Paratemnoides guangdongensis Hou, Zhao & Zhang, 2024

Hou, Yanmeng, Zhao, Lingchen & Zhang, Feng, 2024, Five new species of the genus Paratemnoides Harvey, 1991 (Pseudoscorpiones, Atemnidae) from China, Biodiversity Data Journal 12, pp. e 124585-e 124585 : e124585-

Paratemnoides guangdongensis Hou, Zhao & Zhang sp. nov.

Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Xiangbo Guo; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 22FEED8C-8AF0-55E7-886A-9F2C6B9CA28B; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides guangdongensis ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangdong; locality: Meijiang District, Pankeng Park ; verbatimElevation: 232 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24 ° 14.474 ′ N, 116 ° 8.377 ′ E; Event: year: 2018; month: 4; day: 10; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-GD 180410-0201

Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Xiangbo Guo; individualCount: 13; sex: 13 females; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: FBD42E2F-F094-504B-B705-B0EEA49524D9; Taxon: scientificName: Paratemnoides guangdongensis ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangdong; locality: Meijiang District, Pankeng Park ; verbatimElevation: 232 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24 ° 14.474 ′ N, 116 ° 8.377 ′ E; Event: year: 2018; month: 4; day: 10; Record Level: institutionID: the Museum of Hebei University (MHBU); institutionCode: MHBU-GD 180410-020102 – 14

Description

Male (holotype) (Fig. 1 A, Fig. 2 A – F, H, Fig. 3 A, C – G and I). Colour: anterior half of carapace, tergites and palpal coxa dark brown, but paler in posterior half of carapace; pedipalps dark reddish-brown; chelicerae light brown; legs and pleural membrane light yellow.

Carapace (Fig. 2 A): 1.19 × longer than broad; surface smooth, without furrow; anterior half darker than posterior half, dividing line M-shape; with two distinct eyespots situated near anterior margin of carapace; anterior margin with six setae, posterior margin with nine setae, 63 in total, each seta acicular and very slightly curved.

Chelicera (Fig. 3 A and C): surface smooth; four setae (sbs absent) and two lyrifissures (exterior condylar lyrifissure and exterior lyrifissure) present on hand; movable finger with one galeal seta (short and acute); bs and es short and dentate apically, is and ls long and acute; galea present, shorter and with six short branchlets (Fig. 3 A). Serrula interior connected to fixed finger for entire length, proximally modified to form velum, serrula exterior with 21 blades, the basal one longest; lamina exterior present. Rallum composed of four blades, the basal two blades shorter than others, the distal one dentated anteriorly, remainder smooth (Fig. 3 C).

Pedipalp (Fig. 2 B – C, Fig. 3 D and G): stout, trochanter 1.65 ×, femur 2.20 ×, patella 1.81 ×, chela with pedicel (without pedicel) 2.73 × (2.47 ×), hand with pedicel (without pedicel) 1.65 × (1.39 ×) longer than broad; movable chelal finger 0.69 × (0.82 ×) longer than hand with pedicel (without pedicel) and 0.42 × (0.46 ×) longer than chela with pedicel (without pedicel). Setae generally long and acuminate. Retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of femur and patella granular; trochanter with two well-developed conical tubercles; middle part of patella intumescent and spherical. Fixed chelal finger with eight trichobothria, movable chelal finger with four trichobothria: eb and esb situated at base of fixed finger on retrolateral face, esb slightly distal to eb; ib and isb situated at base of fixed finger on prolateral face, isb slightly distal to ib; est in the middle of fixed finger; et near sub-distal of fixed finger; est closer to esb than to et; it distal to est and proximal to et; ist proximal to it and slightly distal to est; it closer to ist than to fingertip; distance between est and esb nearly equal to that of ist and isb; distance between it and fingertip further than distance between ist and isb; b and sb situated at base of movable finger on retrolateral face; t in the middle of movable finger and at same level as it; sb closer to b than to st; st closer to sb than to t (Fig. 3 D). Venom apparatus only present in fixed chelal finger, venom ducts curved and short, terminating in inflated nodus ramosus between et and est, closer to et. Both chelal fingers with a row of acute teeth, spaced contiguously along the margin, slightly rounded proximally: fixed chelal finger with 38–39 teeth; movable chelal finger with 54–56 teeth (nearly as large as teeth on fixed chelal finger); without accessory teeth (Fig. 3 D). Femur without long tactile setae. Movable chelal finger slightly curved in lateral view (Fig. 3 D).

Opisthosoma: generally typical, all setae long and acuminate; pleural membrane longitudinally striate, without setae. Tergites I – V and XI undivided and others incompletely divided, setal bases distinct larger, tergal chaetotaxy I – XI: 9: 10: 10: 14: 14: 12: 16: 13: 14: 16 (4 T): 14 (2 T). All sternites (except sternite XI) divided, darker and darker from sternites Ⅳ to sternites XI, each half sternite with seven long setae, sternites X and XI each with four tactile setae. Anus (tergite Ⅻ and sternite Ⅻ) without raised rim. Anterior genital operculum with four setae on each side, posterior margin with six setae, arranged in a row.

Legs (Fig. 2 D – E, H and Fig. 3 E – F): generally typical, fairly smooth, slightly stout; leg I darker than leg Ⅳ; junction between femora and patellae I and II oblique. Femoropatella of leg Ⅳ 2.56 × longer than deep; tibia 2.95 × longer than deep; with basal tactile setae on tarsal segment: tarsus 3.25 × longer than deep (TS = 0.13); subterminal tarsal setae arcuate and acute. Arolium slightly shorter than claws, not divided; claws smooth.

Dimensions (length / breadth or, in the case of the legs, length / depth in mm). Male (females in parentheses): body length 2.77 (2.90–3.36). Carapace 0.99 / 0.83 (1.00–1.02 / 0.96 – 0.99). Pedipalp: trochanter 0.51 / 0.31 (0.47–0.49 / 0.30 – 0.31), femur 0.77 / 0.35 (0.76–0.78 / 0.34 – 0.37), patella 0.78 / 0.43 (0.76–0.79 / 0.41 – 0.44), chela (with pedicel) 1.34 / 0.49 (1.42–1.48 / 0.50 – 0.57), chela (without pedicel) 1.21 (1.28–1.34), hand (with pedicel) 0.81 (0.95–1.02), movable finger length 0.56 (0.57–0.59). Leg I: trochanter 0.18 / 0.17 (0.18–0.19 / 0.15 – 0.18), femur 0.28 / 0.23 (0.27–0.28 / 0.21 – 0.23), patella 0.47 / 0.21 (0.45–0.47 / 0.20 – 0.21), tibia 0.43 / 0.15 (0.42 / 0.14), tarsus 0.33 / 0.10 (0.31–0.34 / 0.09 – 0.10). Leg IV: trochanter 0.30 / 0.19 (0.33 / 0.21–0.22), femoropatella 0.82 / 0.32 (0.88–0.90 / 0.34 – 0.36), tibia 0.59 / 0.20 (0.63 / 0.20), tarsus 0.39 / 0.12 (0.39–0.41 / 0.12).

Diagnosis

This new species is characterised by (see taxon discussion for more details): anterior half of carapace darker than posterior half, with two distinct eyespots; pedipalp stout, palpal femur 2.20 (♂), 2.11–2.24 (♀), chela with pedicel 2.73 (♂), 2.60–2.84 (♀), chela without pedicel 2.47 (♂), 2.35–2.56 (♀) × longer than broad; dorsal tubercle on trochanter well-developed; movable chelal finger with 54–56 teeth; retrolateral surface of trochanter, prolateral surface of patella, femur and hand granular; middle part of patella intumescent and spherical.

Etymology

Named after the type locality, Guangdong ( China).

Distribution

China (Guangdong) (Fig. 16 ).

Taxon discussion

Before this study, a total of 28 Paratemnoides species have been recorded around the world, of which 16 and one subspecies come from Asia (only one species, P. sinensis , comes from China). Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov. is similar to P. parvus sp. nov., but differs by slender chela (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.73 × vs. 2.54–2.66 × longer than broad) and more movable chelal finger teeth (♂) (54–56 vs. 41–42).

Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. assimilis ( Beier, 1932) by the number of posterior margin setae on the carapace (9 vs. 6), slightly smaller body size and stouter pedipalps (♂) (e. g. body length 2.77 mm vs. 3.30 mm; chela with pedicel 2.73 × vs. 2.60 × longer than broad; chelal hand with pedicel 1.65 × vs. 1.88 × longer than broad, length 0.81 mm vs. 0.94 mm); from P. borneoensis ( Beier, 1932) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 24), smaller body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (e. g. body length 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur length 0.76–0.78 mm vs. 0.68 mm); from P. curtulus ( Redikorzev, 1938) by the arrangement of trichobothria (e. g. distance between est and esb nearly equal to that of ist and isb vs. shorter to that of ist and isb) and the slender chela (♂) (chela with pedicel 2.73 × vs. 2.19 × longer than broad, length 1.34 mm vs. 1.05 mm); from P. indicus ( Sivaraman, 1980) by the presence of more setae on the carapace (63 vs. 46), more movable chelal finger teeth (54–56 vs. 42) and smaller body size (e. g. body length (♂) 2.77 mm vs. 4.02 mm, (♀) 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur (♀) 2.11–2.24 × vs. 2.00 × longer than broad); from P. japonicus ( Morikawa, 1953) by the trait of eyes (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots absent), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 18) and slightly smaller body size (♂) (e. g. body length 2.77 mm vs. 2.97 mm; palpal femur 2.20 × vs. 2.40 × longer than broad, length 0.77 mm vs. 0.81 mm); from P. laosanus ( Beier, 1951) by the presence of more chelal fingers teeth (fixed chelal finger with 38–39 vs. 33 teeth; movable chelal finger with 54–56 vs. 44 teeth) and smaller body length (♂ ♀) (2.77–3.36 mm vs. 3.50–4.00 mm); from P. mahnerti ( Sivaraman, 1981) by the presence of more setae on the carapace (63 vs. 40), the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 19) and relative position of trichobothrium st (st situated closer to sb than to t vs. midway between sb and t); from P. pallidus (Balzan, 1892) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 25), the presence of more movable chelal finger teeth (54–56 vs. 45 teeth) and smaller body size (♀) (e. g. body length 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 4.30 mm); from P. philippinus ( Beier, 1932) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 26) and smaller body size (♂) (e. g. body length 2.77 mm vs. 3.50 mm; chela with pedicel 2.73 × vs. 2.20 × longer than broad; chelal hand length 0.81 mm vs. 0.90 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.56 mm vs. 0.60 mm); from P. plebejus ( With, 1906) by darker body colour (carapace and tergites dark brown vs. yellowish brown), smaller body size (♀) (e. g. body length 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 4.00– 5.70 mm; palpal femur 2.11–2.24 × vs. 2.00 × longer than broad), more chelal fingers teeth (♂) (fixed finger with 38–39 vs. 32 teeth; movable chelal finger with 54–56 vs. 46 teeth) and the trait of pedipalp (prolateral surface of femur and patella granular only vs. almost entire surface granular); from P. pococki ( With, 1907) by darker body colour (carapace and tergites dark brown vs. pale brown) and smaller body size and slender pedipalps (♀) (body length 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 3.87 mm; palpal femur length 0.76–0.78 mm vs. 0.62 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.57–0.59 mm vs. 0.46 mm); from P. politus sp. nov. by slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal femur 2.20 × vs. 1.94–2.00 × longer than broad) and more movable chelal finger teeth (54–56 vs. 48–50); from P. redikorzevi ( Beier, 1951) by more chelal fingers teeth (fixed finger with 38–39 vs. 35 teeth; movable chelal finger with 54–56 vs. 48 teeth), slightly smaller body size and slender pedipalps (e. g. body length (♂) 2.77 mm vs. 3.00 mm; palpal femur (♀) length 0.76–0.78 mm vs. 0.70–0.72 mm; movable finger length 0.57–0.59 mm vs. 0.51–0.57 mm); from P. robustus ( Beier, 1932) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 26) and smaller body length (e. g. body length (♀) 2.90–3.36 mm vs. 4.60 mm; palpal femur (♂) 2.20 × vs. 2.28 × longer than broad, length 0.77 mm vs. 0.91 mm; movable finger length 0.56 mm vs. 0.66 mm); from P. salomonis (Beier, 1935) by the trait of eyespots (with two distinct eyespots vs. eyespots wanting), smaller body length and the slender pedipalps (♂) (e. g., body length 2.77 mm vs. 3.50 mm; palpal femur 2.20 × vs. 2.10 × longer than broad, length 0.77 mm vs. 0.69 mm; chela with pedicel 2.73 × vs. 2.60 × longer than broad; chela without pedicel 2.47 × vs. 2.40 × longer than broad); from P. sinensis by the presence of more movable chelal finger teeth (54–56 vs. 43); from P. sumatranus (Beier, 1935) by the number of serrula exterior blades (21 vs. 24) and smaller body size (♂) (e. g. body length 2.77 mm vs. 2.50 mm; palpal femur 2.20 × vs. 2.30 × longer than broad, length 0.77 mm vs. 0.61 mm; movable chelal finger length 0.56 mm vs. 0.47 mm); from P. trisulcus sp. nov. by stouter pedipalps (♂) (e. g. palpal femur 2.20 × vs. 2.39 × longer than broad); from P. yunnanensis sp. nov. by slender chela (♂) (e. g. chela with pedicel 2.73 × vs. 2.63–2.64 × longer than broad) ( With 1906, With 1907, Beier 1932, Beier 1935 a, Beier 1935 b, Redikorzev 1938, Beier 1951, Morikawa 1953, Sivaraman 1980, Sivaraman 1981, Mathew and Joseph 2019).

Figures

Figure 1. Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov. A holotype male, habitus (dorsal view); B paratype female, habitus (dorsal view). Scale bars: 1.00 mm.

Figure 2. Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov., holotype male (A – F, H), paratype female (G) A carapace (dorsal view); B left pedipalp (dorsal view); C left chela (lateral view); D left leg I (lateral view); E left leg IV (lateral view); F male genital area (ventral view); G female genital area (ventral view); H tarsus of left leg IV (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (A – C, E); 0.20 mm (D, F – H).

Figure 3. Paratemnoides guangdongensis sp. nov., holotype male (A, C – G, I), paratype female (B, H) A male galea; B female galea; C rallum; D left chelal fingers (lateral view), with details of trichobothrial pattern; E left leg I (lateral view); F left leg IV (lateral view); G left pedipalp (dorsal view); H female genital area (ventral view); I male genital area (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.50 mm (F, G); 0.25 mm (D, E, H, I); 0.10 mm (A – C).

Figure 16. Type localities of Paratemnoides species in China.