Phenagoniates macrolepis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913)

Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3), pp. 385-568 : 528

Autapomorphies of Phenagoniates macrolepis :

1. Position of opening on neurocranium communicating with laterosensory canal of sixth infraorbital (77): (1> 0) between frontal and pterotic. Reversal of synapomorphy 6 of node 193.

2. Circulii on posterior field of scales (319): (1> 0) present. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of node 206. Paralleled in node 261 and in Exodon paradoxus and Roeboides microlepis .

3. Radii on scales (320): (1> 0) absent or reduced in number. Paralleled in the Iguanodectinae and Serrasalminae , in node 174, and in Cyphocharax spilotus , Distichodus maculatus , and Markiana nigripinnis .

4. Adipose fin (356): (0> 1) absent. Paralleled in the Gymnocharacinae , in node 181, and in Carnegiella strigata .