Pseudomontanococcus martini Kozár and Konczné Benedicty, 2008

Kozár, Ferenc, Benedicty, Zsuzsanna Konczné & Hodgson, Chris, 2008, A new felt scale genus (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha; Eriococcidae) from Papua New Guinea, with descriptions of two new species, Zootaxa 1934, pp. 47-62 : 49-57

Pseudomontanococcus martini Kozár and Konczné Benedicty sp. nov.

( Fig 1 )

Type material. Holotype, Papua New Guinea: adult female: Mt. Wilhelm (ca 4270 m), from moss and litter under Astelia papuana (Liliaceae) , 13.ix.1968, NG-M-B 118, collected by Berlese funnel by Dr. J. Balogh, deposited in PPI.

Paratypes: Papua New Guinea: 1 adult female with same data as for holotype (PPI); one adult female plus 1 adult male on same slide, data as for holotype but from litter under Papuapteris papuana (Dryopteridae) , by Berlese funnel, NG-M-B 117 ( BMNH); one adult female + two 2nd -instar male nymphs on two slides, as for holotype but collected on 19.ix.1968, from moss by Berlese funnel, NG-M-B 125 (PPI); 1 2nd - instar male nymph and 1 2nd -instar female nymph on two slides, data as for holotype, by Berlese funnel from moss and litter under Coprosma divergens (Rubiaceae) bushes, NG-M-B 119, 120 (PPI); 1 2nd -instar female nymph, as for holotype but collected under Styphelia suaveolens (Epacridaceae) bushes from moss and litter by Berlese funnel, 13.ix.1968, NG-M-B 116 (PPI); 5 2nd -instar female nymphs + 2nd -instar male nymphs on three slides, as for holotype but collected from moss at 4400-4500 m, 6.viii.1969 (PPI).

Adult female ( Fig. 1 )

Described from four specimens. Data for non-holotype specimens given in brackets.

Mounted specimens. Body elongate oval, 1.347 (1.295–1.502) mm long, 0.673 (0. 673–0.906 wide). Antennae 6 segmented, segment lengths (Μm) I 43 (42–50), II 36 (35–38), III 38 (36–44), IV 14 (6–14), V 18 (11–20), VI 28 (22–28); antennal segments with few setae; segment II with a sensory pore; segment III not tapered, partially divided due to pseudosegmentation in middle; two preapical segments each 36–40 (30–43) Μm long with a falcate sensory seta; apical segment with apical seta 62 (63–72) Μm long, plus 3 sensory falcate setae, each 58 (54–62) Μm long. Frontal tubercle or lobe absent. Eye present on margin.

Venter. Labium 84 (76–84) Μm long; with a total of 6 pairs of setae, all spinose; basal segment weakly developed with 1 pair of setae. Legs long and well-developed (lengths in Μm), anterior legs: coxa 58 (58–65), trochanter 48 (41–48), femur 101 (101–120), tibia 72 (72–84), tarsus 74 (72–78), claw 30 (28–30); middle legs: coxa 58 (58–73), trochanter 48 (44–52), femur 106 (99–117), tibia 70 (70–79), tarsus 74 (72–81), claw 30 (28–31); posterior legs: coxa 72 (70–75), trochanter 48 (46–49), femur 101 (101–120), tibia 79 (79–86), tarsus 79 (68–84), claw 32 (31–32); tarsal digitules knobbed, each 38 (38–45), claw digitules each 28 (26–30) and slightly knobbed. All coxae with spinulae on anterior surface; posterior coxae with numerous small, translucent pores along outer margin on posterior surface. Claws without a denticle. Legs each with a few spinose setae, and with a sensory pore on each tarsus. Spiracles each with a large group of pores in atrium; diameter of anterior peritreme 17 (17–22) µm. Multilocular pores each 5 (4–5) µm in diameter, with 5–9 loculi, mostly 7, forming a wide submedian band on all segments and extending onto anal lobes. Abdomen with a few large lanceolate setae, plus several small spinose setae. Cruciform pores absent. Microtubular ducts present, sparse in a submarginal band. Macrotubular ducts present on all segments; each duct with inner ductule shorter than half-total length; inner ductule with a flower-like terminal gland. Vulva unclear. Each anal lobe with a large spinose suranal seta, 53 (53–72) Μm long, a short spinose ventral seta 26 (26–33) Μm long, plus a long flagellate seta in submarginal position, latter 118 (115–122) Μm long. An area of weak sclerotisation present submedially on segment VII.

Dorsum. Dorsal setae conical and spinose; of two sizes: largest setae on margin, with 1 on each side of each abdominal segment, each 27–34 Μm long; plus 4–12 spines medially on each segment forming a longitudinal median band, each 20–25 Μm long. Shorter setae, each 9–17 µm long, present in a sparse row on all segments. Macrotubular ducts numerous, each 30–32 Μm long and 3 Μm wide. Microtubular ducts each 8–9 µm long, and less than 1 Μm wide, with a bilocular inner end; scattered among dorsal setae, and with 1–3 present at base of all large spines. Anal ring unclear but 42–45 Μm wide, 40–46 Μm long, with a sparse row of pores along outer margin; with six long setae, each 116–130 Μm long. Anal lobes sclerotised, 161 (144–168) µm long and 137 (135–137) µm wide, with a spinose seta on both inner and outer margins, inner seta 19 (19–22) µm long, outer seta 22 (22–29) Μm long, plus an apical seta 38 (broken?) µm long; entire dorsal surface of each anal lobe covered with sclerotised protuberances, each with an associated microtubular duct; inner margin of each lobe with sclerotised teeth. Cauda present, 16–18 µm wide, about twice as long as wide. An area of dense sclerotisation present submedially on segment VII.

Comment. P. m a r t i n i differs from P. baloghi in having (character-states on latter species in brackets): (i) only one large spine on margin of each abdominal segment (two), (ii) trochanter with aone flagellate seta and one spinose seta (both flagellate), and (iii) most dorsal spinose setae having 2 or 3 associated microtubular ducts (occasionally 1 on P. baloghi ).

Etymology. The new species is named after Dr. Jon Martin ( UK) in acknowledgement of his scale insect collecting efforts, which have yielded several important new taxa in Eriococcidae .

Adult male (Fig. 2)

Described from 1 specimen.

Mounted specimen. Apterous; quite small, total-body length about 1.03 mm; antennae short, each about 1/3rd total-body length; body setose, with a mixture of fleshy setae (fs) and hair-like setae (hs), these often difficult to separate (fs tending to be curved, rather parallel-sided, and not broadening at base; in addition, socket tending to be wider; hs tending to be sharply bent or almost straight, narrowing to a fine point (often flagellate) and broadening at base; their basal socket also tending to be narrower and more obvious); hs very variable in size; fs and hs also present on antennae and legs; with only 1 pair of loculate pores, each with several loculi, present dorsally on head anterior to each dorsal simple eye; no other pores present. Constriction between head and thorax distinct, but none present between thorax and abdomen. Thorax and abdomen membranous apart from penial sheath; glandular pouches and glandular pouch setae absent but with some large hs present on margin of segment VIII. Legs well developed and hirsute. Penial sheath with a distinct constriction about half-way along length.

Head. Roundly oval in shape; length about 160 μm, width across genae about 220 μm. Median crest absent both dorsally and ventrally; lateral arms also absent; preoccipital ridge (por) poorly defined, indicated by a series of diverging, shallow dermal ridges; with (on each side) 3 fs + 10 hs dorsal head setae (dhs) + 1 quite large loculate pore (about 6 μm widest, with about 5 or 6 odd-shaped loculi) just anterior to each dorsal simple eye. Hair-like setae (hs) variable in size, longest about 55 μm long; most fleshy setae (fs) about 30 μm long. Dorsal and ventral midcranial ridges absent. Genae (g) not reticulated; each with 5 hs and 4 fs genal setae dorsolaterally. Eyes: with two pairs of round, simple eyes; dorsal eyes (dse) placed slightly more anterolaterally than ventral simple eyes (vse); both dse and vse 25–27 μm wide. Ocelli (o) pronounced, situated rather dorsally, quite large and oval, each about 17 μm long and 8 μm wide; not quite touching postocular ridge (pocr) posteriorly. Ocular sclerite (ocs) lightly sclerotised; faintly reticulated; more dorsal and lateral reticulations each generally with a central cone-like structure; those around vse more elongate and microridges appearing more as dots. Preocular ridge (procr) very short or poorly developed. Postocular ridge (pocr) strongly developed, extending antero-laterally from posterior to each dorsal simple eye past each ocellus and then postero-laterally to near mouth. Interocular ridges absent. Dorsal ocular setae absent. Ventral midcranial ridge setae (vmcrs) plus ventral head setae (vhs) extending all around vse, with, on each side about 15 fs + 12 hs, some of latter quite long. Preoral ridge absent. Cranial apophysis probably about 45 μm long, with a single blunt apex.

Antennae: 9 segmented; length 355 μm. Scape (scp) 50 μm long, 65 μm wide, with 1 or 2 fs + 5 hs. Pedicel (pdc): length 50 μm, width 65 μm; without concentric ridges on distal end; with about 15 setae, mainly fs, + a campaniform pore. Segment III very narrow basally near Johnston’s Organ and then broadening rapidly; width about 60 μm widest; segments IV–VIII similar to pedicel but not as narrow proximally, each about 60 μm widest: fs each 30–35 μm long, hs about 35 μm long; lengths of segments (μm): III 58, IV–VIII 40 –43, IX 45. Approximate number of setae per segment: III–VIII about 15, mostly fs; segment VIII with a large antennal bristle (ab) near apex; IX about 20 fs, 5 hs + 3 ab; capitate setae absent.

Thorax. Apterous, and therefore thorax and abdomen membranous and fused but segmentation clear. All thoracic segments with bands of setae dorsally, mainly hs, those near margin longest, each up to 85 μm long but most hs about 30–35 μm long; fs about 30–35 μm long. Prothorax dorsally with fairly well-developed pronotal ridge (prnr) but not fused dorsally; pronotal sclerite (prn) represented by a dorsolateral widening of prnr; lateral pronotal setae absent, all setae located medially and probably equivalent to medial pronotal setae (mpns). Ventrally with 2 pairs of long hs + 2 pairs fs, probably equivalent to prosternal setae (stn1s). Prosternum absent. Meso- and metathorax without sclerites; meso- and metasternal apophyses distinct. Mesothorax ventrally with a large group of setae around spiracle and across segment, mostly fs; metathorax with two smaller groups medially (probably equating to anterior and posterior metasternal setae); marginal areas of all thoracic segments mainly without setae. Spiracles: width of mesothoracic (sp2) peritreme 28–30 μm; metathoracic (sp3): peritreme 30 μm.

Legs. Subequal in length, broad and strong. Lengths (μm): coxae (cx) I 112; II 120; III 125; setae of coxa III: about 13 fs + 6 hs; long seta on each coxa not differentiated but about 35 μm long. Trochanter (tr) + femur (fm): I 203; II 200; III 210; trochanter III with 2 fs + 6 hs; each trochanter with 3 oval sensoria in a groove on each side; long trochanter seta not differentiated; femur III with about 23 setae, setal type hard to differentiate. Tibia (ti): I 135; II 145; III 140; tibia III with many setae, mainly hs, a few becoming spur-like on distal third of leg; all legs with 2 distal spinose spurs (tibs) on each tibia; length of longest 35–37 μm. Tarsi (ta) 2 segmented (length of both segments combined): I 100; II 90; III 93 μm long (ratio of length of tibia III to length of tarsus III 1:0.66); tarsus III with many setae, mainly spur-like; tarsal spurs setose, about 55 μm long; tarsal campaniform pore present; tarsal digitules (tdt) capitate, significantly longer than claw. Claws (c) long and thin, subequal in length to width of tarsus, slightly curved, without a denticle; length: III: 40 μm; claw digitules (cdt) each capitate, long and thin.

Abdomen Membranous throughout, shape similar to thoracic segments but narrower; dorsal abdominal setae (ads) and dorsal pleural setae (dps) similar to those on thorax but former slightly less frequent but with more fs; ventral abdominal setae (avs) and ventral pleural setae (vpls) few. Caudal extensions on segment VII absent. Segment VIII with a short and rounded caudal extension (ce), without either glandular pouches or glandular pouch setae, but with a large group of fs + about 4 long hs in pleural position, longest about 75 μm long.

Genital segment: segment IX + penial sheath (ps) longer than broad, length from anterior border to apex: 150 μm, width across anterior margin 125 μm; divided into anterior broad basal section (probably equating to segment IX) and narrower, pointed posterior part, penial sheath proper. Anterior section dorsally with anal (an) opening, about 17 μm wide, and with 0 or 1 fs; dermal surface ventrally with spinulae. Penial sheath (ps) with (on each side of anus) about 8 fs (each about 50 μm long), plus two strong hs, outer about 40 μm long, inner about 60 μm long; ventrally with a line of 3–5 hs along anterior margin, each about 35–40 μm long. Aedeagus (aed) parallel-sided, blade-like, about 83 μm long and about 12 μm wide; basal rod (bra) short but distinct. Apex of penial sheath with a few small sensoria along margins.

Comment. The adult male of P. m a r t i n i is a fairly typical eriococcid apterous male, as far as our knowledge goes. It has simple eyes and ocelli, antennae more than 3 segmented, clubbed claw and tarsal digitules, claws rather broad basally and it has tibial spurs. In comparison, the apterous male of Pseudochermes fraxini FIGURE 2. Pseudomontanococcus martini Kozár and Konczné Benedicty sp. n., adult male. Where A = loculate pore; B = cranial apophysis; D = microridges on dorsal surface of ocular sclerite; D = hair-like seta; E = microridges on ventral surface of ocular sclerite; F = fleshy seta; G = distal end of metathoracic leg; ab = antennal bristle; ads = dorsal abdominal setae; aed = aedeagus; an = anus; avs = ventral abdominal setae; bra = basal rod; c = claw; ce = caudal extension on segment abdominal VIII; cdt = claw digitule; cx = coxa; dhs = dorsal head setae; dps = dorsal pleural setae; dse = dorsal simple eye; fem = femur; fs = fleshy seta; g = gena; hs = hair-like seta; mpns = median pronotal setae; o = ocellus; pdc = pedicel; prn = pronotal sclerite; prnr = pronotal ridge; pocr = postocular ridge; por = postoccipital ridge; procr = preocular ridge; ps = penial sheath; scp = scape; sp2 = anterior spiracle; sp3 = posterior spiracle; stn1s = prosternal setae; ta = tarsus; tdt = tarsal digitules; ti = tibia; vhs = ventral head setae; vmcrs = ventral midcranial ridge setae; vps = ventral pleural setae; vse = ventral simple eye,.

(Kalt.) appears even more female like, with no cervical constriction or pronotal ridge, no ridges or sclerites on the head and the abdomen tapers to the penial sheath (Afifi, 1969). In having the latter characters (a cervical contriction, pronotal ridge and distinct ocular ridges, and ocular sclerite), the adult male of P. martini bears some general resemblance to the brachypterous males of Gossyparia spuria (Mod.) and G. salicicola Borchsenius (Afifi, 1969) , although the latter do have a sclerotised mesothorax, short wings, and glandular pouches.

Second-instar female ( Fig. 3 ).

Described from two specimens.

Mounted specimens. Body elongate oval, 0.742–0.782 mm long, 0.433–0.484 wide. Antennae 6 segmented, segment lengths (Μm): I 37 – 41, II 24–28, III 19– 20, IV 10–12, V 17, VI 22–25; each segment with few setae; segment II with one sensory pore; segments IV & V each with a falcate sensory seta 26–32 Μm long; apical segment with three sensory falcate setae, each 35–39 Μm long; apical seta 48–50 Μm long. Frontal tubercle or lobe absent. Eye visible on margin.

Venter. Labium 48–50 Μm long; with a total of 6 pairs of setae, all spinose, basal segment with one pair of setae. Stylet loop reaching metacoxae. Legs long and well-developed (lengths in Μm), anterior legs: coxae 43, trochanter 39–41, femur 68–75, tibia 55–56, tarsus 58–59, claw 20–21; middle legs: coxae 43–46, trochanter 35–40, femur 71–75, tibia 51–55, tarsus 54–57, claw 20–22; hind legs: coxae 45–50, trochanter 33–34, femur 72–76, tibia 55–57, tarsus 55–60, claw 22–25; tarsal digitules knobbed, each 30–39, claw digitules each 20– 22 and slightly knobbed. All coxae with spinulae on anterior surface; posterior coxae also with some translucent pores on posterior surface. Tarsi each with a sensory pore. Claw without a denticle. Legs with a few spinose setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles similar, each with a group of seven-locular pores in atrium; diameter of anterior peritreme 12 Μm. Multilocular pores mostly with 7 loculi (range 5–9), each pore 4 µm in diameter; scattered in a submedian band extending on to ventral anal lobe, and present submedially on head and near mouthparts. Abdomen with a few spinose, hair-like setae, plus several spine-like setae. Cruciform pores absent. Microtubular ducts few, present in a submarginal band. Macrotubular ducts absent. Each anal lobe with a large spinose suranal seta 38–48 Μm long, a short spinose ventral seta medially 17 Μm long, and a long flagellate seta on outer submargin, 107–113 Μm long.

Dorsum. Dorsal setae conical and spinose, of two sizes: largest setae on margin, robust, with 1 on margin of each segment, each 22–23 Μm long, plus 2–6 medially on each segment in a median longitudinal line, each 18–20 Μm long. Short spinose setae, each 6–7 µm long, scattered in two longitudinal submedian rows, each row with 1 or 2 per segment. Macrotubular ducts absent. Microtubular ducts each 8–9 µm long, and less than 1 Μm wide, with a bilocular inner end; scattered among dorsal setae, and with 1 to 3 usually present at base of each larger spine. Anal ring unclear, 34–38 Μm wide, 28–30 Μm long, with a row of pores along outer margin; with 6 long flagellate setae, each about 72 Μm long. Anal lobes sclerotized, each 87 (80–87) µm long; and 89 (77–89) µm wide, with a spinose seta on both inner and outer margins, inner seta 14–16 µm long, outer seta 24–26 Μm long, plus a longer apical seta, 24–26 Μm long. Anal lobes covered by sclerotized protuberances; inner margin with sclerotised teeth. Cauda present medially at base of anal lobes, 13 µm wide, about twice as long as wide.

Comment. The second-instar female differs from the second-instar male in the absence of macrotubular ducts, the presence of translucent pores on the posterior coxae, and the shorter sensory setae on the apical segment of the antennae.

Second-instar male ( Fig. 4 ).

Described from three specimens.

Mounted specimens. Body elongate oval, 0.742–0.834 mm long, 0.433–0.505 wide. Antenna 6 segmented, segment lengths (Μm): I 35 – 38, II 27–30, III 18– 21, IV 10–14, V 10– 15, VI 22–24; each with few setae; segment II with a sensory pore; segments IV & V each with a falcate sensory seta 24–38 Μm long; apical segment with three sensory falcate setae, each 54–59 Μm long; apical seta 59–65 Μm long. Frontal tubercle or lobe absent. Eye visible on margin.

Venter. Labium 57–63 Μm long; with a total of 6 pairs of setae, all spinose; basal segment with one pair of setae. Stylet loop reaching metacoxae. Legs long and well-developed (lengths in Μm): front legs: coxae 39– 44, trochanter 38–40, femur 75–80, tibia 56–59, tarsus 59–60, claw 22; middle legs: coxae 40–44, trochanter 40–44, femur 73–75, tibia 55–57, tarsus 57–60, claw 20; hind legs coxae 45–48, trochanter 38–42, femur 77– 80, tibia 57–60, tarsus 60–67, claw 23; tarsal digitules knobbed, each 28–34, claw digitules each 21–22 and slightly knobbed. All coxae with spinulae on anterior surface; posterior coxae without translucent pores on posterior surface. Claw without a denticle. Legs with few spinose setae; each tarsus with a sensory pore. Spiracles similar, both with a group of 7-locular pores in atrium; diameter of anterior peritreme 12–14 µm.

Multilocular pores with 5–9 loculi, mostly 7, each pore about 4 µm in diameter; in a sparse submedian band. Abdomen with a few flagellate setae, plus several spinose setae. Cruciform pores absent. Microtubular and macrotubular ducts sparse, in a submarginal band. Each anal lobe with a large, spinose suranal seta 36–43 Μm long, a shorter ventral spinose seta medially 17–22 Μm long, and a long flagellate seta near outer submargin, 97–100 Μm long.

Dorsum. Dorsal setae conical and spinose, of two sizes: largest setae robust, in a marginal row, with 1 large seta on each segment, each 23–26 Μm long, plus 2–6 medially on each segment, forming a median longitudinal band, each seta 17–19 Μm long. Shorter setae each 7 µm long, with 2–6 on most segments. Macrotubular ducts 16 µm long; present in bands on all segments. Microtubular ducts each 8 µm long, and less than 1 Μm wide, with a bilocular inner end; scattered among dorsal setae, and usually with 1–3 present at base of larger spines. Anal ring unclear, 24–31 Μm wide and 29–30 Μm long, with a sparse row of pores along outer margin and with 6 flagellate setae, each 67–76 Μm long. Each anal lobe sclerotized, 71 (70–72) µm long and 79 (72–79) µm wide, with a spinose seta on both inner and outer margins, inner seta 14–16 µm long, outer seta 14–17 Μm long, plus an apical seta 25–31 µm long. Anal lobes with some sclerotized protuberances, and inner margin of lobes with sclerotised teeth. Cauda present, 12–14 µm wide, about twice as long as wide.

Comment. For comparison with second-instar male, see under comments for the second-instar female of P. m a r t i n i above.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pseudomontanococcus martini Kozár and Konczné Benedicty sp. n., adult female.

FIGURE 3. Pseudomontanococcus martini Kozár and Konczné Benedicty sp. n., second-instar female nymph.

FIGURE 4. Pseudomontanococcus martini Kozár and Konczné Benedicty sp. n., second-instar male nymph.