Paratrichodorus uliaensis, Decraemer & Archidona-Yuste & Clavero-Camacho & Vovlas & Cantalapiedra-Navarrete & Alba & Ruiz-Cuenca & Castillo & Juan & Palomares-Rius, 2024

Decraemer, Wilfrida, Archidona-Yuste, Antonio, Clavero-Camacho, Ilenia, Vovlas, Alessio, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Carolina, Alba, Ruiz-Cuenca, Castillo, Pablo, Juan & Palomares-Rius, 2024, Unravelling cryptic diversity in the Paratrichodorus allius- group species complex to resolve eight new species of the genus and new insights on the molecular phylogeny % Nematoda: Trichodoridae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (3), pp. 1-44 : 5-10

Paratrichodorus uliaensis sp. nov. Decraemer et al.

( Figs 1–3A, B ; Table 2)

Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7908CD13-BD88-45CE-BDEA-F24425B2590D

Type material: Holotype. Male extracted from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of grapevine % Vitis vinifera ) at Montemayor * Córdoba province * southern Spain % 37°38 ʹ 11.7 ʹʹ N latitude* 004°42 ʹ 21.9 ʹʹ W longitude) by J. Martín Barbarroja and G. León Ropero * mounted in pure glycerine and deposited in the nematode collection of Ghent University * Ghent * Belgium %slide number UGMD 104445 ).

Paratypes: Male and female paratypes extracted from soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of grapevine at Montemayor * Córdoba province * southern Spain * were deposited in the following nematode collections: Ghent University * Ghent * Belgium %slide numbers males and females paratype UGMD 104445 - UGMD 104449 ) and one male and one female paratypes at the USDA Nematode Collection* Beltsville* MD * USA %collection number T-8015p ).

Additional material examined: An additional population was collected also in grapevine at La Rambla * Córdoba province * Spain % 37°37 ʹ 17.9 ʹʹ N latitude* 4°42 ʹ 13.3 ʹʹ W longitude ).

Etymology: Ŋe species epithet refers to the roman name %Ulia) of Montemayor* the type locality where the type specimens were collected.

Description of male: Body more or less straight* cigar-shaped* ossen with swollen cuticle %3.5–7.5 µm at midbody) upon fixation and anteriorly slightly tapered to a rounded lip region appearing offset by the protruding double papillae %four cephalic and two subdorsal and two subventral outer labial papillae). Onchiostyle rather small %average 33.5 µm long). Pharynx at posterior isthmus either gradually widening to a posterior bulb or bulb more or less marked* usually with a pronounced %8–37 µm) ventral overlap of the ventrosublateral pharyngeal glands* rarely a combination of a short dorsal intestinal and a ventral pharyngeal overlap; posterior ventrosublateral gland nuclei close to pharyngo-intestinal junction. Nerve ring surrounding isthmus; secretory-excretory pore %SE-pore) at level of anterior pharyngeal bulb when pharynx relaxed. A single ventromedian CP at rather a short distance %10–22 µm) anterior to SE-pore. Reproductive system monorchic* testis with short germinal zone %25 µm in holotype)* and sperm with small oval-shaped nucleus %2.5 × 1.5 µm)* closely packed with fibrillar appearance. Spicules medium-sized %average 44.5 µm)* nearly straight* with marked capitulum* blade largely equally wide* but distally tapered* transversely striated* except at extremities. Copulatory muscles hardly developed; capsule of suspensor muscles very thin* around anterior half of spicule; gubernaculum with thickened distal part* parallel to spicules. Bursa narrow* rather short* extending from head of retracted spicule to subterminally on tail. Ŋree precloacal supplements* posterior two %SP1 and SP2) opposite distal half of the retracted spicules with SP1 at about equal distance from cloacal opening and from SP2; SP3 liưle developed and non-protruding* located about 2.5 spicule lengths from the cloacal opening. A pair of well-developed postcloacal supplements close to the cloacal opening* the laưer with a small protruding anterior lip flap %in ventral view visible as two flaps bordering the opening). Tail short* less than one anal body diameter long and rounded conical. A pair of caudal pores subterminally near tail tip; cuticle slightly thicker at tail tip %average 3.5 µm).

Description of female: Body slightly ventrally curved; largely similar to male apart from reproductive system and male secondary features. Digestive system with obvious ventral overlap of pharyngeal glands %15–53 µm). SE-pore at posterior level of isthmus or anterior end of pharyngeal bulb. Reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic with both branches about equally developed* or one branch may be longer in presence of developed oocytes or egg; oviduct cells finely granular; sperm cells* when present* spread along uterus* no spermathecae; vagina more or less barrel-shaped* short [average 8 µm long or 22% of corresponding body diameter %cbd)]; pars refringens vaginae in optical section with minute %1.0–1.5 µm)* rounded* triangular to oval sclerotized pieces* slightly obliquely oriented* tips 2.0–2.5 µm apart; vulva at about midbody %average 55%) and a longitudinal slit in ventral view. Sublateral body pores mostly absent %observed in only three specimens from type population); could be obscured by swelling of body cuticle.

Code oithin the tabular identification key (based on: Decraemer and Baujard 1998): For males:A 212 %average* min.* max.)* B11* C22* D1* E0* F3* G2* H23* I2%4)* J1* K2* L2* M27* N25* O1* P1. For females: A212 %average* min.* max.)* B11* C11* D1* E23* F2 %4)* G3* H53* I1* J13* K2* L3* M1* N1* O2* P25* Q4%1)* R2* S1* T1.

Remarks: In three females * lateral body pores were observed %Q1)* one postvulvar sublateral pore at nearly 2.5 vaginal body diameter from vulva* and one prevulvar sublateral body pore six body diameters anterior to vulva.

Diagnosis and relationships: Paratrichodorus uliaensis sp. nov. is characterized in both sexes by the rather short onchiostyle %smaller than 40 µm) of 33.5 %30–37) µm in males and 35.4 %34–37) µm in females; in males by presence of a single CP* testis with small sperm cells with small nucleus %2.5 × 1.5 µm)* and ossen fibrillar appearance* medium-sized spicules [44.5 %42–47) µm] with marked capitulum and three precloacal supplements with the posterior two within distal half of retracted spicules* and in females by the very short* less than 25% of corresponding body diameter or 22.4% %20.7–23.7 %)* barrel-shaped vagina with minor midway indentation at level of constrictor muscles* minute rounded triangular sclerotized pieces* oblique in orientation and clearly separated from one another* sublateral body pores mostly not observed and vulva in ventral view a longitudinal slit. Sperm spread along uteri.

Based upon the tabular identification keys for males %Decraemer and Baujard 1998)* sorting on primary features F %number of ventromedian precloacal supplements)* feature D %number of CP)* and P %habitus) the new species belongs to species group 6. Further sorting by feature N % type of sperm cells: small cell with small nucleus) grouped the new species with P. catharinae Vermeulen and Heyns 1983 * P. meyeri De Waele and Kilian 1992 * P. paraporosus Khan et al. 1989 * and P. tunisiensis % Siddiqi 1963 ) Siddiqi 1974. Paratrichodorus uliaensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from these four species by a shorter onchiostyle %feature B)* average less than or equal to 40 µm.

For females* sorting on primary features D and C* followed by L and K* resulted in a classification in subgroup 1-12 in Decraemer and Baujard %1998). Further sorting on type of sperm cells %feature P) grouped the new species with the known species P. acaudatus % Siddiqi 1960 ) Siddiqi 1974* P. allius * and P. teres %subgroup 1-12) from which it can be distinguished by the shorter onchiostyle %<40 µm vs.>40µm). Ŋe new species agrees with P. acaudatus in male being common but differs in vagina shape %quadrangular in P. acaudatus ) and in male characteristics such as absence of CP and much longer spicules in P. acaudatus . Paratrichodorus uliaensis sp. nov. differs from both P. allius and P. teres by males being common* from P. allius by location of sperm* i.e. only in the uteri and not in ovarial sac* and from P. teres in shape of vagina without widened midpart.

Figures

Figure 1. Line drawings of Paratrichodorus uliaensis sp. nov.. Male.A* B* pharyngeal region.C* spicules. D* G* posterior body region with copulatory apparatus. E* F* anterior part of testis. Female paratypes. H* I* pharyngeal region.J* K* reproductive system: posterior branch and total system.L* N* vagina region.M* tail region.Holotype male* A* D; paratype male* F; paratype male* E. Specimens from La Rambla locality. Scale bars = 20 µm.

Figure 2. Light micrographs of Paratrichodorus uliaensis sp. nov.. A–D* holotype male.A* pharyngeal region.B* total view. C* testis; D* tail region with copulatory apparatus. Female paratypes. E* reproductive system. F* G* vagina region. Scale bars A* C-G = 10 µm; B = 100 µm.

Figure 3. Line drawings for comparison of vagina in the Paratrichodorus allius species-complex group. A* B* P. uliaensis sp.nov.; C* D. P. benalupensis sp. nov.; E* P.hinogerus sp. nov.; F* G* P.tarifaensis sp. nov.; H* P.asidonaensis sp.nov.; I* P. rocianerus sp. nov.; J* P.litoralis sp. nov.; K* L* P. paraallius sp. nov.; M–P* P.allius based on Sturhan %1989); Q* P.allius* paratype; R* S* P.teres* paratypes.