Phrurolithus validus, Fu & Chen & Zhang, 2016

Fu, Lina, Chen, Huiming & Zhang, Feng, 2016, New Phrurolithus species from China (Araneae, Phrurolithidae), Ecologica Montenegrina 7, pp. 270-290 : 285-287

Phrurolithus validus sp. nov.

Figs 11A–G , 12A–E

Type material. Holotype ♂, China, Shanxi Province, Taibai Mountain (34°57.147′N, 107°46.022′E), Tiejia Tree, to Sanhe Palace (34°15.928′N, 108°57.254′E), 2 May 2010, Zongxu LI leg . Paratypes: 13♂ 13♀, same data as for holotype ; 1♀, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Liupan Mountain, Hongshu forest (35°24.758′N, 106°23.872′E), 25 June 2008, Chao ZHANG leg .; 1♂ 2♀, Shanxi Province, Zhouzhi County, Houzhenzi Old City (33°51.196′N, 107°50.719′E), 25 May 2009, Zhisheng ZHANG leg .; 2♂, Gansu Province, Liangdang County, Zhangjia Town, Heihe Forest Park (34°8.016′N, 106°32.984′E), 1 June 2011, Luyu WANG leg .

Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin word ‘ validus ’, and refers to the valid RTA; adjective.

Diagnosis. The new species is similar to P. nipponicus Kishida, 1914 ( Kishida, 1914: 124, fig. 1) in having similar bursae, but can be distinguished from the latter by: 1) embolus small, with a large piece of membranous base (concealed behind the conductor); 2) broad, thick RTA extending distally, DTA broad proximally, needle-like apically (only one RTA, thin, long in the latter).

Description. Male ( Fig. 11A ). Total length 2.38–2.67 (n=10). Holotype: body 2.63 long; carapace 1.17 long, 1.01 wide; abdomen 1.43 long, 0.89 wide. Carapace yellowish brown, anteriorly abruptly narrow; fovea longitudinal, distinct. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.06, PME–PLE 0.06. MOA 0.17 long, front 0.15 wide, back 0.17 wide. Clypeus 0.09 high. Chelicerae with one strong anterior bristle; promargin with three well-separated teeth and retromargin with two teeth close to each other. Labium and gnathocoxae wider than long, brown. Legs light yellow. Measurements of legs: leg I 3.79 (1.01, 0.34, 1.04, 0.89, 0.51), II 3.20 (0.91, 0.32, 0.78, 0.74, 0.45), III 2.84 (0.81, 0.28, 0.59, 0.72, 0.44), IV 4.36 (1.17, 0.35, 1.07, 1.15, 0.62). Leg formula: 4123. Femora I–IV basally with one dorsal spine, femur I with one prolateral spine and femur II without prolateral spine; tibia I with five pairs of ventral spines, tibia II with five proventral spines and four retroventral spines; metatarsus I with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines, metatarsus II with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines. Abdomen oval, anterior half with a small dorsal scutum, posterior half dark brown and with several unclear chevron-like stripes dorsally.

Palp ( Figs 11C–E , 12A–C ). Femur distally with an apophysis retroventrally. Thick RTA extending distally, DTA broad proximally, needle-like apically. Embolus sharp apically.

Female ( Fig. 11B ). Total length 2.67–3.01 (n=11). One paratype: body 2.82 long; carapace 1.24 long, 1.09 wide; abdomen 1.57 long, 0.92 wide. Carapace yellowish brown, abruptly narrow anteriorly; fovea longitudinal. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.06. MOA 0.17 long, front 0.15 wide, back 0.18 wide. Clypeus 0.08 high. Leg measurements: I 4.05 (1.05, 0.33, 1.15, 0.97, 0.55); II 3.40 (0.99, 0.28, 0.86, 0.76, 0.51); III 3.14 (0.92, 0.23, 0.76, 0.69, 0.54); IV 4.60 (1.26, 0.32, 1.14, 1.23, 0.65). Leg formula: 4123. Femora I–IV with one dorsal spine. Femur I with one prolateral spines and femur II without prolateral spine; tibia I with six pairs of ventral spines, tibia II with five proventral spines and four retroventral spines; metatarsus I with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines, metatarsus II with four proventral spines and three retroventral spines. Abdomen dark grey dorsally.

Epigyne ( Figs 11F–G , 12D–E ). COs small, located with a little longer distance from each other than opening diameter. Thin and short CD connecting with two transparent bursae, crescent shaped. Spermathecae small, located centrally.

Distribution. China (Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi).

Figures

Figure 11. Phrurolithus validus sp. nov., holotype male (A, C–E) and paratype female (B, F–G). A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Female habitus, dorsal view; C. Male left palp, prolateral view; D. Same, ventral view; E. Same, retrolateral view; F. Epigyne, ventral view; G. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A–B); 0.20 mm (C–G).

Figure 12. Phrurolithus validus sp. nov., holotype male (A–C) and paratype female (D–E). A. Palp, prolateral view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Same, retrolateral view; D. Epigyne, ventral view; E. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A–C); 0.50 mm (D–E).