Paragiopagurus diogenes ( Whitelegge, 1900 (Whitelegge, 1900)

Lemaitre, R., 1996, Hermit crabs of the family Parapaguridae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from Australia: species of Strobopagurus Lemaitre, 1989, Sympagurus Smith, 1883 and two new genera., Records of the Australian Museum 48 (2), pp. 163-221 : 208-211

Paragiopagurus diogenes ( Whitelegge, 1900 )

Fig. 14d,e, 24

Sympagurus diogenes Whitelegge, 1900: 172 , pI. 34, fig 3 (type locality, by lectotype designation: 3km E of Port Hacking, New South Wales, sta. 35, 34°03.5'S, 151°12.5'E, 40 -69 m).- Alcock, 1905: 173.- Lemaitre, 1989: 37.­ Lemaitre, 1994: 412, fig. 27g.- Springthorpe & Lowry, 1994: 89.

Parapagurus diogenes .- Terao, 1913: 382.- Gordan, 1956: 338.-De Saint Laurent, 1972: 108.- Miyake, 1960: 90, pI. 45, fig. 2.- Miyake, 1975: 326, pI. 117, figs 3, 6.­ Miyake, 1978: 72, figs 26, 27b, pI. 4, fig. 5.- Miyake, 1982: 119, pI. 40, fig. 2.-Baba et aI., 1986: 301, fig. 145.-Yu & Foo, 1991: 70, unnumbered pI.

Not Sympagurus arcuatus diogenes Hale, 1941: 279 . (See remarks)

Type material. Thetis Exp. , New South Wales: LECTOTYPE (herein selected): 1 female ( SL 7.9 mm), 3 km E of Port Hacking , sta. 35, 34°03.5'S, 151°12.5'E, 22 -38 fms (40-69 m), 10 Mar 1898, colI. E. R. Waite, AM G2379 . PARALECTOTYPES: 2 males ( SL 3.9 (dry), 4.4 mm), 12 km E of Wollongong , sta. 48, 34°27'S, 151°04'E, 55- 56 fms (101- 102 m), 18 Mar 1898, colI. E. R . Waite, AM G2380 .

Australian material. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1 female ovig. ( SL 4.7 mm), between Shark Bay and Onslow, 1966, coil. w.w. Poole Bros , WAM 1167-86 . 1 male ( SL 2.7 mm) , 1 female ovig. ( SL 3.2 mm), NW Bluff Pt., CSIRO sta. 204, 27°18'S, 113°16'E, 99 m, 9 Oct 1963, WAM 1199-85 . 2 males ( SL 4.3 , 5.1 mm), about 97 km W of Dongara , MV Sprightly , sta. 34M, 29°07.2'S, 113°56.4'E, 141 m, 19 Feb 1976, WAM 1092 -86 . 8 males ( SL 3.0- 6.3 mm) , 7 females ( SL 3.2- 5.1 mm) , 2 females ovig. ( SL 4.3 , 4.7 mm) , 1 juv. sex indet. ( SL 2.5 mm), about 92 km W of Dongara , MV Sprightly , sta. 18M, 29°11'S, 113°52.2'E, 137 m, 17 Feb 1976, WAM 1144 -86 , 1299-86 , 1301-86 . 6 males ( SL 5.7-9.2 mm), W of Dongara , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 55, 29°15'S, 114°01'E, 146 m, 20 Mar 1972, WAM 1838-86 . 2 males ( SL 3.7 , 5.4 mm) , 1 female ovig. ( SL 5.4 mm), about 73 km W of Cliff Head , MV Sprightly , sta. 22M, 29°31.7'S, 114°15.5'E, 145 m, 18 Feb 1976, WAM 1113-86 . 1 male ( SL 6.7 mm), about 69 km W of Cliff Head , MV Sprightly , sta. 24M, 29°34.1'S, 114°17.4'E, 126 m, 18 Feb 1976, WAM 1098-86 . 1 female ( SL 7.9 mm), NW of Beagle Is. , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 53, 29°48'S, 114°20'E, 216- 256 m, 20 Mar 1972, WAM 1759- 86 . 1 male ( SL 5.5 mm), about 40 km W of Jurien Bay , MV Sprightly, sta. IM , 30021'S, 114°38'E, 15 Feb 1976, WAM 1326 -86 . 2 males ( SL 5.7 , 7.3 mm) , 1 female ( SL 4.3 mm) , 1 female ovig. ( SL 5.2 mm), SW of Jurien Bay , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 107, 30029'S, 114° 40'E, 146 m, 9 Dec 1970, WAM 2207 -86 . 1 juv. sex indet. ( SL 2.5 mm), NW of Green Is. , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 68(3), approx. 30034'S, 114°44'E, 128 m, 22 Mar 1972, WAM 1755-86 . 7 males ( SL 3.2-8.7 mm) , 4 females ( SL 4.0 - 6.1 mm), NW of Green Is. , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 68(1), 30031'S, 114°44'E, 146 - 139 m, 22 Mar 1972, WAM 1696 -86 , 1923 . I male ( SL 8.2 mm), NW Green Is. , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 68/2, 30031'S, 114°44'E, 137-144 m, 22 Mar 1972, WAM 1697 -86 . 7 males ( SL 3.9 - 6.0 mm) , 1 female ( SL 5.2 mm), SW of Jurien Bay , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 108, 30038'S, 114°41'E, 110 m, 9 Dec 1970, WAM 1716-86 . 1 male ( SL 7.6 mm), W. of Lancelin , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 37, 30° 55'S, 114° 48'E, 146 m, 27 Nov 1970, WAM 903 -89 . 1 male ( SL 6.9 mm) , 1 female ( SL 7.5 mm), NW of Rottnest Is., Blue /in, 146 m, 15 Sep 1965, WAM 1998- 86 . 2 males ( SL 4.2 , 4.6 mm), W of Lancelin , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 70, 31°00'S, 114°52.5'E, 146- 150 m, 23 Mar 1972, WAM 1744 -86 . 1 male ( SL 6.9 mm) , 1 female ovig. ( SL 4.3 mm), W of Guilderton , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 77, 31°34'S, 115°06'E, 106- 110 m, 23 Mar 1972, WAM 1695 - 86,1747 - 86.1 male ( SL 8.1 mm), W of Rottnest Is. , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 1, 32°00'S, 115°12'E, 150 m, 5 Mar 1976, coli. B. Hutchins et aI., WAM 393-86 . 1 male ( SL 4.9 mm) , 2 females ovig. ( SL 5.7 , 8.2 mm), W of Rottnest Is. , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 78, 32°00'S, 115°15'E, 146-150 m, 23 Mar 1972, WAM 1699 -86 , 1701-86 . 2 males ( SL 6.4 , 6.4 mm) , 1 female ( SL 4.6 mm), SW of Rottnest Is., Bluefin , 146-152 m, 17 Sep 1965, coli. C. Disley, WAM 395- 86 , 832 - 86,2011 86. 1 female ( SL 5.2 mm), W of Garden Is. , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 32, 32°15'S, 115°01'E, 210-212 m, 17 Mar 1972, WAM . 2 females ( SL 3.7 , 6.7 mm), W of Garden Is. , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 34, 32°19'S, 115°01'E, 148- 154 m, 18 Mar 1972, WAM 1712 -86 . 1 male ( SL 7.2 mm), W of Manduram , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 4, 32°33'S, 115°04'E, 110 m, 23 Nov 1970, WAM 1702 -86 . 1 female ( SL 3.6 mm) , 2 females ovig. ( SL 4.5 , 6.0 mm), NW of Bunbury , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 8, 32°51'S, 114°48'E, 139- 122 m, 15 Mar 1972, WAM 1703 -86 . 2 males ( SL 6.4 , 5.1 mm) , 1 female ( SL 5.8 mm) , 1 female ovig. ( SL 6.0 mm), NW of Bunbury , HMAS Diamantina, sta. 6II, 33°00'S, 114°31'E, 219-221 m, 17 Mar 1972, WAM 2025-86 . 5 males ( SL 3.6- 5.5 mm) , 4 females ( SL 2.7- 4.5 mm), southwest coast ofWesternAustralia, HMAS Diamantina, [no other data], WAM 1711 -86 .

QUEENSLAND: 1 male ( SL 7.1 mm), 1 female ( SL 5.3 mm), 2 females ovig. ( SL 6.2 , 7.0 mm), Marion Plateau, FRV Soe /a, sta. 0685-03, 22°34.8'S, 153°30.1'E, 678-695 m, 16 Nov 1985, NTM Cr 006856. 1 male ( SL 5.5 mm), 18 mi (33.3 km) N of Cape Moreton, FV Gemini, trawled, 113-119 m, sand and dead shell, 19-20 Mar 1970, coli. F. Wallace, QM W4423 . 3 males ( SL 6.5 -8.0 mm), off Cape Moreton, 119 m, trawled, [no date], coil. D. Harris, QM W3336 . 2 males ( SL 6.3 , 6.5 mm), 1 female ovig. ( SL 6.9 mm), sta. 29, Nimbus Creek, Moreton Bay , [no depth], Jan 1968, colI. A.I. Bruce, WAM 203-94 . 2 males ( SL 6.6 , 7.0 mm), off Coundra, coli. R . Elks, QM W3333 . 1 male ( SL 5.8 mm), Mooloolaba (ca 130 km N of Brisbane), 126 -128 m, 12-14 Aug 1967, coil. R . Elks, QM W2848 .

NEW SOUTH WALES: 4 males ( SL 4.3- 7.5 mm), 2 females ( SL 4.3- 5.1 mm), 1 female ovig. ( SL 5.7mm), E of Tweed Heads , FRV Kapala, sta. 78-09-09/10, 28°14'S, 153°50'E, 140 m, 2 Jun 1978, AM P40404 . 1 male ( SL 7.0 mm), E of Brunswick Heads , FRV Kapala, sta. K78-09-16, 28°24'S, 153°31'E, 174 m, 3 Jun 1978, AM P40401 . 2 males ( SL 5.4 , 6.7 mm), 1 female ovig. ( SL 5.7 mm), N of North Solitary Is. , FRV Kapala, sta. K78-16-08, 29°54'S, 153°36'E, 109 m, 2 Aug 1978, AM P40399 . 23 males ( SL 3.0- 6.7 mm), 20 females ( SL 3.2- 5.8 mm), E of Tweed Heads , FRV Kapala, sta. K78- 17-15, 146 m, (no date), AM P40389 . 2 males ( SL 10.0, 10.3 mm), transect between Sydney and Port Stephens , FRV Kapala, 366 m, July 1972, AM P19610 . 1 male ( SL 8.2 mm), off Newcastle, colI. A. d'Ombrain, AM P12327 . 2 males ( SL 7.9 , 9.2 mm), N of Sydney , FRV Kapala, sta. K71- 12-01, 33°40'S, 151°35'E, 137-146 m, 14 Jul 1972, AM P19631 . 5 males ( SL 4.0 - 7.8 mm), 2 females ( SL 4.5 , 5.4 mm), 1 female ovig. ( SL 4.2 mm), E of Dangar Pt., Broken Bay , FRV Kapala, sta. K78- 17-14, 201 m, 17 Aug 1978, AM P40393 . 3 males ( SL 6.3 -9.4 mm), 1 female ( SL 5.1 mm), 19 Jan 1973, coil. Shelf Benthic Survey , AM P40403, P40392 . 1 male ( SL 6.3 mm), E of Sydney , sta. 029, 33°49'S, 151°16'E, 19 Jan 1973, [no depth], coli. Shelf Benthic Survey, AM P40388 . 1 male ( SL 5.4 mm), 5.6 km E of North Head , sta. 901(1), 33°49'30"S, 150021'48"E, 66 m, Apr 1973, colI. AM Shelf Benthic Survey, AM P20708 . 2 males ( SL 8.1 , 8.9 mm), E of Malabar, Sydney , 33°50.6'S, 151°21'E, 66 m, 23 Jan 1973, coil. AM Shelf Benthic Survey, AM P39441 . 2 males ( SL 3.8 , 7.8 mm), 3 females ( SL 3.0- 4.4 mm), 1 female ovig. ( SL 4.4 mm), off Malabar, Sydney , sta. 25, 26 Jan 1973, coil. AM Shelf Benthic Survey, AM P20741 . 5 males ( SL 3.1- 5.7 mm), 2.3 km E of Malabar, Sydney , AM Shelf Benthic Survey, sta. V , 33°59'27"S, 151°16'48"E, AM P40397 . 1 male ( SL 11.5 m), off Botany , 81 m, Aug 1921, AM P5594 . 1 male ( SL 10.9 mm), Burrawarra Hea, Bateman's Bay , 91 m, AM P9329 . 1 male ( SL 12.4 mm), 38 km NNE of Montague Is. , 164 m, Sep 1926, AM P9312 . 1 female ( SL 8.7 mm), 16 km E of Montague Is. , 137 m, 11 Jul 1925, AM P8218 . 2 males ( SL 8.3 , 9.1 mm), off southern part of New South Wales coast, 73 m, AM P11435 .

VICTORIA: 1 male ( SL 10.8 mm), off Cape Everard , 119 m, Aug 1948, coil. W. French, NMV 110990 .

Diagnosis. Intermediate gills. Shield ( Fig. 24a ) as broad as long; dorsal surface weakly calcified medially, and with low blister-like tubercles; rostrum broadly rounded, with short mid-dorsal ridge; anterior margins weakly concave; lateral projections subtriangular, with terminal spine; posterior margin broadly rounded. Ocular peduncles more than half length of shield, with dorsal longitudinal row of setae. Cornea slightly dilated. Ocular acicles subtriangular, terminating in strong spine usually directed anteromesially. Sternite of 3rd maxillipeds with small spine on each side of midline. Epistome with strong, straight spine. Antennular peduncle long, slender, exceeding distal margin of corneae by nearly entire length of ultimate segment. Antennal peduncle ( Fig. 24b ) exceeding distal margin of cornea by at most 0.20 length of 5th segment; 3rd segment with strong ventromesial distal spine; acicles curved outward (in dorsal view), not exceeding distal margin of corneae, and armed mesially with 4 to 7 strong spines; flagellum long, reaching to or slightly exceeding extended right cheliped, articles with very short setae interspersed with long setae every 5 to 15 articles. Chelipeds markedly dissimilar, glabrous or at most with scattered short setae, carpi and chelae usually iridescent dorsally. Right cheliped ( Fig. l4d,e ) with small tubercles or spines on dorsal surfaces of carpus and chela (tubercles or spines decreasing in size and number with increased size of individuals); fingers curved ventromesially; palm with dorsolateral margin well delimited by row of blunt to sharp spines, mesial face rounded. Left cheliped ( Fig. 24c ) with dorsolateral face of carpus frequently weakly calcified; chela with dorsomesial row of few small spines; carpus with irregular row of small spines dorsally. Ambulatory legs ( Fig. 24 d-f) reaching to tip of right cheliped, unarmed except for dorsodistal spine on carpus; dactyls approximately 1.8 times as long as propodus, each with ventromesial row of about 8 to 14 corneous spines. Anterior lobe of sternite of 3rd pereopods unarmed, or rarely with small blunt marginal spine. Fourth pereopod ( Fig. 24g,h ) with dactyl terminating in sharp corneous claw (longer and more slender in females than in males); propodal rasp consisting of 1 row of rounded scales. Uropods and telson markedly asymmetrical; telson ( Fig. 24k ) with weak transverse suture; dorsal surface usually with low, blister-like tubercles; posterior lobes separated by narrow cleft, terminal margin of lobes armed with numerous corneous spines (often strongly curved on left lobe). Male 1st gonopods (Fig. 241) each with concave distal lobe; 2nd gonopods ( Fig. 24j ) each with distal segment setose on distomesial face, and row of short bristle-like setae on lateral margin. Females occasionally with paired 1st pleopods; with vestigial 2nd right pleopod.

Distribution. Western Pacific: Japan; China Sea; and Australia. Depth: 40 to 695 m.

Colour. In fresh specimens, general colour orange or reddish (in preservative, colour fades to cream white except on chelipeds where patterns remain for considerable time). Chelipeds with fingers cream white; dorsal surface of carpus and chela orange or reddish, iridescent, fading to white laterally. Walking legs orange or reddish, fading to cream white towards the dactyls. Carpi of chelipeds and walking legs each with dark red band proximally. Merus of right cheliped with dark red stripe dorsomesially. Carapace and chelae with small, scattered red spots.

Affinities. Paragiopagurus diogenes most closely resembles two species recently described from French Polynesia (as Sympagurus ), P bougainvillei ( Lemaitre, 1994) , and P wallisi ( Lemaitre, 1994) . Paragiopagurus diogenes can be separated readily from those two species by differences in coloration, or in the absence of colour, by the weaker armature of the carpus and chela of the right cheliped in P diogenes than in the two from French Polynesia.

Remarks. Whitelegge (1900: 177), in his description of Sympagurus diogenes , listed an "adult female" and a "young male" (AM G2379, G2380). He included measurements for one specimen without indicating sex; obviously they correspond to the female which is larger in size. While examining type material deposited in the Australian Museum, however, an additional male specimen was found labelled "co-type" (dry, and catalogued under the same number as the other male, AM G2380). This dry male specimen was collected at the same date and locality as the male listed by Whitelegge (see Springthorpe & Lowry, 1994). In order to avoid any potential confusion, and considering that Whitelegge's species is the type of Paragiopagurus n.gen., a lectotype is herein selected for Whitelegge's taxon.

The female used by Whitelegge (1900) has paired 1st pleopods. It is not uncommon for this condition to occur in some female individuals of other parapagurid species, such as Sympagurus pictus Smith, 1883 , and S. dimorphus (see Lemaitre, 1989). Whitelegge's (1900: pI. 34, fig. 3) photograph was evidently reversed during the printing process as it shows the larger cheliped on the left side rather than on the right.

Hale (1941) considered Whitelegge's (1900) Sympagurus diogenes (= Paragiopagurus diogenes [ Whitelegge, 1900]) a subspecies of S. arcuatus , based on the dense pilosity of the right cheliped that he (Hale) observed in specimens from Tasmania and Macquarie Island. The surface of the chelipeds in Paragiopagurus diogenes is glabrous, at most with only scattered setae. Although Hale did not give any other information on his specimens, and they have not been available for examination, it is clear that they are not of P diogenes , and instead represent some other undetermined species.

This species is among the most common parapagurids in Australian waters, and is frequently found in depths less than 100 m.

Figures

Fig. 24. Paragiopagurus diogenes (Whitelegge,1900). a, shield and cephalicappendages;b, rightantennal peduncle, lateral; c, left cheliped; d,right 2 ndpereopod, lateral;e, right 3rd pereopod, lateral;f, of same, mesial; g, propodus and dactyl of male left 4thpereopod, lateral;h, propodus and dactyl offemale left 4th pereopod, lateral;i,left male 1 stgonopod,mesial;j, left male 2nd gonopod, anterior;k, Scales = 2 mm (a), 1 mm (b,g, i-k), 3 mm (c-t), and 0.5 mm (h).(New South Wales:a-g a-g,i-k, male 8.1 mm], AM P3944l; h,female [SL SL 4.0mm], AMP40389

Fig. 4. Sympagurus brevipes (De Saint Laurent, 1972). a,b, exopod of uropods, dorsal: a, left; b, right; c, telson; d, posterior lobes of telson; e, male left 1st gonopod, mesial; f, male left 2nd gonopod, anterior. Scales = 2 mm (a-c), 3 mm (d), and 2 mm (e,f). (a-c, holotype male [SL 12.9 mm], Indonesia, ZMA DeI03.103; d, paratype female [SL 14.0 mm], Philippines, USNM 168913; male [SL 22.0 mm], Western Australia, AM P39443).