Pilaria simulans Savchenko, 1983

Podenas, Sigitas & Byun, Sun-Jae Park and Hye-Woo, 2022, New record of Pilaria crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea, Journal of Species Research 11 (1), pp. 38-46 : 43-45

Pilaria simulans Savchenko, 1983

Pilaria discicollis simulans Savchenko, 1983: 61-62 ; 1989: 111; Starý, Oosterbroek, 2008: 11.

Pilaria simulans Oosterbroek, 2021 .

General: Body coloration light brown. Body length of male 5.7-7.2 mm, of female 6.5-7.5 mm. Wing length of male 6.7-8.3 mm, of female 6.5-7.5 mm.

Head: Dark brown dorsally, yellowish posteriorly, light brown laterally, narrowly light gray along eye margin because of densier gray pruinosity. Sparse erect brownish setae densier and longer posteriorly. Eyes widely separated in both sexes, distance between eyes somewhat exceeds length of scape. Antenna 1.5-1.8 mm long in male, 1.4- 1.7 mm in female, reaching base of wing if bent backwards. Scape slightly elongate, dark brown, with few erect dark brown setae dorsally. Pedicel subequal to the scape, brown. Flagellum brown, four basal antennomeres indistinctly yellowish at base. Two basal flagellomeres oval, third and fourth spindle-shaped, remaining flagellomeres elongate, apical segment elongate, about two thirds as long as preceding. Four basal flagellomeres covered with erect dense whitish pubescence ventrally, that is shorter than width of segment. Verticils on distal flagellomeres starting from fourth, 3.5-4.0 times as long as respective segments, only apical segment with two long setae on tip. Rostrum yellowish brown. Palpus dark brown, setose. Mouth parts brown.

Thorax: Cervical sclerites brown. Thorax semi-polished brown, darker dorsally, lighter ventrally. Pronotum yellowish brown to brownish yellow. Prescutum and presutural scutum brownish yellow, sparsely dusted with yellowish pruinosity, marginated with yellow laterally, few erect brown setae distributed on both sides of medial line, some specimens with indistinctly darker area along middle. Tubercular pits small, indistinct, reaching each other, close to the frontal margin of sclerite, pseudosutural fovea distinct, closer to frontal margin of sclerite. Postsutural scutum with scutal lobe brownish medially, yellow laterally, area between lobes brownish yellow. Scutellum brownish yellow. Mediotergite yellow, indistinctly brownish laterally, sparsely dusted with yellow pruinosity. Pleuron obscure yellow, getting paler ventrally, with few erect yellowish setae on laterotergite. Wing ( Fig. 2A ) slightly iridescent, translucent, with brownish tinge, yellowish at base, without any darker spots. Stigma indistinct, nearly missing, few dark brown macrotrichiae in stigmal area. Veins brown, yellowish at wing base. Venation: Sc mediumlong, reaching wing margin clearly before branching point of Rs, sc-r at tip of Sc. Rs long, arched at base. Free end of R 1 elongate, R 2 close to or at branching point of R 3 and R 4. R 3 and R 4 diverging towards wing margin, R 4 and R 5 parallel to each other. Cell r 3 with long stem which is shorter than free end of R 3. Discal cell elongate, twice as long as wide. Stem of cell m 1 shorter than cell itself. Cross-vein m-cu at about two-thirds of discal cell length. CuA slightly arched before wing margin, CuP straight for the entire length, anal vein slightly sinuous. Anal angle long and narrow. Calypter with few long setae. Halter yellowish gray, paler at base, knob slightly infuscated, grayish. Length of male halter 1.0- 1.2 mm, of female 1.0- 1.1 mm. Coxae yellow, brownish dorsally. Meron small, thus second and third pairs of coxae close to each other. Trochanters pale yellow. Femur yellow, indistinctly darker at apex. Tibia yellow with brownish distal part. Basal tarsomere yellow with dark distal part, remaining tarsomeres dark brown. Male femur I: 4.4-5.3 mm long, II: 4.7-5.2 mm, III: 5.4-6.1 mm, tibia I: 5.2-6.0 mm, II: 5.0- 5.8 mm, III: 5.8-7.2 mm, tarsus I: 4.4-4.7 mm, II: 4.5-5.5 mm, III: 4.0- 4.5 mm. Female femur I: 3.5 mm long, II: 4.0- 5.2 mm, III: 4.5-5.2 mm, tibia I: 4.5 mm, II: 4.5-5.7 mm, III: 4.3-5.5 mm, tarsus I: 4.4 mm, II: 3.7-4.5 mm, III: 2.7-3.8 mm. Claw dark brown, simple, without teeth or spines. Arolium reaching to about two-thirds of claw.

Abdomen: Tergites brown along middle, yellow laterally, with grayish posterior margin, covered with sparse erect yellowish setae. Sternites yellow with narrowly grayish lateral and posterior margins, pregenital segment brownish. Male terminalia ( Fig. 2B ) yellow. Posterior margin of ninth tergite setose, slightly extended posteriorly with shallow wide central emargination between two wide low lobes. Gonocoxite elongate, 2.8 times as long as width at base, simple, without additional lobes. Outer gonostylus long, narrow, slightly arched, claw-shaped, preapical area with microscopic dots and setae, apex obtuse. Inner gonostylus fleshy and setose, slightly longer than outer gonostylus, widest at base getting narrower towards blunt apex. Interbase wedge-shaped, at base with short lateral arm articulating with gonocoxal apodeme. Paramere membranous, flattened. Aedeagus arched at basal third, distal part slightly raised upwards. Aedeagal sheath widened at basal half. Seminal vesicle big and globular ( Fig. 2C ). Ovipositor (2D) light brown. Cercus long and narrow, blunt-apexed, distal part slightly raised upwards. Hypovalva straight, narrowing towards apex, reaching to about four-fifths of cercus. Distal part of hypovalva narrow, parallel-sided, dorsal margin, starting from middle, covered with long filaments.

Elevation range in Korea: Altitudes from 300 m to more than 1,500 m.

Period of activity in Korea: Adults are active and flying from late June through middle of September in Korea, beginning of July through end of September with the highest abundance in August in the Far East of Russia.

Habitats: Unknown in Korea. Wet meadows on the seacoast, boggy areas in mixed and broad-leaved forests in the Far East of Russia ( Savchenko, 1983).

General distribution: Southeastern corner of the Far East of Russia, close to the border with North Korea. Recorded from Korean Peninsula for the first time.

Examined material ( Fig. 3B ): 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Seren , alt. 2,500 ft. [762 m], 1938.08.7 -8, A. M. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 2 males (pinned), North Korea, Seren , alt. 2,000-2,500 ft. [610-762 m], 1938.08.21 -22, A. M. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 3 males, 2 females (pinned), North Korea, Seren , alt. 1,000-1,500 ft. [305-457 m], 1938.08.27 -28, A. M. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts. , alt. 2,000 ft. [610 m] 1938. 09.15, A. Yankovsky ( USNM) ; 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Kankyo Nando , Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 5,000 ft. [1,524 m], 1939.06.21, A. Yankovsky ( USNM) .

Figures

Fig. 2. Pilaria simulans Savchenko, 1983. A. wing. B. male genitalia, dorsal view. C. male genitalia with ninth tergite removed, dorsal view. D. ovipositor, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5mm.

Fig. 3. Distribution maps of Korean Pilaria. A. P. melanota. B. P. simulans.