Photinopygus haemorrhoidalis ( Germar, 1824 )

Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, 2023, A revision of the genus Photinopygus Chatzimanolis (Staphylinidae: Xanthopygina), Zootaxa 5292 (1), pp. 1-100 : 53-56

Photinopygus haemorrhoidalis ( Germar, 1824)

( Figs. 108 , 124–130 )

Staphylinus haemorrhoidalis Germar, 1824: 34 . Preoccupied (not Staphylinus haemorrhoidalis Gmelin 1790: 2036 , not Staphylinus haemorrhoidalis Olivier 1795: 11 , not Staphylinus haemorrhoidalis Fabricius 1801: 596 [data found in Newton 2022]). Petition to conserve S. haemorrhoidalis Germar proposed by Herman (2001b); approved by ICZN Opinion 2053 (ICZN 2003).

Staphylinus pyraster Erichson, 1839: 367 .

Xanthopygus pyraster (Erichson) ; Kraatz 1857: 539.

Xanthopygus haemorrhoidalis (Germar) , Fauvel 1869: 487.

Xanthopygus violaceus Sharp, 1876: 128 . New synonymy.

Xanthopygus puncticollis Sharp, 1884: 345 . New synonymy.

Xanthopygus pyraster (Erichson) ; (synonym of haemorrhoidalis ; Bernhauer and Schubert 1914: 407.)

Photinopygus haemorrhoidalis (Germar) ; Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.

Photinopygus violaceus (Sharp) ; Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.

Photinopygus puncticollis (Sharp) ; Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.

Type material. Lectotype, here designated, female, with labels: “5910” / “Type” / “Hist. -Coll. ( Coleoptera ) Nr. 5910. Staphylinus pyraster Erichs. Brasil. Germar, Zool. Mus. Berlin” / “ Syntype Staphylinus pyraster Erichson, 1839 labelled by MFNB 2019” / “ Lectotype Staphylinus pyraster Erichson des. Chatzimanolis 2020” / “ Lectotype Staphylinus haemorrhoidalis Germar des. Chatzimanolis 2020”. In the collection of MFNB.According to labels and historical records (B. Jaeger pers. communication) Erichson (1839) and Germar (1824) used the same specimen for the designation of the syntype of S. pyraster and of S. haemorrhoidalis , respectively.

Type material for X. violaceus : Lectotype, here designated, male, with labels: “[White cardboard] Xanthopygus violaceus ♁ Type D. S. Amazons” / “Type” / “S. America, Brazil ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “Conceicão Rio Mauhes [probably Maués-Açu River in Amazonas State; GonÇalves et al. 2017]; [-3.40°, -57.40°], May 1874 Dr. Trail [leg.]” / “ Syntype ” / “ Lectotype Xanthopygus violaceus Sharp des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. In the collection of NHMUK. Paralectotypes, here designated, with labels: “[White cardboard] Xanthopygus violaceus ♁ 2nd Typ. D. S.” / “Ega [Tefé, Amazonas; -3.35°, -64.71°]” / “S. America Brazil ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “ Xanthopygus violaceus Type D. S.” / “ Syntype ” (1 ♁ NHMUK); “Type” / “Ega [Tefé, Amazonas; -3.35°, -64.71°]” / “S. America Brazil ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “ Xanthopygus violaceus ♀ Type Amazons D. S.” / “ Syntype ” (1 ♀ NHMUK). Both paralectotypes with label “ Paralectotype Xanthopygus violaceus Sharp des Chatzimanolis 2022 ”.

Type material for X. puncticollis : Lectotype, here designated, male, with labels: “[White cardboard] Xanthopygus puncticollis ♁ Type D. S. Bugaba Champion ” / “Type” / “Bugaba [8.48°, -82.62°], 800-1500 ft, Champion” / “ B.C.A Col. I. 2. Xanthopygus puncticollis, Sharp ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “Lectotype Xanthopygus puncticollis Sharp des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. In the collection of NHMUK . Paralectotypes, here designated, with labels: “[ White cardboard] Xanthopygus puncticollis ♁ Type D. S. V. de Chiriquí [8.81°, -82.54°], 2–3000 ft, Champion [leg.]” / “Type” / “V. de Chiriquí [8.81°, -82.541°], 2–3000 ft, Champion [leg.]” / “ B.C.A Col. I. 2. Xanthopygus puncticollis, Sharp ” (1 ♁ NHMUK); “[White cardboard] Xanthopygus puncticollis ♀ Type D. S. V. de Chiriquí [8.81°, -82.54°], 2–3000 ft, Champion [leg.]” / “sp. figured” / “V. de Chiriquí [8.81°, -82.54°], 2–3000 ft, Champion [leg.]” / “ B.C.A Col. I. 2. Xanthopygus puncticollis, Sharp ” / “Sharp colln. by exchange with Brit. Mus. (N. H.)” / “FMNHINS3975435” (1 ♀ FMNH). Both paralectotypes with label: “Paralectotype Xanthopygus puncticollis Sharp des Chatzimanolis 2022 ” .

Additional Materials. BRAZIL: Amapá: Rio Amapari [0.72°, -51.54°], 9.vii.[19]57, J. Lane leg. (1 ♁ CNC) ; Mato Grosso: Sinop [-11.87°, -55.50°], x.1976, M. Alvarenga leg. (4 ♁, 2 ♀ CNC) ; Minas Gerais: unknown locality, Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975370 (1♀ FMNH) ; Pará: unknown locality (1 ♁ CMNH) ; Rondônia: Caucalandia [-10.53°, -62.80°], 160–350 m, 19.x.1991, J. Macdonald leg. (1 ♀ MEM) ; Santa Catarina : Hansa Humboldt [-26.43°,-49.24°], iii.1940, E. Reitter leg., Scheerpeltz coll. (2 ♁ NMW) ; same locality, viii.1939, E. Reitter leg., Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♁ NMW) ; COLOMBIA: Vaupés: R.N. Mosiro-Itajura (Caparú) Terrazas [1.07°, -69.52°], 7–22.ix.2002, L. Benavides leg., SM0628636 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; COSTA RICA: Alajuela: E.B. Sa Ramon, 27 km N & 8 km W San Ramon [10.225°, -84.592°], 850–950m, 29.vi.–6.vii.1999, in rotting palm trunk, R. Anderson leg., SM0186602, SM0186600, SM0186601 (3 ♁ SEMC) ; same locality, 810 m, 8.vii.2000, FIT, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, SM0203678 (1 ♁ SEMC) ; ECUADOR: Pastaza: Mera [-1.37°, -78.02°] (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; FRENCH GUIANA: Kourou (roches de) [5.16°, -52.65°], Le Moult leg., Scheerpeltz coll (1 ♁ NMW) ; same locality, Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♀ NMW) ; Réserve Trésor [4.610°, -52.279°], cca 225 m, xii.2009, window trap, S. Brulé leg. (1 ♁, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; GUYANA: Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Essequibo R., Moraballi Creek [6.18°, -58.83°], 13.viii.1929, clearing, Oxford University Expedition leg. (1 ♁, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; PANAMA: Chiriquí: Volcán de Chiriquí [8.81°, -82.54°], 1372 m, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975436 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; Darién: Cana Biological Station [7.76°, -77.69°], 1200 m, 3–9.vii.1996, beating recent treefall, S. Lingafelter leg., SM0058964, SM0058963, SM0058962 (2 ♁ SEMC; 1 ♁ UTCI) ; SURINAME: Commewijne: Akintosoela, CELOS camp, 39 km SE Suriname River bridge road to Redi Doti [5.271°, -54.921°], 40 m, 29.vi.–3.vii.1999, FIT, Z.H. Falin leg., SM0175343 (1 ♁ SEMC) .

Diagnosis. Photinopygus haemorrhoidalis belongs in the concave pronotum species group. Photinopygus haemorrhoidalis can be distinguished from all other species of Photinopygus due to the presence of metallic purple coloration on the head and pronotum, and a single tooth on the left mandible (bicuspid tooth in all other species).

Description. Forebody ( Fig. 124 ) length 6.2–6.5 mm. Color of head, pronotum and mesoscutellum metallic purple; antennae coloration varies, typically antennomeres 1–2 (or 1–4) orange, 3–11 (5–11) dark brown to black but in some specimens antennae orange; legs dark brown to black except protarsi dark orange; elytra metallic blue with green or purple overtones; abdomen dark brown to black except segments 7–8 (orange); in some specimens segment 7 with only posterior 1/3 orange. Antenna ( Fig. 127 ) with antennomere 3 without tomentose pubescence; antennomere 4 with tomentose pubescence; antennomeres 4–6 longer than wide; antennomere 7 subquadrate; antennomeres 8–10 transverse. Head transverse; HW/HL ratio = 1.26–1.40. Posterior margin of head slightly extended posteriad on each side of neck. Head with medium-sized punctures, distance between punctures as wide as 1–2 punctures but punctures denser posteriorly. Left mandible with single tooth. Left mandible with bicuspid tooth. Pronotum ( Fig. 126 ) subquadrate; PW/PL ratio = 1.0–1.05. Lateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view posteriad of midpoint concave; pronotum with 8–9 dense rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line; distance between punctures as wide as 0.5–1 punctures but areas of pronotum without punctures. EL/PL ratio = 1.35–1.45. Elytra with dense punctation; distance between punctures as wide as 0–0.5 punctures. Metepisternum covered with punctures (impunctate area less than 1/3). Abdomen with tergite 3 having setose punctures only on posterior margin; tergite 4 setose; tergites 3–4 with curved carina (arch-like); tergite 5 curved carina only at lateral margin. In males, sternite 7 with large porose structure, sternite 7 with shallow and broad emargination posteriorly; sternite 8 with medium U-shaped emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 125 ). Aedeagus as in Figs. 128–130 ; in dorsal view paramere narrow, almost parallel-sided, converging to rounded apex; paramere longer and narrower (except apically) than median lobe; in lateral view paramere becoming narrower and concave near tip; paramere with peg setae in lateral rows as in Fig. 130 . Median lobe in dorsal view converging to narrow pointed tip; in lateral view median lobe becoming narrower; median lobe with large subapical tooth.

Distribution. Known from the Pacific, Boreal Brazilian, South Brazilian, Chacoan and Paraná biogeographic dominions. Distributed in the states of Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rondônia and Santa Catarina in Brazil, the department of Vaupés in Colombia, the province of Alajuela in Costa Rica, the province of Pastaza in Ecuador, from French Guiana, from the Cuyuni-Mazaruni region in Guyana, Chiriquí and Darién provinces in Panama; and the Commewijne district in Suriname. Map is shown in Fig. 108 .

Habitat. Collected at low to mid elevations (40–1372 m) with flight intercept traps; by beating recent treefall and from rotting palm trunk.

Remarks. Given the rather wide distribution of P. haemorrhoidalis , it is possible that this is a species complex with multiple cryptic species, however, morphology alone cannot separate those species.

Figures

FIGURE 108. Distribution map of Photinopygus cyanipennis (Sharp) (circles), P. haemorrhoidalis (Germar) (triangles), and P. schedonapicalis Chatzimanolis (stars).

FIGURES 124–127. Photinopygus haemorrhoidalis (Germar). 124. Habitus. 125. Sternites 7–8. 126. Pronotum. 127. Antenna. Not to scale. Different specimens were selected for the photographs of the habitus, sternites and antennae to illustrate the variations in the coloration.

FIGURES 128–130. Aedeagus of Photinopygus haemorrhoidalis (Germar). 128. Lateral view. 129. Dorsal view. 130. Detail of paramere, ventral view.