Psorodonotus tendurek Kaya, Korkmaz & Çıplak, 2013

Kaya, Sarp, Korkmaz, E. Mahir & Çiplak, Battal, 2013, Psorodonotus venosus group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae; Tettigoniinae): geometric morphometry revealed two new species in the group, Zootaxa 3750 (1), pp. 37-56 : 51-52

Psorodonotus tendurek Kaya, Korkmaz & Çıplak sp. n.

( Figs 1 , 6 , 10, 16 , 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 57–61, 62, 66; Tables 1 –5)

Material examined. Holoype. Male; TURKEY—Van, Tendürek Mts, 39°23.348" N, 43° 56.011 E, 2412 m, 17.07.2011 (Coll. B. Çıplak, S. Kaya, E.M. Korkmaz & D. Chobanov) (AUZM); Paratypes. 11 males and 7 females; same data as holotype.

Diagnosis. This new species belongs to the Venosus Group and within this species group shows affinities with P. rugulosus and P. hakkari sp.n. as indicated by the slender and the long male cerci and comparatively less rugose pronotal disc of the female. Most of the linear metric analysis and geometric morphometric analyses of male cerci places the new species with P. rugulosus in a cluster, but that of ovipositor suggested it as an independent cluster within the Venosus Group. Additionally, P. tendurek sp.n. differs from P. rugulosus by the longer pronotum, hind femur and ovipositor. P. tendurek sp. n. and P. rugulosus are similar in song pattern by having two loud elements in a syllable, however, they differ in temporal parameters such as durations of syllable, second and fourth element of syllable. Genetic data were not presented here, but, genetic data suggest that P. tendurek is a sister species to P. hakkari sp. n. in a separate phylogroup with P. rugulosus . P. tendurek sp. n. differs from its sister species P. hakkari sp. n. by the relatively robust ovipositor and incurved male cerci. Genetic data also support its uniqueness.

Etymology. Named after its type locality Tendürek Mountains located between Ağrı and Van Provinces of Turkey.

Description

Male (holotype). Medium sized for the genus, over medium sized for the group. Fastigium of vertex rounded, roughly 4–6 times as wide as scapus.

Thorax. Pronotum ( Fig. 10 ) long, at least one and half of first tibia, gradually widened backward; disc of pronotum flattened and depressed in the beginning of metazona, with rounded lateral margins, widely rounded hind margin and distinct tubercles in whole surface; paranotal lobes with weak tubercles; tegmina reach to mid of third abdominal tergite and covered by pronotum up to its half ( Figs 10 , 22). The stridulatory file has comparatively dense pegs, gradually increasing in size from the base and becoming largest in the middle of the file, the peg number varies between 147 and 178. Hind femora reach to tip of the abdomen ( Fig. 6 A).

Abdomen. Cerci (Fig. 34) comparatively long for the group; with a short and apically incurved tooth; wide prior to tooth, but getting narrow after it; widely incurved distal to tooth. Tenth tergite (Fig. 28) transverse and with a wide medial projection. Subgenital plate as in genus, with a shallow triangular incision and rounded apical lobes, styli small. Titillators (Fig. 40) as in species group, basal arms almost twice of apical arms and apical arms with spines along a margin dorsally.

Colouration. General colouration pale olive green. Dorsum of head and disk of pronotum blackish olive green. Paranota dark olive green dorsally and dirty yellow or greenish yellow at margins. Tegmina brown with yellow veins. Femora and tibiae olive green, hind femur blackish green dorsally, tarsi reddish. Abdomen pale dark olive-green. Cerci yellowish brown.

Song. Male calling song consists of irregular or partially regular (during a continuum singing) syllable series ( Fig. 62 A). Each syllables consists of 4 elements, the first and the third elements are noisy, and the second and fourth are loud ( Fig. 62 B). Syllable duration ranges between 85.57 and 134.17 (mean 109.72) ms. Duration of second element is 15.76–29.30 (mean 23.50) ms and consists of 11–27 (mean 17.93) impulses. Fourth element of syllable last 21.00–47.90 (mean 35.93) ms and contains 16–37 (mean 25.28) impulses ( Figs 62 , 66 ; Tables 5, 6).

Female. Disc of pronotum ( Figs 6 B, 16) with rounded lateral margins, slightly swollen in prozona, flattened and widened in metazona, with a concave hind margin; its surface with less prominent tubercles when compared to male. Pronotal lateral plates as in male. Tegmina fully covered by pronotum, reduced to scale-like appendages. Hind femora do not extend to end of abdomen ( Fig. 6 B). Subgenital (Fig. 52) plate short, incised medially at hind margin with rounded apical lobes slightly narrowing apicalward. Ovipositor (Fig. 46) robust when compared to other members of the group; long, roughly twice of pronotum in length. Colouration: totally olive green, with black spots at the base of abdominal terga, tarsi reddish as in male.

Distribution. The new species occurs in alpine zone of the Tendürek Mts. Located between Ağrı and Van provinces in north-east Turkey ( Fig. 1 ).

TABLE 5. Song parameters (transformed according to 25o C) of populations belonging to P. venosus group (N: number of individuals, n: number of measurements, mean ± sd, minimum-maximum)

Population N Syllable duration Duration of second Impulse number Duration of Impulse number n (ms) element per second element fourth element per fourth element 6 109.72±13.74 23.50±3.43 17.93±3.79 35.93±6.98 25.28±4.09

Tendürek 122 (85.57-134.17) (15.76-29.30) (11-27) (21.00-47.90) (16-37)

5 64.55±3.77 13.86±1.07 14.84±2.79 21.07±2.60 18.18±3.54

Giresun 160 (49.38-70.39) (10.21-15.22) (7-21) (9.17-25.18) (6-25)

9 148.06±17.59 80.22±15.00 35.68±6.95

Ağrı 135 (124.19-195.59) NA NA (55-112) (19-52)

6 166.87±11.27 95.83±11.32 58.55±9.50

Artvin 110 (146.04-207.01) NA NA (76.98-119) (40-80)

4 117.34±8.11 65.82±8.09 36.92±3.61

Kars 40 (100.74-153.83) NA NA (74.26-54.28) (30-44) ***P<0.0001, SD: Syllable Duration, DFPS: Duration of fourth element of sylable, INFPS: Impulse number of fourth element of syllable.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the Venosus Group and populations studied. Distribution of subspecies P. venosus venosus, P. venosus cryptus, P. venosus zangezuri and P. venosus brunneri are according to Stolyarov (1983).

FIGURES 5 – 8. Photos of the Venosus Group (A male and B female). 5 — Hakkari, 6 — Tendürek, 7 — Giresun, 8 — Artvin.

FIGURES 9 – 20. 9 – 14. Male pronotum (A dorsal view, B lateral view, scale: 5 mm). 9 — Hakkari, 10 — Tendürek, 11 — Giresun, 12 — Artvin, 13 — Kars, 14 — Ağrı. Female pronotum (A dorsal view, B lateral view, scale: 5 mm). 15 — Hakkari, 16 — Tendürek, 17 — Giresun, 18 — Artvin, 19 — Kars, 20 — Ağrı.

FIGURES 62 – 64. Song of different populations in the Venosus Group (A a syllable sequence; B elements per syllable). 62 — Tendürek, 63 - Giresun, 64 — Artvin.

FIGURES 65 – 66. 65. Song of different populations in the Venosus Group (A a syllable sequence; B elements per syllable). Ağrı; 66. Plots for three temporal song parameters (A syllable duration, B duration of fourth element, C impulse number per fourth element)