Ploiaria stysi, Ishikawa & Susila & Okajima, 2008

Ishikawa, Tadashi, Susila, Wayan & Okajima, Shûji, 2008, Two new species of the emesine assassin bug genus Ploiaria (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Indonesia, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 48 (2), pp. 345-359 : 347-352

Ploiaria stysi Ishikawa & Okajima, sp. nov.

( Figs. 1-3 , 7-12 , 19-31 )

Type locality. Indonesia, Bali, Tabanan, near Wangaya, Pura Jero Sasah.

Type material. HOLOTYPE: J ( Figs. 1-3 , 7-12 , 19-22 ), ‘[INDONESIA] / Pura Jero Sasah, near / Wangaya, Tabanan , Bali, / 8˚22′09″S, 115˚06′25″E, / ca 900m alt., / 4.IX.2005, T. Ishizaki’ (e) ( TUA) . PARATYPES: INDONESIA: BALI: 1 J, Buleleng, Desa Melanting (a), ca 137 m alt., 30.viii.2005, T. Ishikawa ( TUA) ; 4 JJ, Tabanan, Mayunganlet (b), ca 1,110 m alt., 11.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa ( TUA) ; 14 JJ 6 ♀♀, Tabanan, Soka (c), ca 730 m alt., 13.viii.2005 ,

T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA, a pair in UU) ; 8 JJ 4 ♀♀, Tabanan , Soka (Batu Lumbang Temple) (c), ca 730 m alt., 14.iii.2005, T. Ishikawa & S. Okajima ( TUA) ; 1 J 2 ♀♀, Tabanan , Jatiluwih (d), 920 m alt., 2.ix.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA) ; 2 JJ, Tabanan , Jatiluwih (Peteri Temple) (d), ca 890 m alt., 13.viii.2005, T. Ishikawa ( TUA) ; 16 JJ 5 ♀♀, Tabanan, near Wangaya, Pura Jero Sasah (e), ca 900 m alt., 4.ix.2005, T. Ishikawa ( TUA, a pair in UU) ; 2 JJ 3 ♀♀, Tabanan , near Wangaya, Pura Jero Sasah (e), 930 m alt., 12.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA) ; 3 JJ 2 ♀♀, Tabanan , Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur (f), ca 780 m alt., 2.ix.2005, T. Ishikawa ( TUA) ; 7 JJ, Tabanan , Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur (f), 755 m alt., 11.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA) ; 2 JJ, Tabanan , Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur (f), 760 m alt., 3.ix.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA) ; 1 J 2 ♀♀, Tabanan , Muncak Sari, Pura Luhur (f), ca 780 m alt., 4.ix.2005, T. Ishikawa ( TUA) ; 19 JJ 8 ♀♀, Tabanan , Mt. Batukau, Pura Luhur Batukau (f), 13.xi.2004, K. Okajima ( TUA) ; 6 JJ 2 ♀♀, Tabanan, Bengkel, Salahan (g), ca 790 m alt., 3.ix.2005, T. Ishikawa & T. Ishizaki ( TUA) ; 4 JJ 3 ♀♀, Tabanan , Bengkel , Pura Batu Salahan (g), 680 m alt., 12.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA). FLORES: 1 J 1 ♀, Manggarai, Mano (h), 1,270 m alt., 26.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA) ; 1 ♀, Ngada , Aimere (j), 200 m alt., 27.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA) ; 1 J, Ngada , Wolobobo (k), 1,440 m alt., 28.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA) ; 1 ♀, Ende , Kamandaru (l), 250 m alt., 23.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA) ; 12 JJ 1 ♀, Ende , Nuabosi (m), 550 m alt., 23.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA) ; 10 JJ 8 ♀♀, Ende, Nuabosi (m), 550 m alt., 30.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA, a pair in UU) ; 2 JJ 1 ♀, Ende , Wolosoko (n), 660 m alt., 22.viii.2006, T. Ishikawa et al. ( TUA). All specimens are macropterous .

Description. Measurements (mm, J / ♀, holotype in parentheses). Body length – 12.5-14.7 / 14.0-16.0 (14.1). Head length – 1.10-12.3 / 1.19-1.24 (1.12), width across eyes – 0.66-0.74

/ 0.67-0.70 (0.69); interocular space – 0.37-0.39 / 0.36-0.40 (0.38); length of anteoculus – 0.42-0.44 / 0.42-0.47 (0.44), of postoculus – 0.44-0.54 / 0.52-0.54 (0.44); antenna length – 21.30-25.10 / 22.00-22.50 (24.70), lengths of antennal segments I – 9.85-11.35 / 10.25-10.35 (11.17), II – 7.80-9.40 / 8.15-8.30 (9.33), III – 1.95-2.32 / 1.98-2.03 (2.23) and IV – 1.70-2.00 / 1.67-1.73 (1.97); rostrum length – 1.15-1.28 / 1.17-1.31 (1.22), lengths of visible rostral segments I – 0.28-0.31 / 0.28-0.35 (0.29), II – 0.36-0.41 / 0.37-0.40 (0.39) and III – 0.51-0.56 / 0.52-0.56 (0.54). Length of pronotum – 1.80-2.03 / 1.99-2.17 (1.97); of mesonotum (including scutellum) – 1.36-1.51 / 1.52-1.65 (1.46); of metanotum – 0.38-0.48 / 0.43-0.45(0.42); width across humeri – 0.58-0.68 / 0.64-0.70 (0.63). Hemelytron length – 6.70-7.50 / 7.30-7.70 (7.20). Lengths of fore leg femur – 2.98-3.49 / 3.26-3.37 (3.40), tibia – 1.29-1.51 / 1.37-1.42 (1.47) and tarsus – 0.79-0.93 / 0.77-0.88 (0.91); of middle leg femur – 8.75-9.80 / 9.35-9.55 (9.40), tibia – 13.15-13.45 / 12.85-13.15 (13.40) and tarsus – 0.38-0.45 / 0.38-0.42 (0.44); of hind leg femur – 11.40-12.20 / 12.60-12.70 (12.00), tibia – 16.30-18.80 / 17.20-17.70 (18.00) and tarsus – 0.40-0.42 / 0.38-0.46 (0.42). Abdomen length – 7.55-9.20 / 8.90-9.50 (8.80).

Male (holotype, macropterous). Coloration. Body dark brown to blackish ( Figs. 1-2 ). Head ( Fig. 3 ) brownish yellow, darkened apically and basally, with irregular brownish markings on dorsum. Antenna brown to dark brown; segment I with black annulation adjacent to narrow whitish apex; segment IV pale apically. Visible rostral segments I and II ( Fig. 3 ) yellowish brown, darkened in apical third; visible segment III ( Fig. 3 ) dark brown, pale in basal and apical parts. Scutellum and metanotum pale in apical halves. Hemelytra obscure, basally brownish yellow. Fore leg dark brown; femur ( Fig. 8 ) dark brown, with pale wide annulation at apical third and obscure pale incomplete annulation at apical tenth; tibia ( Fig. 7 ) somewhat pale around middle; tarsal segment I ( Fig. 7 ) pale in basal two-thirds. Middle leg brownish yellow to yellowish brown; femur ( Fig. 9 ) blackish in apical sixth, with brownish annulation at apical third; tibia ( Fig. 10 ) with 2 narrow blackish annulations subbasally. Hind leg brownish yellow to yellowish brown; femur ( Fig. 11 ) pale in apical thirteenth, subapically blackish from apical thirteenth to apical fifth, and brownish from apical fourth to apical third; tibia ( Fig. 12 ) basally pale, with irregular narrow annulation at middle of basal pale part. Dorsum of abdomen a little paler than remaining parts of abdomen.

Structure. Body covered with short, suberect and decumbent setae. Head ( Figs. 19-20 ) about 1.6 times as long as width across eyes; anteoculus ( Fig. 20 ) as long as postoculus, 1.8 times as long as length of eye in lateral view. Eyes about 0.4 times as wide as interocular space in dorsal view ( Fig. 19 ). Antenna covered with short, decumbent setae; approximate proportion of segments I to IV 5.7: 4.7: 1.2: 1. Rostrum sparsely covered with short, erect setae; approximate proportion of visible segments I to III 1: 1.3: 1.9.

Pronotum ( Figs. 19-20 ) 3.8 times as long as humeral width, divided vaguely into anterior and posterior lobes at posterior tenth, roundly tumid on each anterolateral angle, with weakly concave posterior margin; posterior lobe ( Fig. 19 ) weakly rugose transversely. Mesonotum (excluding scutellum) 0.6 times as long as pronotum, 1.9 times as long as its maximum width. Hemelytra slightly exceeding anterior margin of abdominal tergite VI; venation as in Fig. 23 .

Fore leg ( Figs. 21-22 ) covered with short, suberect setae, and with long suberect setae on dorsum of tibia medially; coxa 1.3 times as long as pronotum; trochanter with simple setae, lacking spine-like seta; femur 1.3 times as long as coxa, with anteroventral and posteroventral series of spine-like setae inserted on low tubercles; former and latter series composed of about 50 and 60 spine-like setae, respectively; former series beginning with 2 basal spine-like setae distinctly placed from other spine-like setae ( Fig. 22 ); spine-like setae of both series uniform in shape, various in length but shorter than maximum width of femur; tibia 0.4 times as long as femur, with 1 ventral row of short, curved spine-like setae; ventral row composed of about 35 spine-like setae, extending over entire length of tibia; tarsus 0.6 times as long as tibia, with 2 ventral rows of fine spine-like setae; outer row composed of about 25 suberect or deflexed spine-like setae, extending over length of tarsus, and inner row of about 15 deflexed spinelike setae in apical three-fifths; approximate proportion of tarsal segments I to III 2.7: 1: 1; claws curved; outer claw half as long as inner one. Middle and hind legs slender, covered with fine, suberect and decumbent setae.

Abdomen ( Fig. 2 ) slender, nearly parallel-sided in dorsal view; apical segments VIII to IX upturned in at least dried specimens.

Genitalia (paratypes). Pygophore ( Figs. 24-25 ) with laterally sclerotized posterior process, and with pair of foliaceous projections at base of posterior process; foliaceous projection roundly extended at outer angle and spinously extended at inner angle. Paramere ( Figs. 26- 27 ) strongly curved in apical half, bent inwards near apex, subacute at apex, covered with short to long setae in apical half; apices of parameres close to each other in rest, not overlapping. Phallus ( Fig. 28 ) expanded in basal half, narrowed and cylindrical in apical half, with apically narrowed, sclerotized area laterally; basal plate ( Fig. 29 ) subacute proximally, with wide basal plate bridge.

Female (macropterous). Almost the same as male. Body length 14.5 to 15.5 mm. Valvifer I ( Fig. 30 ) with weakly concave posterior margin; valvula I ( Fig. 30 ) rounded at apex. Styloids ( Fig. 31 ) depressed discally, covered with short to long setae along lateral margins; posterior margin weakly concave, with pair of triangular projections at middle.

Differential diagnosis. In general appearance, Ploiaria stysi sp. nov. resembles P. maai Wygodzinsky, 1966 , described from the Bismarck Islands; for distinguishing characters see Table 1.

Etymology. This species name is dedicated to Prof. Pavel Štys to celebrate his 75th birthday.

Biology. Ploiaria stysi sp. nov. was collected from ferns growing along forest passes by netsweeping. It was often observed to fly actively in order to escape out of a sweep net. Although the life cycle has not been surveyed, adults and nymphs of this species were abundant at all collecting sites on both Bali and Flores in March, August, September and November.

Distribution. Ploiaria stysi sp. nov. is known from Bali and Flores, Indonesia.

Figures

Figs. 1-6. 1-3 – Ploiaria stysi sp. nov., male (holotype). 1-2 – habitus: 1 – dorsal view, 2 – lateral view; 3 – head and pronotum, lateral view. 4-6 – P. paveli sp. nov., male (holotype). 4-5 – habitus: 4 – dorsal view, 5 – lateral view; 6 – head and pronotum, lateral view. Scale bars = 5.0 mm for 1-2, 4-5; 1.0 mm for 3, 6.

Figs. 7-12. Ploiaria stysi sp. nov., male (holotype). 7 – protibia and protarsus; 8 – profemur; 9 – apical part of mesofemur; 10 – basal part of mesotibiae; 11 – apical part of metafemur; 12 – basal part of metatibia. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Figs. 19-23. Ploiaria stysi sp. nov.; setae omitted except for spine-like setae in 21 and 22. 19-20 – head and pronotum: 19 – dorsal view, 20 – lateral view; 21 – left fore leg; 22 – basal part of profemur, ventrolateral view; 23 – right hemelytron. Abbreviation: bss = basal spine-like seta. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Figs. 24-31. Ploiaria stysi sp. nov.; setae omitted in 24, 25 and 30. 24-25 – pygophore: 24 – lateral view, 25 – ventral view; 26-27 – left paramere: 26 – lateral view, 27 – dorsal view; 28 – phallus, lateral view; 29 – basal plate of phallus, dorsal view; 30 – left valvifer I and valvula I, lateral view; 31 – styloids, dorsal view. Abbreviations. ans = apically narrowed sclerotized area; bp = basal plate; bpb = basal plate bridge; fp = foliaceous projection; lsp = laterally sclerotized posterior process; vf1 = valvifer I; vl1 = valvula I. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.