Parahiraciina Cheng &Yang, 1991 subtribe nov.

Bourgoin, Thierry & Wang, Menglin, 2020, Parahiraciini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae): one new genus, two new species and three new subtribes, ZooKeys 997, pp. 69-94 : 69

Parahiraciina Cheng &Yang, 1991 subtribe nov. Figs 51 , 52

Type genus.

Parahiracia Ôuchi, 1940 [syn. of Fortunia Distant, 1909 ( Gnezdilov et al. 2004)]

Diagnosis.

The subtribe is identified and separated according to the following list of characters:

Hindwings bilobate, strongly notched at CuP with CuP-Pcu-A1 lobe generally wider than Sc-R-MP-CuA lobe; the two lobes almost the same length.

Posterior margin not or indistinctly notched at A1 2.

A2 lobe with anal area posterior to A1 strongly reduced, much shorter and much thinner than the anterior lobes.

Sc-R-MP-CuA and CuP-Pcu-A1 lobes covered with a set of numerous transverse veins.

CuA and CuP not merging before the anterior notch.

Pcu and A1 1 not merging in basal half of forewing.

A2 present, not branched or absent. In some species a transverse a2-a1 connecting A2 with A1 at the level of its basal branching (Tetricodes tamdaoensis Vanslembrouck & Constant, 2018).

Note.

Based on this diagnosis, Parahiraciina constitutes a well-defined group supported by several apomorphic characters (reduced anal lobe, numerous transverse veins) and the molecular analysis results. Accordingly, genera Scantinius , Vindilis and Nisoprincessa are moved to separate new subtribes. They probably all belong to the same higher lineage Parahiraciini based on the apomorphic strong cubital notch of the hindwing.

While Folifemurum , was already excluded from Parahiraciini by Wang et al. (2016), this view was not followed by Gnezdilov (2017). Based on its rounded hemisphaeriini general shape, its apomorphic one lobed hind wing, the medio-carinated frons, and particularly according to the molecular analysis result, it is here transferred to Hemisphaeriini Mongolianina . Gelastyrella is here maintained as a valid genus following Chen et al. (2014) versus Gnezdilov (2009) 's synonymy with Thabena , according to the number of small spines on the first metatarsi (more than 35 in Gelastyrella while less than 21 in Thabena ), the large corpus connective of the phallic complex bearing a large and obvious ventrad expansion (corpus connective reduced and phallic complex without ventrad expansion in Thabena ), and posterior margin of female sternite VII medially quadrate-shaped (triangular in Thabena ) ( Chen et al. 2014).

Figures

Figures 47 - 52. Hindwing pattern and venation. 47, 48 Scantiniina subtrib. nov.: Scantinius bruchoides (Walker, 1858) (modified from Gnezdilov 2012, fig. 3) 49, 50 Vindilisina subtrib. nov.: Vindilis fornicata Stal, 1870 (modified from Gnezdilov 2018, fig. 3) 51, 52 Parahiraciina Cheng & Yang, 1991 subtrib. nov.: Tetricodes tamdaoensis Vanslembrouck & Constant, 2018 (modified from Vanslembrouck and Constant 2018, fig. 4).