a pair of longitudinally arranged two spots on lateral sigilla: anterior ones longitudinally long touching anterior margin of mesonotum but posterior ones roundish. Cruciform elevation greenish ochraceous but tinged with brown centrally with black posterior margin. Thoracic sternites light greenish ochraceous with black to fuscous spot each on basisternum 2, episternum 2, meron 2, basisternum 3, episternum 3 and meron 3. Legs ochraceous to greenish ochraceous. Fore femur with black primary, secondary and subapical spines and with black fascia along midline of ventral side of fore femur. Fore-, mid- and hind femora with large brown to light brown patches. Fore tibia mostly fuscous except small proximal part. Mid tibia with small distal fuscous part. Fore- and mid pretarsi black.

Wings hyaline and without infuscations but slightly tinged with brown distally. Costal vein greenish ochraceous basally but darkening to become castaneous to fuscous distally. Basal cell slightly tinged with greenish ochraceous. Basal membrane and hind wing jugum dark grey. Ulnar cell 3 very broad, with border adjoining radial cell more than twice as long as that between radial cell and ulnar cell 2.

Operculum inverted triangular with posterior angle rounded, and extending far beyond middle of abdominal sternite III but not reaching posterior margin of sternite III; dull light green laterally and widely black to fuscous along inner and posterior margins, and covered with short silvery hairs and white pollinosity. Anterior one-fourth of inner margin deeply concave. Opercula separated from each other, with gap about one-fourth as wide as operculum.

Abdomen castaneous to light brown; long obconical, longer than head and thorax together. Posterior margins of each tergite narrowly black to fuscous, sometimes indistinct. Tergite 3 wider than mesonotum. Timbal cover greenish ochraceous with a large fuscous patch sublaterally; nearly quarter circle with rounded anterolateral corner, about as long as wide. Timbal concealed by timbal cover in dorsal view. Abdominal sternites dull ochraceous to light brown. Sternites III and IV each with a pair of black tubercle-like projections on posterolateral surfaces, protruding ventrolaterally but slightly obliquely downward.

Genitalia. Pygofer barrel-shaped in ventral view. Uncus short, consisting of median lobe with blunt bicuspidate apex and a pair of lateral lobes. Distal shoulder not pointed. Basal lobe of pygofer triangularly prominent.

Remarks

The existing 16 species of the Purana carmente species group are very similar to each other and often hard to distinguish. This new species has two longitudinally arranged fasciae or spots on the lateral sigillum, which are always separate from each other. This characteristic is seen only in Purana mindanaoensis Lee and Marshall sp. nov. and Purana natae Boulard, 2007 . Other species of the Purana carmente species group have only one long, continuous longitudinal fascia on the lateral sigillum, except for Purana barbosae (Distant, 1889) , which has no such distinct fasciae or spots at all on the lateral sigillum.

The male operculum of this new species has a broadly black patch along the inner margin, about half as wide as the operculum. The following eight species have a much thinner or nearly absent black patch on the male operculum: Purana barbosae , Purana obducta Schouten and Duffels, 2002 , Purana sagittata, 2002 , Purana infuscata, 2002 , Purana mickhuanae Boulard, 2009 , Purana natae , Purana phetchabuna Boulard, 2008 and Purana tanae Boulard, 2007 .

The following eight species have their own peculiar uncus shapes, respectively: Purana carmente (Walker, 1850) , Purana hermes Schouten and Duffels, 2002 , Purana infuscata , Purana sagittata , Purana chueatae Boulard, 2007 , Purana mickhuanae , Purana natae and Purana tanae (see Schouten and Duffels 2002; Boulard 2013). The remaining species of the Purana carmente species group, including Purana mindanaoensis , have somewhat similar uncus shapes, but Purana mindanaoensis has largely expanded lateral uncal lobes, which are larger or more developed than those of any other species of the Purana carmente species group.

Purana dimidia Chou and Lei, 1997 has a comparatively short male operculum. Purana trui Pham et al., 2012 has very thin longitudinal fascia on the timbal cover, a very broad black patch on the male operculum, and a blunt apical angle of the basal lobe of pygofer. Purana opaca Lee, 2009 has darker body pigmentation and an almost entirely black timbal cover and male operculum.

Song ( Figure 14 )

Recordings of the song of this species, totalling several minutes, were obtained at the type locality. The sound is a resonant, stuttering buzz with a bell-like quality, and it contains amplitude and frequency modulation as well as a complex pattern of fundamental pulses, syllables and echemes. The song is arranged into phrases that change in structure as a male continues to sing, progressing from shorter, usually isolated phrases, to longer ones up to ca.2 s often concatenated into sets lasting up to 49s in our limited sample. In its most developed form, a single phrase usually consists of 4–6 repeated echemes, each comprising (1) an initial syllable containing coalesced pulses lasting about 40–80 ms, (2) a shorter syllable containing isolated pulses repeated at about 180/s, and (3) ca. 1–3 higher amplitude syllables lasting 15–50 ms and containing pulses produced at about 360/s. The phrase begins and ends with less well-defined strings of pulses. Complex frequency and amplitude modulation patterns occur, with the loudest syllables having a lower dominant pitch (ca. 6.8 kHz) than the syllables containing coalesced pulses (14.2 kHz), and with the transition occurring during the syllables containing isolated pulses. Frequency modulation is also apparent at a shorter time scale, within individual pulses.

Figures

Figure 13. Purana mindanaoensis Lee and Marshall sp. nov., male, Mindanao, Philippines. (A) Dorsal habitus of holotype; (B) ventral habitus of holotype; (C) pygofer, ventral view.

Figure 14. Purana mindanaoensis Lee and Marshall sp. nov. Waveforms (A, C, E, F) and spectrograms (B, D, G) of male calling song at different time scales.