Ptecticus

Rozkošný, Rudolf & Hauser, Martin, 2009, Species groups of Oriental Ptecticus Loew including descriptions of ten new species with a revised identification key to the Oriental species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), Zootaxa 2034, pp. 1-30 : 25-28

Key to the Oriental species of Ptecticus

Compared with the last version of the identification key to the Oriental Ptecticus species ( Rozkošný & Kovac 2003) the following changes are made: (1) ten new species described above, and two additional species, viz., P. thailandicus Rozkošný & Courtney, 2005 and P. kovaci Hauser & Rozkošný, 2008 are included; (2) some recently confirmed synonyms are incorporated – P. brunettii Rozkošný & Kovac, 1996 is a synonym of P. brevipennis ( Rondani, 1875) (see Mason & Rozkošný 2005a), P. repensans ( Walker, 1859) is a synonym of the predominantly Australasian P. complens ( Walker, 1858) (see Mason & Rozkošný 2005b), P. minimus Rozkošný & Kovac, 1997 is a synononym of P. shirakii Nagatomi, 1975 , P. tenebrifer ( Walker, 1849) is a synonym of P. japonicus ( Thunberg, 1789) and P. wulpii Brunetti, 1907 is a synonym of P. melanurus ( Walker, 1848) (comments on the two latter synonyms see above); (3) P. mirabilis Rozkošný & Kovac, 2003 was ommited in the last key but it is actually a synonym of P. anneliesae Lindner, 1935 (see Hauser & Rozkošný 2008); (4) P. sinchangensis Ôuchi, 1938 was not included in the new key owing to its Palaearctic distribution and the occurrence of the Australasian P. rogans ( Walker, 1859) needs revision because records of this Australasian species from India and the Philippines ( Brunetti 1907) seem to be problematic (cf. Brunetti 1923); on the contrary, the Australasian P. ferrugineus ( Doleschall, 1859) probably also occurs in Sulawesi and is thus included; (5) references to the published illustrations of distinguishing characters and basic distributional data are added.

1 Median occipital (postvertical) sclerite yellow, contrasting with rest of occiput ......................................................... 2

- Median occipital sclerite black or rarely brown and thus not or barely distinct from black postocular part of occiput .................................................................................................................................................................................... 22

2 Scutum with three well defined, broad, dark longitudinal vittae, rarely blackish only on sides along notopleuron (his- trio -group, part) ............................................................................................................................................................ 3

- Scutum yellowish brown to brown, without definite pattern or predominantly black with metallic reflections ........ 8

3 Upper frons shining black (male terminalia and abdomen: figs 16–20 in original description) ( Thailand) .................. .................................................................................................................. P . pangmapensis Rozkošný & Kovac, 2003

- Upper frons yellow to yellowish brown ...................................................................................................................... 4

4 Scutum darkened only laterally along notopleuron (body including male terminalia: figs 10–17 in Mason & Roz- košný 2005a) ( Thailand and Malaysia) ....................................................................... P. brevipennis ( Rondani, 1875)

- Scutum with three broad dark longitudinal vittae, only narrow yellow lines among them yellow ............................. 5

5 Katatergite and upper part of mediotergite yellow (body parts including male terminalia figs 11–19 in Rozkošný & Kovac, 1994) ( Laos, Malaysia)...................................................................... P. malayensis Rozkošný & Kovac, 1994

- Katatergite and mediotergite black ............................................................................................................................... 6

6 Hind basitarsus bicoloured in female, black and yellow (abdomen: fig. 1 in original description; male unknown ( Sri Lanka) ....................................................................................................... P. pseudohistrio Rozkošný & Hauser, 2001

- Hind basitarsus uniformly black in female, black or bicoloured in male ................................................................... 7

7. Abdominal tergites 4 and 5 extensively black, usually without posterior yellow band (abdomen and male terminalia:

figs 6–9 in Rozkošný & De Jong 2001) ( Indonesia: Java) ................................................ P. histrio De Meijere, 1933 - Abdominal tergites 4 and 5 with posterior yellow band (male terminalia figs 20–23 in original description) ( Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand) ........................................................................ P. proximus Rozkošný & Kovac, 1996

8 Upper frons shining black ........................................................................................................................................... 9

- Upper frons yellow or yellowish brown .................................................................................................................... 12

9. Wing intensively brownish infumated or with darkened apex ................................................................................ 10

- Wing without distinct infumation .............................................................................................................................. 11

10 Scutum black with metallic green reflections; wing hyaline, only apex blackish; hind leg dark, only trochanter, knee and tarsomeres 2–3 pale yellow to white; male unknown ( Philippines)........ P. fumipennis Rozkošný & Kovac, 2003

- Scutum yellowish brown; whole wing intensively brownish infumated; hind leg black including trochanter, basal half of tibia pale yellow (female terminalia: Figs 28–30 ), male unknown (East Malaysia) ....... P. infuscatus sp. nov.

11 Apical three tarsomeres of hind leg snow-white (male terminalia: figs 1–4 in original description) ( Indonesia: Sulawesi, East Malaysia, Singapore) .................................................................... P . bifidus Rozkošný & Kovac, 1998

- Apical three tarsomeres of hind leg black (male terminalia: figs 5–7 in original description) (East Malaysia) ............ ......................................................................................................................... P. bilobatus Rozkošný & Kovac, 1998

12. Hind femur blackish in apical half; male cerci unusually elongated ( tenebrifer group, part) .................................... 13

- Hind femur uniformly ochre yellow or darkened in basal half; cerci not unusually elongated ............................... 14

13 Area above fore coxa black and with some black hairs, anepimeron blackish, male unknown ( Laos) ......................... ................................................................................................................................................ P. vitalisi Brunetti, 1924

- Area above fore coxa at most brown, without black hairs, anepimeron yellow (male terminalia and abdomen: figs 1–2, 9 in original description) ( Laos, East Malaysia, Thailand) ......................... P. erectus Rozkošný & Kovac, 2000

14 Wing at least partly infuscated; male cerci mostly short and broad; proctiger characteristically concave ventrally ( aurifer group) ........................................................................................................................................................... 15

- Wing almost hyaline, at most very finely and uniformly yellowish brown tinged; male cerci usually slender and pointed; proctiger not concave ventrally..................................................................................................................... 20

15 Greater part of pleura, abdominal venter and basal half of hind femur black .......................................................... 16

- Pleura, at least basal half of abdominal venter and entire hind femur ochre yellow ................................................. 17

16 Wing uniformly brown infuscated; male gonostylus simply pointed apically (male terminalia as in P. aurifer ) ( India, Myanmar) ...................................................................................................................... P . aurobrunneus Brunetti, 1920

- Wing orange yellow, darkened on apex and along posterior margin; male gonostylus bicuspidate apically (male terminalia: Figs 22–24) ( Laos) ........................................................................................................ P. subaurifer sp. nov.

17 Male cerci slender, gonostyli shifted to middle, also slender and narrow (abdomen and male terminalia: figs 18–21 in Rozkošný & De Jong 2001); tip of female abdomen beginning at segment 6 reddish yellow ( China, India, Indonesia: Sumatra, Laos, Nepal, Thailand) ................................................................................. P . kerteszi De Meijere, 1924

- Male cerci broad, nearly triangular, gonostyli broader and in normal position ( Figs 19–21 ) .................................. 18

18 Wing uniformly infuscated, not bicoloured, tip of female abdomen beginning at segment 5 black (East Malaysia) ... ................................................................................................................................................ P. sarawakensis sp. nov.

- Wing bicoloured orange at the base and blackish at the tip ....................................................................................... 19

19 Darkening of wing apex reaching discal cell or nearly so; basal 3–4 abdominal segments usually ochre yellow (body parts including. male terminalia: figs 18–25 in Mason & Rozkošný 2005a) (from India and China to Singapore and Laos) ................................................................................................................................ P. melanurus ( Walker, 1848)

- Darkening of wing apex reaching usually only middle or slightly more of distance between discal cell and wing margin; basal abdominal segments usually with extensive dark pattern or predominantly brown (male terminalia: figs. 8–9 in Nagatomi 1975) (East Palaearctic and Oriental) ...................................................... P. aurifer ( Walker, 1854)

20 Hind basitarsus uniformly yellowish brown; male terminalia asymmetrical (especially aedeagal complex, Figs 4–7 ) ( histrio group, part) ( Laos)....................................................................................................... P. bannapensis sp. nov.

- Hind basitarsus contrastingly brown or black at least in basal half; male terminalia symmetrical ( cingulatus group, part) ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21

21 Abdominal transverse bands reduced, barely occupying middle third of tergites 2–4; male gonostylus trilobate (abdomen and male terminalia: figs 22–25 in original description) ( Philippines) ......................................................... .................................................................................................................. P . philippinensis Rozkošný & Kovac, 2003

- Abdominal transverse bands not reduced, much broader than half length of tergites 2–4; male gonostylus simply pointed apically (abdomen and male terminalia: figs 26–30 in original description) ( Singapore) ................................ ................................................................................................................... P. temasekianus Rozkošný & Kovac, 2003

22 Hind legs completely black; male cerci unusually long ( tenebrifer group, part) ..................................................... 23

- Hind legs at least partly yellow; male cerci not unusually long ................................................................................ 24

23 Abdominal tergite 2 with at least 3 black spots; abdomen spindle-shaped (body including male terminalia: figs 12–19 in Mason & Rozkošný 2005b) ( Indonesia: Sulawesi and Philippines) ..................... P. remeans ( Walker, 1860)

- Abdominal tergite 2 translucent whitish, with a small medial spot; abdomen more spatulate (male terminalia figs

14–15 in Nagatomi 1975 under P. tenebrifer ) (East Palaearctic, China, Taiwan......... P. japonicus ( Thunberg, 1789) 24 Postcubitus (CuP) distinct, pigmented; M3 distinctly sinuate ( Figs 38 and 48 ).......................................................... 25

- Postcubitus (CuP) developed at most as hyaline wing fold; M3 straight, parallel to M2 ( Figs 36 , 42, 44 ).................. 37

25 Scutum with three broad dark longitudinal vittae ( tricolor group) ........................................................................... 26

- Scutum uniformly yellow or with another pattern ( cingulatus group, part)............................................................... 28

26 Hind femur yellow, at most its basal third brownish; abdominal tergites 1 and 2 without dark pattern ( Singapore) .... ........................................................................................................................................... P. intensivus Brunetti, 1927

- Apical half (or somewhat less) of hind femur black; abdominal tergites 1 and 2 with black pattern ........................ 27

27 Abdomen black, tergites 2–4 usually red; hind tarsus completely black (body including male terminalia: figs 24–30 in Rozkošný & Kovac, 1996) ( India, Indonesia: Java, Sumatra; Thailand) ........ P. tricolor Wulp in de Meijere, 1904

- Abdomen yellow, with extensive black pattern; hind tarsus broadly white in middle (male terminalia: figs 8–12 in original description) ( Laos, Thailand) ............................................................. P. siamensis Rozkošný & Kovac, 1998

28 Scutum predominantly metallic blue (female terminalia: Figs 25–27 ); male unknown .................. P . elegans sp. nov.

- Scutum not metallic blue .......................................................................................................................................... 29

29 Hind femur uniformly yellow or yellowish brown.................................................................................................... 30

- Hind femur with black pattern .................................................................................................................................... 35

30 Epandrium longer than broad ................................................................................................................................... 31

- Epandrium barely longer than broad ......................................................................................................................... 34

31 Cerci not extending beyond apex of proctiger, gonostylus with hook-like apical projection (figs 5–9 in Hauser & Rozkošný 2008) ( Indonesia: Sulawesi) ............................................................................. P . anneliesae Lindner, 1935

- Cerci distinctly extending beyond apex of proctiger, gonostylus without apical projection ( Figs 7–10 ) ................. 32

32 Posterior margin of genital capsule with a high medial process, aedeagal complex pointed apically ( Figs 11–14 ) ( India) ............................................................................................................................................... P. indicus sp. nov.

- Posterior margin of genital capsule without or with only very low medial process, aedeagal complex tube-like, rounded apically in dorsal view ................................................................................................................................. 33

33 Gonostylus longer than half length of genital capsule, dilated and rounded distally; apical segment of female cerci much longer (figs 15–18 in Rozkošný & De Jong 2003) ( Indonesia: Sulawesi and Australasian)................................ ................................................................................................................................... P . ferrugineus ( Doleschall, 1859)

- Gonostylus barely as long as a quarter of genital capsule length, with a short inner subapical tip; apical segment of female cerci very short, barely longer than broad (male and female terminalia in figs 1–8 in original description) ( Thailand) ................................................................................................. P . thailandicus Rozkošný & Courtney, 2005

34 Distal 4 tarsomeres on fore and mid legs dark and densely black haired; male epandrium almost round and cerci small (body including male terminalia: figs 15–19 in original description) ( Malaysia, Thailand) ............................... .................................................................................................................. P. flavifemoratus Rozkošný & Kovac, 1996

- Distal 4 tarsomeres on fore and mid legs yellow, at most 4th and and 5th tarsomeres slightly darkened and with black hairs; epandrium subquadrate, cerci larger, extending beyond proctiger (figs 2–4 in original description) ( Philippines) .................................................................................................................... P. kovaci Hauser & Rozkošný 2008

35 Scutum with diffuse black pattern: broad notopleural vittae and a linear median vitta that is triangularly expanded on both ends (body parts including male terminalia: figs 12–17 in Rozkošný & De Jong 2001) ...................................... ............................................................................................................................... P. kambangensis De Meijere, 1914

- Scutum uniformly yellowish brown .......................................................................................................................... 36

36 Abdomen with well defined black transverse bands (head, abdomen and male terminalia in Rozkošný & Kovac 1996) (from India to Taiwan and East Malaysia) .................................................................. P. cingulatus Loew, 1855

- Abdominal transverse bands often reduced, sometimes barely visible below dense yellow hairs or replaced by darkened hair patches (body including male terminalia: in Mason & Rozkošný 2005b) ( Indonesia: Sulawesi; Philippines and Australasian)................................................................................................................ P. complens ( Walker, 1858)

37 Vein R2+3 arising far before anterior crossvein, very short or indistinct ( Figs 44–45 ); relatively small species (6.3–7.2 mm) (body including male terminalia: figs 1–9 in Rozkošný & Kovac 1997 under P. minimus ) ( Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Ryukyu Is.) ( shirakii group) ............................................................................... P. shirakii Nagatomi, 1975

- R2+3 arising close to anterior crossvein, not confluent with R1 ( Figs 36–37 , 42–43 ); usually larger species ............. 38

38 Scutum at least partly black with metallic blue reflections; dark area never confined only to median prescutellar area and scutellum ( longipennis group, part) .................................................................................................................... 39

- Scutum uniformly yellow to yellowish brown; if partly metallic green, then dark area confined to median prescutellar area and scutellum ................................................................................................................................................ 42

39 Wing apex distinctly infumated; wings conspicously elongate ................................................................................ 40

- Wing apex not infumated; wings not conspicuously elongate................................................................................... 41

40 Medial process of male genital capsule very slender, formed of two rodlike and pointed projections (visible even in situ; heads and male terminalia: figs 1–6 in Rozkošný & Kovac, 1994); abdominal pattern very variable though usu-

ally consisting of transverse bands (from India to the Philippines, Indonesia and East Malaysia) ................................ ............................................................................................................................... P. longipennis ( Wiedemann, 1824) - Medial process of synsternite of another shape; yellow abdominal pattern confined to anterior and posterior corners of tergites (abdomen and male terminalia: figs 9–12 in Rozkošný 2002) ( Indonesia: Sumatra).................................... ........................................................................................................................................ P. violaceus ( Enderlein, 1914)

41 Hind femur completely yellow; male unknown ( India, Laos, Malaysia) ........................ P. assamensis Brunetti, 1923

- Hind femur with a dark medial ring and a broad ventral streak in basal half (abdomen and male terminalia figs 1–5 in Rozkošný & De Jong 2001) ( Indonesia: Sumatra, Malaysia, Thailand) ............... P. aeneithorax De Meijere, 1919

42 Wing apex infumated ( Fig. 42 ), fore and mid tarsomeres not annulated ( longipennis group, part)........................... 43

- Wing apex not infumated ( Fig. 36 ); if rarely infumated than fore and mid tarsomeres markedly annulated ( australis group)......................................................................................................................................................................... 44

43 Scutum and scutellum yellowish brown, with bronze to violet reflections, distinctly darker than yellow pleura; large species (14.2 mm) (male terminalia: figs. 6–11 in Rozkošný & Kovac 2003) ( Nepal and Laos) ................................. ....................................................................................................................... P. longispinus Rozkošný & Kovac, 2003

- Entire thorax uniformly ochre yellow; small species (7.5 mm) (male terminalia: figs 5–8 in Rozkošný 2002) ( Indonesia: Sumatra, Java; East Malaysia) ............................................................................ P. sumatranus Enderlein, 1914

44 Fore and mid tarsomeres markedly annulated with black and yellow (fore tarsus, abdomen and male terminalia: fig. 1–5 in original decription) ( Malaysia) ............................................................. P. annulipes Rozkošný & Kovac, 2003

- Fore and mid tarsomeres not annulated .................................................................................................................... 45

45 Lower half of frontal callus markedly darkened (body including male terminalia: figs. 28–32 in Rozkošný & De Jong 2001) (from India to Japan: Ryukyu Is., Taiwan and Indonesia: Java) ................. P. vulpianus ( Enderlein, 1914)

- Frontal callus completely pale ................................................................................................................................... 46

46 Males .......................................................................................................................................................................... 47

- Females ...................................................................................................................................................................... 52

47 Surstyli not developed ( Fig. 11 ) ................................................................................................................................ 48

- Surstyli well developed (visible even in situ) ( Figs 1 , 4 ) ........................................................................................... 49

48 Gonocoxites (posterolateral parts of genital capsule) without conspicuous inner dorsal prominences but with slender inner ventral processes (see figs 13–15 in original description) ( Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia: Sumatra) ................ ...................................................................................................................... P. subaustralis Rozkošný & Kovac, 1998

- Gonocoxites with bilobed inner dorsal prominence; inner ventral processes replaced by a small bilobed medial projection (male terminalia: Figs 15–18 ) ( Laos).................................................................................... P. kubani sp. nov.

49 Medial process at posterior margin of genital capsule large....................................................................................... 50

- Medial process at posterior margin of genital capsule indistinct or small ( Fig. 3 )..................................................... 51

50 Medial process of genital capsule subquadrate, with a deep medial incision, aedeagal complex massive, bipartite (figs 6 and 7 in Rozkošný & Hauser 1998 under P. ceylonicus ) (from India and Sri Lanka to Vietnam and Cambodia) .................................................................................................................... P. srilankai Rozkošný & Hauser, 2001

- Medial process of genital capsule consisting of two slender, slightly convergent processes (male terminalia: Figs 8–10 ) (South China) .................................................................................................................. P. fukienensis sp. nov.

51 Surstylus markedly dilated in apical half (abdomen and male terminalia: figs 8–12 in Rozkošný & Hauser 1998) .... .............................................................................................................................................. P. australis Schiner, 1868

- Surstylus rod-like, pointed apically (male terminalia: Fig. 1–3 ) ( Philippines) ................ P. artocarpophilus sp. nov.

52 Basal half of hind basitarsus black .......................................................................................................................... 53

- Only extreme base of hind basitarsus black .............................................................................................................. 54

53 Median prescutellar area and greater part of scutellum dark and metallic green (female terminalia: Figs 31–33 ), male unknown ( Nepal).................................................................................................................. P. semimetallicus sp. nov.

- Scutum and scutellum uniformly yellow or yellowish brown (from India and Sri Lanka to Japan: Ryukyu Is; Taiwan and Indonesia: Krakatau Is.) ................................................................................................ P. australis Schiner, 1868

54 Visible parts of tergites 6 and 7 wholly yellow (from India and Sri Lanka to Vietnam and Cambodia)........................ .......................................................................................................................... P. srilankai Rozkošný & Hauser, 2001

- Visible parts of tergites 6 and 7 with black pattern ( Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia: Sumatra) ..................................... ...................................................................................................................... P. subaustralis Rozkošný & Kovac, 1998

Figures

FIGURES 28 – 30. Ptecticus infuscatus sp. nov., female terminalia in dorsal view (28), ventral view (29) and genital furca (30). Scale: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 19 – 21. Ptecticus sarawakensis sp. nov., male terminalia. 19, lateral view. 20, epandrium, proctiger and cerci. 21, genital capsule, gonostyli and aedeagal complex. Scale: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 4 – 7. Ptecticus bannapensis sp. nov., male terminalia. 4, lateral view. 5, epandrium, proctiger and cerci. 6, genital capsule and gonostyli. 7, aedeagal complex. Scale: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 34 – 41. 34 – 35. Ptecticus aurifer (Walker), right wing (34) and medial part of costal margin (35). Scale: 5 mm (34); 1 mm (35). 36 – 37. Ptecticus australis Schiner, right wing (36) and medial part of costal margin (37). Scale: 5 mm (36). 38 – 39. Ptecticus cingulatus Loew, right wing (38) and medial part of costal margin (39). Scale: 5 mm (38); 1 mm (39). 40 – 41. Ptecticus proximus Rozkošný & Kovac (histrio group), right wing (40) and medial part of costal margin (41). Scale: 5 mm (40); 0.5 mm (41). See introduction for abbreviations.

FIGURES 42 – 49. 42 – 43. Ptecticus longipennis (Wiedemann), right wing (42) and medial part of costal margin (43). Scale: 5 mm (42); 0.5 mm (43). 44 – 45. Ptecticus shirakii Nagatomi, right wing (44) and medial part of costal margin (45). Scale: 2 mm (44); 0.5 mm (45). 46 – 47. Ptecticus japonicus (Thunberg), right wing (46) and medial part of costal margin (47). Scale: 5 mm (46); 1 mm (47). 48 – 49. Ptecticus tricolor van der Wulp, right wing (48) and medial part of costal margin (49). Scale: 5 mm (48); 1 mm (49).

FIGURES 25 – 27. Ptecticus elegans sp. nov., female terminalia in dorsal view (25), ventral view (26) and genital furca (27). Scale: 0.5 mm. For abbreviations see material and methods.

FIGURES 11 – 14. Ptecticus indicus sp. nov., male terminalia. 11, lateral view. 12, epandrium, proctiger and cerci. 13, genital capsule and gonostyli. 14, aedeagal complex. Scale: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 1 – 3. Ptecticus artocarpophilus sp. nov., male terminalia. 1, lateral view. 2, epandrium, proctiger and cerci. 3, genital capsule, gonostyli and aedeagal complex. Scale: 0.5 mm. For abbreviations see material and methods.

FIGURES 15 – 18. Ptecticus kubani sp. nov., male terminalia. 15, epandrium, proctiger and cerci. 16, lateral view. 17, gonostyli and distal margin of genital capsule, ventral view. 18, genital capsule, gonostyli and aedeagal complex, dorsal view. Scale: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 8 – 10. Ptecticus fukienensis sp. nov., male terminalia. 8, lateral view. 9, epandrium, proctiger and cerci. 10, genital capsule, gonostyli and aedeagal complex. Scale: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 31 – 33. Ptecticus semimetallicus sp. nov., female terminalia in dorsal view (31), ventral view (32) and genital furca (33). Scale: 0.5 mm.