Pamphilius alnivorus Shinohara, 2005

Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja & Taeger, Andreas, 2022, The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), Zootaxa 5167 (1), pp. 1-251 : 85

Pamphilius alnivorus Shinohara, 2005

( Figs 54 , 55 ) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405118)

Pamphilius alnivorus Shinohara, 2005: 99 ; Shinohara & Hara, 2005: 275; Shinohara & Lelej, 2007: 937, 942; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov & Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Shinohara, 2019: 8; Shinohara, 2020: 23, 253.

Material examined. About 520 specimens, including the type series. Forty specimens are from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 2005; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym 21865), Sikhote-Alin Reserve : Blagodatnoe cordon, 44.953°N 136.547°E, 2. VI . 2016, M. Sergeev ( SDEI) .

Distribution. Russia (Yakutia, Khabarovskij Kraj, “Sikhote-alin”, Primorskij Kraj, Sakhalin), Japan (Hokkaido, Kunashiri Is., Shikotan Is.) (Shinohara 2005).

Host plant. Betulaceae : Alnus hirsuta Turcz. and/or its variety, var. sibirica (Fischer) C. K. Sch. , Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. (Shinohara 2005; Shinohara & Hara 2005).

Remarks. Pamphilius alnivorus , P. masao Shinohara, 2005 , and P. pallipes ( Zetterstedt, 1838) belong to the P. vafer complex (Shinohara 2005) or the P. vafer subgroup of the P. vafer group ( Shinohara 2002b), which comprises nine closely related Palaearctic species associated with Alnus and Betula . In our molecular study ( Figs 148–151 , 160 , 161 ), the relationships of this group of species were poorly resolved. In the NaK analysis ( Fig. 160 ), the two specimens of P. alnivorus from Japan did not even form a clade.

Pamphilius alnivorus is closest to P. nakagawai Takeuchi, 1930 , occurring in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan, in morphology and bionomics (Shinohara 2005). The larva of P. alnivorus is a solitary leaf-roller on Alnus , making a leaf-roll on the underside but oviposition is on the upperside (Type II of Shinohara 2005). The site of oviposition (upperside of a leaf) and direction of leaf-rolling (underside) in this species are quite peculiar, otherwise known only for the Betula -feeding species, P. pallipes (Shinohara 2005) .

Figures

FIGURE 54. Pamphilius alnivorus, female, Russia (paratype) – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) antenna, (g) sawsheath laterally, (h) claw.

FIGURE 55. Pamphilius alnivorus, male, Russia (paratype) – (a) dorsally, (b) lateroventrally, (c) head & thorax dorsally, (d) head & thorax ventrolaterally, (e) face, (f) antenna, (g) genitalia ventrally, (h) claw.

FIGURE 148. Condensed ML tree based on CO1 gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius vafer group, part 1.

FIGURE 149. Condensed ML tree based on CO1 gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius vafer group, part 2.

FIGURE 150. Condensed ML tree based on CO1 gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius vafer group, part 3.

FIGURE 151. Condensed ML tree based on CO1 gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius vafer group, part 4.

FIGURE 160. Condensed ML tree based on NaK gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius vafer group, part 1.

FIGURE 161. Condensed ML tree based on NaK gene sequences, with details of Pamphilius vafer group, part 2.