Phalangodus andresi, Villarreal & Ahumada-C. & Delgado-Santa, 2023

Villarreal, Osvaldo, Ahumada-C., Daniela & Delgado-Santa, Leonardo, 2023, Mapping the distribution of armored harvestmen (Opiliones, Laniatores) in Colombia: updated list of species, taxonomic contributions, and insight of diversity in protected areas, ZooKeys 1175, pp. 223-284 : 223

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1175.102485
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A5C1D3DF-FF87-404A-9EA0-4608CF89EFA7
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B451F03A-F855-4F5B-8E90-8BDAF7890A11
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:B451F03A-F855-4F5B-8E90-8BDAF7890A11
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Phalangodus andresi
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Phalangodus andresi sp. nov.

Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 , 3 View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4

Material examined.

• Holotype: ♂ (ICN-Ao-1908), Colombia, Cundinamarca, San Antonio del Tequendama, R.N. Los Tunos (4.562234, -74.314527); 2,250 m; 3 Jun. 2018; (A. García, S. Galvis leg.) GoogleMaps . • Paratypes: • 3 ♀♀ (ICN-Ao-1909, with one used for description), same data as the holotype GoogleMaps ; • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ICN-Ao-1003), Colombia, Cundinamarca, San Antonio del Tequendama, R.N. Los Tunos; 28 Aug. 2006; (F. Borrero leg.) .

Diagnosis.

Phalangodus andresi sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species of the genus except P. palpiconus by the (1) presence of conspicuous granulation of mesotergal areas I -IV, lateral borders of dorsal scutum, ocularium and posterior region of the carapace (Figs 1A, B View Figure 1 , 3A, B View Figure 3 ); (2) small size (males DSL ~ 10.7-11.9 mm), except P. kuryi (9.0-11.4 mm). It can be distinguished from the latter species by the ornamentation of the pedipalpal femur (with a very large ventroproximal tubercle absent in P. kuryi ) (Fig. 3D View Figure 3 ), and the presence of ornamentation in leg IV of the males (Fig. 3G-J View Figure 3 ) (absent in P. kuryi ), as well as the interocular distance, height of the ocularium and presence of paired tubercles near each eye (absent in P. kuryi ). From P. palpiconus , the most morphologically similar species, it is distinguished by the ornamentation of the femur IV of the males, having a subdistal large and curved spine and a short distal bifid tubercle (Figs 2E, F View Figure 2 , 3H, I View Figure 3 ) on the prolateral face (absent in P. palpiconus ); lack of a retrolateral subdistal spine in the same segment (present in P. palpiconus ( Hara et al. 2014: figs 4, 5)); the shape of the VP of the penis, more elongated and with more marked medial constrictions, and the more basal position of MS-A/B groups.

Description.

Measurements of body and appendages. Holotype ♂ (ICN-Ao-1908): DSL = 10.8; CL = 4.5; AL = 6.3; CW = 5.6; AW = 7.4; IOD = 1.6; BaCh = 2.7; FePp = 2.1, PaPp = 1.1, TiPp = 1.6, TaPp = 1.3, ClPp = 1.1; FeL I: 6.0; FeL II = 11.4; FeL III = 8.9; FeL IV = 14.1; TiL I = 4.6; TiL II = 11.3; TiL III = 5.3; TiL IV = 8.2. • Paratypes: • (ICN-AO-1909, ICN-AO-1003, 4 ♀♀, min-max): DSL = 8.3-9.3; CL = 2.9-4.5; AL = 4.0-7.8; CW = 4.9-5.8; AW = 7.2-7.9; IOD = 1.4-2.0; BaCh = 1.4-1.9; FePp = 1.9, PaPp = 1.1, TiPp = 1.4, TaPp = 1.1, ClPp = 1.0; FeL I = 2.9-3.6; FeL II = 8.1-10.6; FeL III = 7.3-9.4; FeL IV = 8.9-14.4; TiL I = 3.8-4.5; TiL II = 7.9-9.5; TiL III = 4.9-5.7; TiL IV = 5.9-9.0. • (ICN-AO-1003; 2 ♂♂, min-max): DSL = 10.7-11.8; CL = 4.9-5.3; AL = 6.6-7.4; CW = 5.3-6.3; AW = 7.4-8.8; IOD = 1.9-2.1; BaCh = 2.6-3.5; FePp = 1.9-2.1, PaPp = 1.0-1.2, TiPp = 1.5-1.7, TaPp = 1.2-1.4, ClPp = 1.1; FeL I = 5.1-6.4; FeL II = 11.1-11.1; FeL III = 9.4-10.6; FeL IV = 12.2-16.8; TiL I = 4.3-5.0; TiL II = 10.2-10.7; TiL III = 5.6-9.3; TiL IV = 8.4-10.2.

Male holotype (ICN-Ao-1908). Dorsum (Figs 1A, B View Figure 1 , 3A, B View Figure 3 ). DS outline type alpha, with bulge longitudinally asymmetric widest at scutal groove II, lateral borders with granules only on the middle region. Carapace with few granules on the anterolateral and posterior region. Ocularium high, without median depression, with a paramedian pair of sharp tubercles and granules close to the eyes. Integumentary dome of ozopore raised and conspicuous. Abdominal scutum well delimited, divided into four well-marked scutal areas; I divided into left and right halves by invasion of the scutal area II; I and II granulated, with a pair of conspicuous medial tubercles, one tubercle on each side; III with a pair of paramedian acuminate spines and densely granulated; IV divided, with a row of six or seven granules on each side. Posterior border of the DS slightly convex and with a row of granules. Free tergites I-III with a row of granules.

Venter. Coxa I with a row of large tubercles of different sizes; II longer than I and III, with two median rows of low tubercles, the anterior one more conspicuous; III densely covered with irregular rows of small tubercles and with the posterior border sigmoid; IV strongly backward, with a median row of tubercles in the medium area and lateral border, and small tubercles densely distributed. Stigmatic area with a row of small tubercles on posterior border and minute granules sparsely distributed. Stigmata large, oval, and oblique. Free sternites with a row of small granules.

Chelicerae (Figs 2A View Figure 2 , 3C View Figure 3 ). Segment I with well-defined bulla, with dorsomesal tubercles and a row of three large tubercles in the ectal region. Segment II swollen. Fixed finger with a proximal narrow and low tooth, a large gap and three subdistal median teeth. Movable finger with a proximal wide and low tooth, one large tooth and the distal inner surface irregularly dentate. Mesal side of the base of the fixed finger and near the base of the movable finger with setiferous tubercles of different sizes.

Pedipalps (Figs 2B, C View Figure 2 , 3D-F View Figure 3 ). Trochanter with a dorsal pair of paramedian tubercles. Ventrally with large bifid tubercle in distal portion. Femur slightly compressed, dorsally curved, and ventrally straight in lateral view, with dorsoectal distal row of granules, one dorsal, and one ventral row of large forward projected tubercles (the apicalmost of the ventral row bifid and thicker than the remaining), the ventrodistal portion unarmed. Mesal and ectal faces without large tubercles. Patella short, cylindrical, and curved, with a dorsal row of short tubercles and small dorsodistal granules. Tibia dorsally granulated; tibia mesal IiIi (3>1>2=4), ectal IiiIi (4>1>5>2>3). Tarsus dorsally granulated, tibia with spines only in the distal portion, mesal Ii, ectal IiIiI (3>1>5>4>2). Claw proximally swollen.

Legs (Figs 1A View Figure 1 , 2D-F View Figure 2 , 3B View Figure 3 , 3G-J View Figure 3 ). Coxa I and III smooth; II with one dorsal tubercle; IV with one dorsodistal domed large tubercle, and a row of large tubercles in the prolateral border. Trochanters I-III unarmed; II with a prolateral row of small tubercles; III with one retrodistal tubercle and one group of small prolateral tubercles; IV with small prolateral granules sparsely distributed and one row of small tubercles in the retrolateral border. Femora I-III straight and with longitudinal rows of granules; IV sub-straight, densely granulated, ventrally with one large subdistal tubercle hook-like shaped and one distal rounded trifid tubercle. Ratio Fe IV/DSL = 1.85. Patellae I-IV granulated. Tibiae I-V straight and densely granulated, unarmed. Metatarsi I to IV with rows of small granules, I-III unarmed, IV with a ventro-distal border pair of spines. Tarsi III and IV with subparallel smooth claws and tarsal process. Tarsal counts: 8(3)-8(3), 13(3)-14(3), 8-8, 8-7.

Penis (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 ). VP subsquare, with proximal and distal portion delimited by a medial constriction, and lateral rounded lobes in the proximal portion; distal border slightly concave. Glans + Stylus columnar, glans with some folds at the base, stylus normally thickened, shorter than the glans, substraight; stylar caps ring-shaped. MS-A/B groups indistinguishable from each other, located on the proximal portion of the VP, with an increase in setae and composed of three to four pairs; MS-C/D groups located in the distal portion of the VP, separated from MS-A/B by a small gap, the setae rearranged into two irregular rows, one laterodistal and one mesodorsal. MS-E presumably present, since they are very small (as in other members of the genus), and were not observable under the magnification used.

Coloration (in alcohol) (Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2 View Figure 2 ). Carapace, DS borders, posterior region and ocularium reticulated in Moderate brown 58, on background Light yellowish brown 76 (in females, it is Dark brown 59 on background Light brown 57). Abdominal scutum Light yellowish brown 76 (in females, it is moderate orange 53), with the scutal areas Moderate brown 58 (in females, it is Strong brown 55). Free tergites Dark grayish yellowish brown 81. Pedipalps, chelicerae and trochanters Strong brown 55 reticulated; remaining segment of the legs Strong brown 55 reticulated with fine mottled Deep orange 51. Stigmatic area Strong brown 55. Tip of cheliceral teeth Deep reddish brown 41.

Female (ICN-Ao-1909) (Fig. 1C, D View Figure 1 ). Differing from male by: ocularium slightly narrower; carapace shorter; coda wider (DS outline type alpha-keyhole); tubercles of area III slightly higher. Chelicerae non-hypertelic, with movable finger thinner. Pedipalpal femur lower and thinner in lateral view. Stigmatic area shorter. Genital operculum wider. Trochanters III and IV narrower; femur IV thinner, without large ventral-subdistal tubercle with hook-like shape and without a ventrodistal rounded trifid tubercle. For color differences, see the color description of the male.

Ovipositor. Dorsal lobes (dl) and ventral lobes (vl) rounded, with four and two pairs of large, acuminated, single-tipped setae, respectively. The dl with three pairs of dorsal setae (ds) distally located and one pair basally located. Lateral region of the ovipositor with one pair of dorso-lateral setae (dls).

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality.

Etymology.

The species is named in honor of our colleague and friend, the arachnologist Andrés F. García, who has greatly enriched the field’s knowledge of Opiliones in Colombia and described the vast majority of species within the genus Phalangodus ; moreover, he was the collector of the type series for this species.