Philodoria naenaeiella ( Swezey, 1940 )

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, Zootaxa 4944 (1), pp. 1-175 : 74-81

Philodoria naenaeiella ( Swezey, 1940)

Figs. 16C, D , 27H , 47H , 48H , 49H , 58I, J , 88G, H

Parectopa naenaeiella Swezey, 1940: 462–463 .

Philodoria naenaeiella ( Swezey, 1940) ; Zimmerman 1978a: 685–686, figs. 443, 449, 457, 458.

Type locality. Mt. Olympus (Oahu) .

Type material. Lectotype ♂, Mt. Olympus, Oahu, [21.i.1912 or 30.i.1913], O.H. Swezey, Dubautia [ laxa ], | Holotype Parectopa naenaeiella Swezey , Type no. 4261, top one of two cotypes on the same mount, in BPBM (here designated). Paralectotype 37 (16♂, 5♀, 16 sex unknown): Host Dubautia laxa, O.H. Swezey on Oahu: 1♀, on same mount as holotype, bottom one of two cotypes; 6♂, 1♀, 12 (sex unknown), same data and locality as holotype, BPBM 34235–34239, SK701♂| BPBM 34240, BPBM 34165, SK690♂, 691♂| BPBM 34166; 2♀, same data and locality as holotype of “ Gracilaria epibathra = Parectopa naenaeiella Swezey ” in USNM; 4♂, same data and locality as holotype of “ Gracilaria epibathra Wlsm aB 1914” in USNM; 1♂, Konahuanui, 22.ii.1914, ex Dubautia laxa var. hirsute, SK 729♂; 3♂, 1 (sex unknown), Mt. Lanihuli, 12.xi.1922, BPBM 34232, BPBM 34233, 1♂, 1 (sex unknown) in USNM; 2♂, 1♀ 3 (sex unknown), Kahana, 4.ix.1927, BPBM 34227, SK 703♀ | BPBM 34228, BPBM 342329–34231, SK702♂| BPBM 34234. Described from leaf mines and cocoons on leaves of Dubautia laxa from Oahu; leaf mines of Hesperomannia swezeyi from Maui; and leaf mines of an unknown plant ( Dubautia latifolia ) from Kauai. The holotype was not specified in the original description, therefore any of the so-labeled types can considered syntype under Article 73.2 of the Code ( ICZN 1999) and eligible for designation as lectotype under Article 74 of the Code ( ICZN 1999). The syntype ‘type’ is here designated as lectotype ( Fig. 16C ) and the remaining 37 syntypes are paralectotypes. We identifed the Oahu ‘paratypes’ as P. naenaeiella , Maui ‘paratypes’ as the new species P. hesperomanniella , and a Kauai ‘paratype’ as the new species, P. knudseniiella .

Additional material. 3 (1♂, 2 sex unknown): Oahu: 1 (sex unknown), Konahuanui, 4.i.2014 (stored), C.A. Johns leg., Adult on Dubautia plantaginea, CJ 188 in BPBM; 1 (sex unknown), Poamoho, 25.v.2013 (stored), C.A. Johns leg., host: Dubautia sp., 16.iv.2013, CJ142, KT 982413 in BPBM; 1♂, 2400’, Koolau Range, Poamoho Trail, 29.ix.1976, K. & E. Sattler, B.M.1976-605, Philodoria sp. 27 cf. hibiscella Sattler Coll., D.C. Lees Sep. 2016 , BMNH(E) 1621244 in NHMUK.

Philodoria sp. nr. P. naenaeiella : 1♀, Poamoho, Oahu, 24.vii.2015 (stored), C.A. Johns leg., host: D. plantaginea , 30.vi.2015, CJ500 ( Fig. 27G ).

Diagnosis. Pale brown forewing with four outwardly oblique white streaks: ds 1–3 and slender cs 3 ( Figs. 16C, D , 27H ). Female genitalia similar to P. hesperomanniella and P. knudesiiella , but P. naenaeiella differs from these two species in having a small white dorsal patch near the base on the forewing instead of a triangular streak.

Redescription: Adult ( Fig. 16C, D ).Wingspan 8–9 mm in type series; forewing length 4 mm in holotype, 3.5–4.0 mm in paratype. Head white, with some ocherous scales posteriorly; frons white; maxillary palpus white near base, dark brown at apex; labial palpus white, second segment broadly infuscated apically, third segment with slight infuscation near base and near apex. Antenna pale brown, basal segment paler and white beneath, about 1.3x length of forewing. Thorax pale brown. Forewing pale brown, with white patches: a small white patch (ds 1) at near base; outwardly oblique white ds 2, 3, all wide at dorsum and narrowing to a point about midway across the wing, ds 2 about at dorsal 2/5, ds 3 at dorsal 2/3; a slender outwardly oblique white cs 3 from 3/5 terminating a little distad from apex of ds 3, sccatterd with pale blue scales from there to apex; all of the white streaks margined with a few fuscous scales; apical portion orange; three white costal spots (a, b, c) between costal streak and apex, separated by fuscous scales; costa sometimes narrowly white; cilia light fuscous with distinct darker fuscous bl 1, with white spots, dorsal cilia pale gray, very long. Hindwing and cilia uniformly grayish fuscous. Abdomen grayish brown. Legs grayish brown, tarsi white banded.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 47H , 48H , 49H ) (n=4). Capsule 840 µm. Tegumen 0.8 x length of valva; valva 580 µm long, tapering along costal margin from 2/5 to apex, becoming digitiform and straight in lateral view ( Fig. 47H ). Saccus slender and digitiform in ventral view ( Fig. 48H ). Phallus 600 µm long, pointed at apex, with developed coecum; two series of minute cornuti in vesica ( Fig. 49H ).

Female genitalia ( Fig. 58I, J ): new record (n=2). 1260 µm long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with a pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis 220–230 µm, weakly sclerotized, trapezoid in ventral view, inflexed on the posterior margin, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae short, terminus biforked. Corpus bursae 810 µm, oblong, signa a pair of longitudinal, partly sclerotized wrinkles.

Distribution. Oahu ( Swezey, 1940).

Host plants. Asteraceae : Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arn. ( Swezey, 1940) and D. plantaginea Gaudich. : new record.

Biology. ( Fig. 88G, H ). Swezey (1940: 463) reported its biology and compared it to P. dubautiella : “The present species is very close to Parectopa dubautiella (Swezey) which mines the leaves of Dubautia plantaginea , while our present species mines the leaves of Dubautia laxa , a pubescent leaved species, as well as some other species. The mines differ somewhat, possibly on account of the differently-shaped leaves in which they occur. The mine of naenaeiella is more irregular in its course and finally becomes a much larger blotch; whereas, the mine of dubautiella is narrower and extends nearly straight, following between the nearly parallel veins of the narrow elongate leaves for two or three loops almost the full length of the leaf. The larvae have slight differences, and the cocoon of dubautiella is made within the mine, whereas the larvae of naenaeiella often issue to form their white oval cocoons on the surface of the leaf, sometimes on the leaves of adjoining plants. The adult of naenaeiella is larger than dubautiella , very similar in wing markings, except that it has only one oblique white costal streak, whereas dubautiella has two.” We observed the larva mining Dubautia leaves, forming a linear to blotch mine. Leaf mines were common on Dubautia laxa in the southern Koolau mountains of Oahu, but we did not survey for this plant on the northern Koolau Mountains.

Parasitoids. Eulophidae : Euderus metallicus (Ashmead, 1901) , Sympiesis vagans (Timberlake, 1926) .

Remarks. We identified one adult moth (Coll ID CJ-142 / GenBank accession no. ID KT982413 ) as P. naenaeiella , based on the presence of a small white patch near the base on forewing, from which whole bodies were sacrificed for molecular analysis ( Johns et al. 2016). Philodoria naenaeiella was treated as Gracilaria epibathra Walsingham (= Philodoria epibathra ) before Swezey (1940). We apply the name P. naenaeiella to specimens on Dubautia laxa from Oahu.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. hibiscella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), B Paralectotype female (lower specimen on mount), C P. naenaeiella (Swezey, 1940) lectotype male, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), D Paralectotype female (below holotype specimen on mount). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 27. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. A P. dubauticola, male (CJ402/SK812), B P. dubautiella, male CJ524a/SK686), C P. hibiscella, female (CJ399/SK723), D Same species, male (CJ089/SK724), lateral view, E Same species, dorsal view, F Philodoria sp., male, host: Dubautia plantaginea, Maui (CJ352c/SK770), G Philodoria sp., female (CJ500), host: Dubautia plantaginea, Oahu, H P. naenaeiella (CJ188), abdomen missing, I P. neraudicola, female (CJ336/SK838), host: Pipturus albidus, J Same species, female (CJ369), host: Pipturus sp., K P. obamaorum, female (CJ423/SK844), L Same species, left forewing, M Same species, female (CJ403a/SK735), N P. touchardiella, female (CJ401a/SK764), O Same species, male (CJ401b/SK765), P P. marginestrigata, male (CJ165/SK760), host: Lipochaeta rockii, Q Same species, male (CJ187/SK771), host: Abutilon menziesii, R Same species, male (CJ379c), host: Sida fallax. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831.

FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831.

FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831.

FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620.

FIGURE 88. Asteraceae-mining Philodoria with thier host plants. A: P. wilkesiella, West Maui, host: Argyroxiphium grayanum, B–F: P. dubauticola, Haelaau, Maui, same series as CJ073, 074, 077 079, 080, 082–084, 094,111, 255, 256, host: Dubautia laxa, G, H: P. naenaeiella Poamoho, Oahu, same series as CJ130, 131, 140, 142, host: Dubautia sp. 1, I–L: Unidentified Philodoria species, J, K: East Oahu, host: Dubautia sp. 2, I: Eke, Maui, host: D. laxa, L: Kamakou, Molokai. A Old mines and cocoons, B, L Young mine, C, H, J, K Mine of late instar larva, G, D, E, I Mature mine, F Cocoon by final instar larva.Arrows point to cocoon (A) and mine (I).