Parachondria salleanus ( Pfeiffer, 1850 )

Watters, G. Thomas, 2016, Review of the Hispaniolan Parachondria (Chondropomorus) complex (Gastropoda: Littorinoidea: Annulariidae), Zootaxa 4127 (2), pp. 245-275 : 268-271

Parachondria salleanus ( Pfeiffer, 1850)

Figures 4 X–AF, 6 A

Type material. Cyclostoma salleanum Pfeiffer, 1850 : NHMUK, possible syntypes, three unnumbered specimens originally glued to a board, two loose (1 broken), from Cuming collection, bear Pfeiffer's handwriting "St. Domingo.” None match illustration in Pfeiffer (1854). Cyclostoma litturatum Pfeiffer, 1850 : ZMB 65625, possible syntype. Chondropoma salleanum cookei Bartsch, 1946 : NMNH 491999, holotype.

Type locality. Cyclostoma salleanum Pfeiffer, 1850 : Pfeiffer (1850) did not give a specific type locality. Bartsch (1946: 8) stated “Pfeiffer’s specimens were collected at Tablaso near Santo Domingo City” but it is not clear how he knew this; the label to the possible syntypes only states Santo Domingo. There is an Arroyo El Tablaso near Hacienda Estrella in Monte Plata Province, ca. 25 km north of the center of Santo Domingo, but it is not known if this is the same as Bartsch’s locality. It lies ca. 40 km away on a different part of the mountain range from my examples. Cyclostoma litturatum Pfeiffer, 1850 : “ in insula Haiti ” [“probably… came from Azua,” fide Bartsch, 1946: 8]. Chondropoma salleanum cookei Bartsch, 1946 : “ USGS station 8597 on a limestone hill south of Hatillo, 12 miles southwest of Cotui in the Province of La Vega, Dominican Republic.”

Type figured. Cyclostoma salleanum Pfeiffer, 1850 : Pfeiffer, 1854, pl. 37, figs. 13 and 14 may be the figured type but see Type Material above. Cyclostoma litturatum Pfeiffer, 1850 : Pfeiffer 1854, pl. 37, figs. 21 and 22 are probably the figured type. Chondropoma salleanum cookei Bartsch, 1946 : Bartsch, 1946, pl. 1, fig. 8.

Cresonymy. Cyclostoma salleanum Pfeiffer, 1850: 78 ; Pfeiffer, 1854: 274–275, pl. 37, figs. 13, 14.

I–W. Parachondria (Chondropomorus) pilsbryi ( Bartsch, 1946) . I. Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) pilsbryi pilsbryi Bartsch, 1946 : NMNH 515241, holotype, 16.2 mm. J. Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) pilsbryi nonuni Bartsch, 1946 : NMNH 515243, holotype, 15.7 mm. K, L. UF 216762, 13.4 mm. M. UF 216764, 15.8 mm. N. UF 216750, 14.9 mm. O. UF 216750, 11.7 mm. P. UF 216472, 12.7 mm. Q. UF 216472, 12.2 mm. R, UF 216756, 16.5 mm. S. UF 216757, 13.4 mm. T. UF 216757, 14.6 mm. U. UF 216756, 14.0. V. UF 216756, detail of spire. W. UF 216757, detail of suture.

X–AF. Parachondria (Chondropomorus) salleanus ( Pfeiffer, 1850) . X. Cyclostoma litturatum Pfeiffer, 1850 : Pfeiffer, 1854: pl. 37, fig. 21. Y. Cyclostoma salleanum Pfeiffer, 1850 : NHMUK, probable syntype. ca. 19 mm. Z, AA. OSUM 22091, 18.3 mm. AB. UF 23218, 14.7 mm. AC. UF 216420, 19.2 mm. AD. GTW 7083a, 18.1 mm. AE. UF 23218, detail of spire. AF. UF 23218, detail of suture.

AG–AM. Parachondria (Chondropomorus) stigmosus new species. AG, AH. UF 216426, holotype, 15.0 mm. AI. UF 216426, paratype 1, 15.3 mm. AJ. UF 216426, paratype 4, 13.9 mm. AK. UF 216424, 13.7 mm. AL. UF 216426, holotype, detail of spire. AM. UF 216426, holotype, detail of suture.

Cyclostoma litturatum Pfeiffer, 1850: 78 ; Pfeiffer, 1854: 276–277, pl. 37, figs. 21, 22.

Chondropoma salleanum ( Pfeiffer, 1850) . Pfeiffer, 1851: 172; Pfeiffer, 1852a: 44, 279–280; Pfeiffer, 1852b: 44; Pfeiffer, 1852f: 197–198; Adams & Adams, 1858: 295; Pfeiffer, 1858: 137; Reeve, 1863: pl. 2, figs. 10a, b; Pfeiffer, 1865: 147; Pfeiffer, 1876: 191; Kobelt, 1880: 277; Crosse, 1891: 171.

Chondropoma litturatum ( Pfeiffer, 1850) . Pfeiffer, 1851: 172; Pfeiffer, 1852a: 44, 281–282; Pfeiffer, 1852b: 44; Adams & Adams, 1856: 295; Hjalmarson & Pfeiffer, 1858: 142; Pfeiffer, 1858: 138; Bland, 1861: 355; Pfeiffer, 1862: 94; Reeve, 1863: pl. 4, fig. 26; Pfeiffer, 1865: 147; Pfeiffer, 1876: 192; Weinland, 1876: 173; Kobelt, 1880: 277; Weinland, 1880: 345; Crosse, 1891: 171 –172, 175.

Cyclostoma salleanum var. Pfeiffer, 1854: 274–275, pl. 37, figs. 17, 18.

Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) salleanum ( Pfeiffer, 1850) . Henderson & Bartsch, 1920: 61.

Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) litturatum ( Pfeiffer, 1850) . Henderson & Bartsch, 1920: 61; Clench & Aguayo, 1937: 65; Bartsch, 1946: 9 –10, pl. 1, fig. 10.

Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) salleanum salleanum ( Pfeiffer, 1850) . Bartsch, 1946: 8 –9, pl. 1, fig. 9; Watters, 2006: 46, 459.

Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) salleanum cookei Bartsch, 1946: 9 , pl. 1, fig. 8; Watters, 2006: 46, 459–460.

Parachondria (Parachondria) litturatus ( Pfeiffer, 1850) . Watters, 2006: 46, 336–337.

Parachondria (Parachondria) salleanus salleanus ( Pfeiffer, 1850) . Watters, 2006: 46, 459.

Parachondria (Parachondria) salleanus cookei ( Bartsch, 1946) . Watters, 2006: 46, 459–460.

Distribution and habitat. From Azua to San Cristóbal on the southeastern edge of the Paralta Belt, a series of Eocene–Oligocene sedimentary sequences of the southeastern Cordillera Central. Under leaf litter and talus, on limestone slopes in mesic vegetation to at least 1000 m. The presence of this species in the Jardín Botánico Nacional “Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso” in Santo Domingo city (GTW 7083c) may be due to an anthropogenic introduction. Locally abundant.

Material examined (265 specimens). Dominican Republic. UF 216420(26), 110 m, 13 km NNW of Pizarrette, Peravia Province; UF 23218(17), 70 m, 13 km NE of Pizarrette, San Cristóbal Province; UF 216518(10), 1000 m, 8 km NNE of Palmar de Ocoa, Azua Province; GTW 7083a(1), San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal Province; OSUM 22091(4), El Borbón, San Cristóbal Province; UF 216628(6), UF 216629(15), UF 216870(5), UF 216874(67), 620 m, 3 km E of El Majagual, San Cristóbal Province; UF 45879(22), 3 km ESE of El Majagual, San Cristóbal Province; UF 216873(13), 4 km E of El Majagual, San Cristóbal Province; UF 216875(59), 620 m, 1 km W of El Majagual, San Cristóbal Province; UF 23200(3), 620 m, 1 km SE of El Majagual, San Cristóbal Province; UF 216630(15), 2 km W of El Majagual, San Cristóbal Province; GTW 7083c(1), Jardín Botánico Nacional “Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso,” Santo Domingo, Distrito Nacional.

Redescription. Shell thin but solid, opaque, elongate conic. Maximum size: 19.6 mm, decollate. Minimum size: 12.9 mm, decollate. Adult shell usually decollated, protoconch of 1.5 minute, smooth, rounded, white or dark brown whorls, may have a single dark peripheral band. Teleoconch with 5–5.25 remaining whorls in decollated shells. Axial sculpture of final whorl of numerous (ca. 150) fine threads separated by space equal to their width. Shell with regularly spaced growth stoppage marks, axial threads preceding marks often much smaller and densely packed. Spiral sculpture of final whorl outside of umbilicus ca. 35 threads of equal thickness to axial threads. Overall sculpture clearly and neatly fenestrate. There are regular patches where axial and spiral sculpture are nearly fused together; these patches are always white. Sculpture continues into umbilicus without interruption in some specimens or becomes somewhat more coarse in others. Suture very narrow, not channeled. Tufts composed of 1 (rarely 2) enlarged axial threads. Aperture oval, lip single. Inner lip absent. Outer lip very narrowly expanded, slightly narrower facing umbilicus, solute with previous whorl. Posterior corner sharply angled but without auricle. Color pattern complex and variable. Base color white or grey. Growth marks with axially aligned white bands overlain with brown zig-zag or scribbled marks. Brown patches between tufts. 2–3 more or less continuous brown bands or rows of dots bounding umbilicus. Umbilicus often paler than remainder of shell, with fewer markings. Tufts white. Lip with prominent dark bands on both faces. Operculum corneous, paucispiral, lacking calcareous granules in some specimens, but present in others.

Variation in specimens. Specimens vary in the height of the spire and the degree of convexity of the whorls. Occasional adult shells may retain the protoconch.

Comparison with other species. See under P. daedalus .

Remarks. Bartsch (1946) considered Cyclostoma litturatum Pfeiffer, 1850 , and Cyclostoma salleanum Pfeiffer, 1850 , distinct species. The two nominal taxa are sympatric. He separated them based solely on the development of the inner lip: expanded in C. salleanum and not expanded in C. litturatum . The degree of development of the inner lip is a highly variable characteristic even within a population. The two taxa are here considered to be variants of one species.

Both Cyclostoma litturatum Pfeiffer, 1850 , and Cyclostoma salleanum Pfeiffer, 1850 , were described on the same page of the same paper. Both have been illustrated, and possible syntypes exist for both. As first revisor, I have chosen Cyclostoma salleanum over Cyclostoma litturatus based solely on page placement precedence.

Bartsch (1946) described the subspecies C. salleanum cookei from the eastern end of the range of this species and differentiated it only by its smaller size. It falls within the range of sizes within individual populations and it is not here considered distinct.

As in P. daedalus (above), a specimen contains the remains of a web within the umbilicus.

Original description. Cyclostoma salleanum Pfeiffer, 1850 . Pfeiffer (1850: 78) (translated here from Latin): “Shell subperforate, oblong-turrited, scarcely truncate, thin, crowded elevated striae regularly clathrate, not shining, brownish-white, brown spotted, uneven rows; spire conical-turrited; suture with very crowded crenulations; 6 slightly convex whorls, the last a little solute in front, below the middle are interrupted brown bands; aperture a little deflected, oval, top subangulate; peristome continuous, simple, expanded, columellar margin slightly appressed, base expanded.—Operculum membraneous, white, paucispiral.”

Original description. Cyclostoma litturatum Pfeiffer, 1850 . Pfeiffer (1850: 78) (translated here from Latin). “Shell scarcely subperforated, ovate-conic, not truncated, a little thin, impressed lines finely decussate, a little shiny, brownish-white, painted with the most elegant brown, streaked markings, base generally with a single band; spire conical-turrited, obtuse; suture irregularly crenulated; 7 slightly convex whorls, the last a little narrowed; aperture vertical, angulate-oval; peristome simple, upright, columellar margin scarcely reflexed.—Operculum membraneous, paucispiral.”

Original description. Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) salleanum cookei Bartsch, 1946 . Bartsch (1946: 9): “Its much smaller size will at once distinguish this race from Chondropoma (Chondropomorus) salleanum salleanum .”

Etymology. Cyclostoma salleanum Pfeiffer, 1850 : Auguste Sallé (1820–1895), French entomologist working in the southern USA, Central America, and South America, collector of the types. Cyclostoma litturatum Pfeiffer, 1850 : L. littera, [engraved, marked with] letters. Chondropoma salleanum cookei Bartsch, 1946 : Charles Wythe Cooke (1887–1971), American paleontologist, US Geological Survey, collector of the types.

Figures

FIGURE 4. A – H. Parachondria (Chondropomorus) olssoni (Pilsbry, 1933). A, B. ANSP 160978 a, holotype, 14.5 mm. C, D. UF 119142, 14.4 mm. E. UF 158947, 14.7 mm. F. GTW 6834 a, 15.5 mm. G. GTW 6834 a, detail of spire. H. GTW 6834 a, detail of suture.