Parafontaria laminata (Attems, 1909)

Tanabe, T., 2002, Revision of the millipede genus Parafontaria VerhoeV, 1936 (Diplopoda, Xystodesmidae), Journal of Natural History 36 (18), pp. 2139-2183 : 2156-2160

Parafontaria laminata (Attems, 1909)

(gures 3, 6E, F, 10F–I, 13D, 15E, 18, 19)

Fontaria coarctata laminata Attems, 1909: 29 , gures 14, 15, syntypes (one male with prepared gonopods and a second preparation of male gonopods only; these preparations made by previous worker, NMW, examined), three females (ZSM, examined), some other syntypes may have been deposited elsewhere, type locality: Mangaeshi, Mt Fuji-san, Suntô-gun , Shizuoka Prefecture.

Fontaria (Parafontaria) armigera VerhoeV, 1936b: 301, gures 4–6, syntypes (one male (gonopods and pregonopodal legs prepared by previous worker) and one female, ZSM, examined), type locality: Suwa-shi , Nagano Prefecture. NEW SYNONYMY .

Fontaria (Parafontaria) kuhlgatzi VerhoeV, 1937: 318, gures 1, 2, syntypes (one male (gonopods and pregonopodal legs prepared) and a preparation of gonopods of another male, these preparations made by previous worker, ZSM, examined), type locality: Unazuki-cho, Shimomikawa-gun , Toyama Prefecture. NEW SYNONYMY .

Japonaria (Japonaria) laminata: Attems, 1938: 177 , gure 194.

Japonaria (Parafontaria) armigera: Attems, 1938: 179 .

Fontaria (Parafontaria) kuhlgatzi montana VerhoeV, 1941: 67, gures 5, 6, syntypes (three males (gonopods and pregonopodal legs prepared by previous worker) and one female, preoccupied by Fontaria montana Bollmann, 1887 (currently Apheloria montana (Bollmann, 1887) , ZSM, examined), type locality: Mt On-take, Kiso-gun, Nagano Prefecture. Synonymized with Parafontaria laminata armigera VerhoeV, 1936 by Shinohara (1989: 44).

Fontaria (Parafontaria) aculeata VerhoeV, 1941: 68, a preparation of gonopods and their adjacent legs of male holotype (this preparation made by previous worker, ZSM, examined), type locality: Mt On-take, Kiso-gun, Nagano Prefecture. Synonymized with Parafontaria kuhlgatzi (VerhoeV, 1937) by Shinohara (1989: 45) .

Japonaria laminata laminata: Takakuwa, 1942: 42 ; 1954: 79, gures 82, 83; Miyosi, 1959: 88, pl. 5, gures 78, 79.

Japonaria laminata armigera: Takakuwa, 1942: 42 , gure 6; 1954: 79; Miyosi, 1959: 88, pls 5, 6, gures 87–89, 100.

Japonaria laminata kuhlgatzi: Myosi, 1959: 89 , pl. 5, gures 80, 81.

Japonaria laminata montana: Miyosi, 1959: 88 , pl. 5, gures 82–84.

Japonaria laminata aculeata: Miyosi, 1959: 88 , pl. 5, gures 85, 86.

Parafontaria laminata laminata: HoVman, 1978: 221 , gures 6, 7; Niijima and Shinohara, 1988: 258, gures 1, 2A; Shinohara, 1989: 44, gures 1–3; Murakami, 1993: 99.

Parafontaria laminata armigera: HoVman, 1978: 221 ; Niijima and Shinohara, 1988: 258, gure 2B; Shinohara, 1989: 44, gures 4–6.

Parafontaria laminata monticola HoVman, 1978: 222 . New name in replacement of Fontaria (Parafontaria) kuhlgatzi montana VerhoeV, 1941. Synonymized with Parafontaria laminata armigera VerhoeV, 1936 by Shinohara (1989: 44).

Parafontaria echizenensis Shinohara, 1986: 1 , gure 1, male holotype (NSMT, examined), female paratype (not found), type locality: CJ, 800 m alt., Shimouchinami, Ôno-shi, Fukui Prefecture; Niijima and Shinohara, 1988: 259, gure 2D; Shinohara, 1989: 46, gures 12–15; Murakami, 1993: 99. NEW SYNONYMY.

Parafontaria kuhlgatzi: Niijima and Shinohara, 1988: 259 ; Shinohara, 1989: 45, gures 7–11; Murakami, 1993: 99.

Diagnosis. Similar to P. crenata but separable from that species by the mesal 2014 (process gures 10 of F the –I, 11 gonopods A) and in which having is brown larger than stripes the along apical the process posterior of margins the gonopods of the February of metatergites the Male gonopods (based. Similar on (gure male to 6 P F from., longa H) Miyanoshita. but diVering, Hakone-machi in lacking a tibiotarsal, Kanagawa inner Prefecture process, 13 27 km distant from type locality, because male syntype in bad condition). 09 Gonopodal characters as follows (gures 6E, F, 10H). Telopodite forming one and: a half loops. Femur with femoral bend and mesal tooth, without lateral tooth. 23 at Tibiotarsus bent dorsally near border between femur and tibiotarsus; tibiotarsal] process long and slender, located at three-quarters of length, extending along main Bath branch of tibiotarsus, not completely visible in mesal view; apical process small; of mesal process spatulate, larger than apical process; solenomerite forming small University stripes process Colour Female along. in syntype posterior life (based (one margins of on female same of metatergites male syntypes as above).. Coxae). Tergites and sternite orange of, with segment brown 3 [by modi ed as in gure 13D. Cyphopodal bellows tube soft, not sclerotized, without Downloaded in MTW at Variation Measurements gure region 5.14 10 on F (– 4.4. I posterior. Geographic –6.3 (in). mm Females surface, mean variation (( N = gure (range 22 of) 15: )) the HW E.). distal Males 3.47 (parts 3.1 (N – = 3.9 of 24)) the,: MTW HW gonopods 3.21 5.48 ((5.0 2.9 is shown – – 6.5 3.9)).,

Distribution (gure 3). Honshu: Tochigi, Gunma, Chiba, Tokyo, Kanagawa,

Niigata, Ishikawa, Fukui, Yamanashi, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka and Shiga

Prefectures.

Remarks. Parafontaria laminata laminata , P. laminata armigera , P. kuhlgatzi and P. echizenensis have been distinguished from each other by minor diVerences in the morphology of the distal part of the gonopods. This morphology varies continuously among populations of these nominal species and subspecies. Moreover,

no sympatries or overlaps of distributional range among these species have been found. It is hence proposed that these species and subspecies are treated as single species.

For outbreaks, a reference of external anatomy, and defensive substances of this species, see the Biology section.

Specimens examined. Tochigi Prefecture: Fagus crenata forest, 1300 m alt .,

Kawamata Spa, Kuriyama-mura, Shioya-gun , 22 May 1985 (W. Suzuki), one 2014 February 13 09: 23 at] Bath of University [by Downloaded female. Lakeside of Lake Kawamata, Kuriyama-mura, Shioya-gun, 13 July 1985 (W. Suzuki), one male, one female. Quercus crispula forest, Mt Maru-yama, 1300 m alt., Nikko-shi, 21 October 1983 (K. Ishii), three males, six females. Gunma Prefecture: Fagus crenata forest, 1500 –1750 m alt., Jyubeeike, Sanpei-tôge Pass, Ozegahara, Katashina-mura, Tone-gun, 8 October 1985 (T. Nakamura), one male, one female. Amida-sawa, 1200 m alt., Mt Sennokura-dake, Niiharu-mura, Tonegun, 10 October 1970 (H. Kato), 13 males, seven females. Nosori, Kuni-mura, Agatsuma-gun, 14 July 1984 (K. Yoshikawa), three males. Lake Nosori-ko, Kunimura, Agatsuma-gun, 24 November 1991, collector unknown, one male, ve females. Quercus crispula and Larix kaempferi mixed forest, Budô-tôge Pass, 1500 m alt., Ueno-mura, Tano-gun, 18 October 1983 (K. Ishii), one male, three females. Saitama Prefecture: Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa mixed forest, experimental plantation of University of Tokyo, Irikawa, Ôtaki-mura, Chichibu-gun, 26 October 1988 (O. Nakamura, K. Niijima and K. Fukuyama), 14 males, 22 females. Terai, Ôtaki-mura, Chichibu-gun, 31 October 1996 (G. Ito), one male, three females. Chiba Prefecture: Mt Mitsuishi-san, 250 m alt., 3 May 1970 (K. Ishii), seven males, eight females. Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa mixed forest, Koonosawa, Mt Kiyosumi-san, Amatsukominato-machi, Awa-gun, 25 July 1982 (K. Ishii), three males, ve females. CJ, Kyodai, Mt Kiyosumi-san, Amatsukominato-machi, Awa-gun, 25 July 1982 (K. Ishii), two females. Locality as above, 20 May 1979, collector unknown, one male. Tamichi, Mt Kiyosumi-san, Amatsukominato-machi, Awa-gun, 24 July 1982 (K. Ishii), ve 7S females. Locality as above, 24 April 1983 (K. Ishii), one male, two females. Mt Kiyosumi-san, Amatsukominato-machi, Awa-gun, 14 September 1975 (K. Ishii), three males, two females. Locality as above, 24 April 1983 (K. Ishii), one male. Locality as above, 350 m alt., 1972 (Kato), two females. Locality as above, 14 September 1975 (K. Ishii), one female. Locality as above, CJ, 2 November 1978 (H. Matsumoto), three males. Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa mixed forest, 350 m alt., Mt Kanô-san, Kimitsu-shi, 22 May 1982 (Kawana), four males, 10 females. Tokyo Prefecture: Fagus crenata forest, Ôsawairi, 700 m alt., Okutama-machi, Nishitama-gun, 23 September 1983 (K. Niijima), eight males, 16 females. Mt Mutsuishi-san, 1500–1700 m alt., Okutama-machi, Nishitama-gun, 10 May 1981 (H. Okamura), nine males, two females. Mt Takanosu-san, Okutama-machi, Nishitama-gun, 22 July 1981 (H. Okamura), one male, one female. Kanagawa Prefecture: Miyanoshita, Hakone-machi, 27 May 1986 ( TT), one male, one female. Motohakone, Hakone-machi, 14 August 1993 ( SY), three males, one female. Hakone-machi, 15 May 1969 (M. Takano), one male. Locality as above, 9 August 1974 (M. Takano), one male, one female. Niigata Prefecture: Mt Makihata-san, 1300 m alt., Shiozawa-machi, Minamiuonuma-gun, 6 October 1984 (M. Kiguchi), two females. Fagus crenata forest, 1300 m alt., Mt Naeba-san, Nakasato-mura, Nakauonuma-gun, 16 October 1986 (S. Ikeda and S. Kaneko), one male, one female. Fagus crenata forest, Tsubame Spa, foot of Mt Myôkô-san, Myôkô-mura, Nakakubiki-gun, date and collector unknown, one female. Toyama Prefecture: types of Fontaria (Parafontaria) kuhlgatzi (see synonymy), date and collector unknown. Ishikawa Prefecture: Kurikara-tôge Pass, 280 m alt., Tsubata-machi, Kahoku-gun, 12 May 1985 (H. Tokumoto), three males, one female. CJ, Kokyô-machi, Kanazawashi, 23 July 1993 ( TT), one male. Quercus serrata and Pinus densi ora mixed forest, Takao, Kanazawa-shi, 16 July 1991 (H. Tokumoto), one male. CJ, 100 m alt., Butsudai-ji Temple, Tatsunokuchi-machi, Nomi-gun, 9 May 1982 (H. Tokumoto),

one male. Fukui Prefecture: CJ , 800 m alt., Shimouchinami, Ôno-shi , 10 June 1982 (H. Kasahara), male holotype of Parafontaria echizenensis , two males, seven females. CJ , 600 m alt., Kanemidani, Imadate-cho, Imadate-gun , 16–17 October 1985 (M. Takahashi) , two males, one female. Yamanashi Prefecture: Larix kaempferi forest, 1300 m alt., Kiyosato Highlands, Ôizumi-mura, Kitakoma-gun , 22 July 1977 ( KS) , six males, two females. Mt Kentoku-san, 800 m alt., Mitomi-mura, Hiagashiyamanashi-gun , 1 October 1972 (T. Suzuki) , one male, one female. Fagus crenata and Quercus crispula mixed forest, 1600 m alt., Yanagisawa-tôge Pass, Enzanshi , 30 September 1980 (K. Ishii) , 32 males, 61 females. Locality as above, 9 October 1988 ( KS) , two males, two females. Locality as above, 1980 ( KS) , one male. Daibosatsu-tôge Pass, Enzan-shi , 15 September 1980 (K. Tomizawa) , one male, one female. Nagano Prefecture: types of Fontaria (Parafontaria) armigera (see synonymy), date and collector unknown. Types of Fontaria (Parafontaria) kuhlgatzi montana (see

2014 synonymy Neko-dake),, date Sanada-machi and collector, Chiisagata-gun unknown. Broad-leaved, 3 August forest 1968, 1800 (KS –), 1900 29 m males alt.,, Mt 14

February and females Locality collector. Sugadaira and collector as above, Sanada-machi, as 15 above August, 3, 1980 Chiisagata-gun August, three 1968 males, two, 2. August Locality males, 1968 two as above (females KS),, two May. Locality males 1970.

13 (Kobayashi), one female. Ôkura-tôge Pass, 1200 m alt., Minamimaki-mura,

09 Minamisaku-gun, 17 October 1983 (K. Ishii), eight males, four females. Nobeyama,

:

23

Minamimaki-mura, Minamisaku-gun, October 1983 (K. Niijima), three males, one at female, one 7S male, one 7S female. Locality as above, 24 September 1984 ( KS) ,

Bath

]

Locality ve males and, one collector female. as Locality above, as 16 above August, 25 1986 September, six males 1984, (15 KS females), one. female Larix .

of kaempferi forest, Mt Imori-yama, 1300 m alt., Minamimaki-mura, Minamisaku-gun,

University (

17 forest Suzuran Y. August Mihara, 1500, Mt 1984), m two Norikura-dake alt (KS males., and Yakoori, two K., Niijima, females Nagawa-mura Yachiho-mura)., Broad-leaved three males ,, Minamiasumi-gun Minamisaku-gun, eight deciduous females forest.,, Larix 14 October, 1450 May kaempferi m 1977 1985 alt.,

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by (T. Yoshida), four males, four females. Tobira-tôge Pass, Matsumoto-shi, 4 October

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1976 males mixed collector, (Yoshida forest 11 females, unknown 1400), seven. m Types alt. males Niekawa., of Kosobe Fontaria , four —, Narai females Shiojiri-shi ( Parafontaria , 870. Larix –, 930 9) September kaempferi m aculeata alt., Narakawa-mura (see and 1983 synonymy Pinus (T. Takei densi ,), Kiso-) date, ora 13 gun, 24 September 1920 (collector unknown) collected—cultured— 5 February 1981 xed, eight males, 10 females. Kataoka, 1000 m alt., Shiojiri-shi, 7 May 1985 (M. Katakura), one male, one female. Gifu Prefecture: Quercus crispula forest, 940 m alt., Ôdô, Nyukawa-mura, Ôno-gun, 8 October 1985 (K. Niijima), three males, three females. Larix kaempferi forest, Yoshino, 600 m alt., Kamitakara-mura, Yoshiki-gun, 8 October 1985 (K. Niijima), three males, three females. CJ, 700 m alt., Shimosadani, Kamitakara-mura, Yoshiki-gun, 8 October 1985 (H. Matsumoto), three males, three females. Fagus crenata forest, 1200 m alt., Magari — Mt Sanpouiwadake, Shirakawa-mura, Ôno-gun, 13 October 1996 (Y. Takai), one male. Fagus crenata forest, 1200 m alt., Magari, Shirakawa-mura, Ôno-gun, 7 September 1997 (Y. Takai), one male. Ôshirakawa, Shirakawa-mura, Ôno-gun, 3 August 1986 (Y. Takai), one male. Mt Ôhi-dake , 1060–1100 m alt., Takasu-mura, Gujo-gun, 12 July 1984 (Y. Nishikawa), one male. CJ, 800 m alt., along Itoshiro River , Shirotori-cho, Gujo-gun, 2 November 1986 (S. Ikeda), one male. Kamiji, Yamatocho, Gujo-gun, 28 October 1991 (Y. Takai), three females. Kanmuriyama-tôge Pass ,

2014 February 13 09: 23 at] Bath of University [by Downloaded Fujihashi-mura, Ibi-gun, 10 October 1986 (Y. Takai), two males, 12 females. Chyunou High School, Mugi-machi, Mugi-gun, 2 August 1989 (Y. Takai), one female. Shizuoka Prefecture: types of Fontaria coarctata laminata (see synonymy), date and collector unknown. Mt Ômuro-yama, Ito-shi, 1980 (H. Saito), 19 males, eight females. Entrance of Kaminari-ana Pot, 1300 m alt., Mt Kansu-yama, Suyama, Susono-shi, 21 September 1969 (S. Ueno), four males, three females, Susono-shi, 21 September 1969 (S. Ueno), one male, one female. Fagus crenata forest, Hacchôike, northern entrance of tunnel, 800 m alt., Amagi-tôge Pass, Ito-shi, 29 September 1952 ( KS), six males, one female. Shiga Prefecture: CJ, near Takaiwabashi Bridge, Tagacho, Inukami-gun, 4 May 1982 (N. Kaneko), four males, six females. CJ, southern slope of Mt Fujiwara-dake, 500 m alt., Kimigahata — Ibarakawa, Eigenji-cho, Kanzaki-gun, 4 May 1982 (N. Kaneko), 14 males, eight females. Hirudani, Eigenjicho, Kanzaki-gun, 4 May 1982 (N. Kaneko), three males. Locality and collector as above, 11 October 1984, seven males, eight females. Hasuike, Ôtsu-shi, 30 July 1971 ( KS), one male.

Literature records. There are many literature records for P. laminata , e.g. Iwanami and Niijima (1981) and Niijima and Shinohara (1988).