Paleoovoidus arcuatus (Krassilov, 2008)

Petrulevicius, Julian F., Wappler, Torsten, Nel, Andre & Rust, Jes, 2011, The diversity of Odonata and their endophytic ovipositions from the Upper Oligocene Fossillagerstaette of Rott (Rhineland, Germany), ZooKeys 130, pp. 67-89 : 74-76

Paleoovoidus arcuatus (Krassilov, 2008) Figs 13-22

* Sertoveon arcuatum Krassilov, 2008, p. 69, fig. 5.

"Concentric oviposition tracks" Hellmund, 1986, p. 166 fig. 74; Hellmund, 1987, p. 154, fig. 15; Hellmund, 1988, p. 323.

“Coenagrioniden-Typ“ Hellmund and Hellmund, 1991, p. 7, figs 3.1-3.4, p. 8, fig. 4, p. 9, figs 5.1-5.2; Hellmund and Hellmund, 1993, p. 349, fig. 1, p. 350, fig. 2-3; Hellmund and Hellmund, 1996a, p. 59, fig. 6.3; Hellmund and Hellmund, 1996b, p. 166, fig. 17; Hellmund and Hellmund, 1996c, p. 109, figs 1a, b; Hellmund and Hellmund, 2002c, p. 262, fig. 8a

"Coenagrioniden-Typ vom Bogenmodus" Hellmund and Hellmund, 1998, p. 282, fig. 1; Hellmund and Hellmund, 2002a, p. 3, fig. 2, p. 10, fig. 8; Hellmund and Hellmund, 2002c, p. 255, fig. 1a, p. 259, fig. 5a, p. 260, fig. 6, p. 261, fig. 7, p. 264, fig. 11a, p. 265, fig. 14, 15.

"Concentric oviposition tracks" Labandeira, 2002, p. 41.

"Radially oriented oviposition scars" Labandeira et al., 2002, p. 312, fig. 80.

"Ovoposiciones de la Familia Coenagrionidae " Peñalver and Delclòs, 2004, p. 74, fig. 2.

"Zygopteran egg sets" Krassilov et al., 2007, p. 806, fig. 3 a–c.

"Endophytic oviposition probably of Calopterygina " Vasilenko and Rasnitsyn, 2007, p. 1156, figs 4-6.

Paleoovoidus arcuatus , Vasilenko 2008 (new syn.), p. 516, fig. 2c, pl. 7, figs 2, 3.[meeting the requirements of ICZN, 1999: Art. 31.2]

Paleoovoidus arcuatum , Sarzetti et al., 2009, p. 438, figs 3, 4, 5.1, 5.4-5.6, 6, 7.

Paleoovoidus arcuatum , Wappler, 2010, p. 545, figs 3 k–l.

Diagnosis

(taken from Sarzetti et al. 2009: 438). Elongate, lens-shaped to teardrop-shaped scars arranged with the short axes aligned horizontally to each other, either as straight rows or as arcs. Frequently the long axes of scars are sub parallel to each other. Occasionally, successive rows are parallel or exhibit zigzag patterns.

Description.

The endophytic oviposition scars of Paleoovoidus arcuatus are quite variable in shape as recognized by Hellmund and Hellmund (1991), Krassilov et al. (2007), and Sarzetti et al. (2009). They range from elongate (Figs 13, 15-17), lens-shaped (Fig. 19), teardrop-shaped (Fig. 22), to more or less irregular shapes (Fig. 20). At the first glance, the scar patterns look chaotic (Fig. 12), but in most cases the scars are arranged in concentric arches (Figs 16, 20-21), but even more or less linear oviposition arcs are realized (Fig. 18). In other cases (Figs 18-19) the arcuate rows are not parallel to each other, resulting in a zigzag pattern (Fig. 19). In general, the dimension of the scars ranges from 1.2 to 1.7 mm in length, and widths range from 0.3 to 0.5 mm. In two cases the specimens cover nearly the entire width of the leaf-blade, containing 111 and 376 scars (Fig. 1.4; comp. Hellmund and Hellmund 1991: Fig 3.1, Hellmund and Hellund 1996a: Fig. 6.3). The scars in rows are usually ranging between 2 to 15. They are variously orientated within the leaves, with the long axis parallel to sub parallel to the primary veins (Figs 16, 20). In some specimens the scars show a distinctive enlargement of the callus (Figs 17, 20, 22).

Comments.

The specimens of Paleoovoidus arcuatus occur on Laurophyllum pseudoprinceps (Ro_10982; Lauraceae ), Apocynophyllum sp. (GPIBo_Rott_HELL_854, Apocynaceae ), Sideroxylon salicites (HW_Ro_2.8; Sapotaceae ), and on three undetermined dicotyledon leaves (Ro_10355; Ro_11887; GPIBo_Rott_HELL_852; GPIBo_Rott_HELL_851a+b). All specimens derive from the pelite and lignite facies of the ‘Hangendschichten’ at the Rott locality. The sediments belong to the younger part of the Upper Oligocene (Chattian), based on the mammal assemblage (MP30) recorded by Mörs (1995) with an age of approximately 25 million years as accepted for the Rott Formation (von Koenigswald et al. 1996). This type of endophytic oviposition beha viour is widely distributed and known from several host plants, indicating that the species producing this ichnofossil are less selective than the Lestoidea for their angiosperm host plants. The specimen MPEF-Pb-1052 of Laguna del Hunco, is suggestive similar to the ovipositions made by Epiophlebia superstes and likely attributed to Frenguelliidae (both Epiproctophora) instead of Coenagrionidae as established by Sarzetti et al. (2009: 444, fig. 5.5).

Note.

The ichnogenus Paleoovoidus Vasilenko, 2005, originally described from the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous locality of Chernovskie Kopi, Russia, typically comprises arched oviposition scars, with the eggs set in rows at a considerable distance from each other parallel to their long axes. Since then several ichnospecies have been included. However, considerable confusion persists regarding the ichnotaxonomic status and diagnostic features of the ichnospecies. The ichnospecies Paleoovoidus arcuatus Vasilenko, 2008 was published several weeks later than Sertoveonarcuatum Krassilov, 2008 (type species of ichnogenus Sertoveon : Krassilov and Silantieva 2008). Sarzetti et al. (2009: 438, 441) synonymized these two ichnospecies and established the combination " Paleoovoidus arcuatum (Krassilov, 2008)"; however, they erroneously indicated " Paleoovoidus arcuatum " as new in their abstract and figure captions. According to ICZN (1999: Art. 31.2), this species name, as a Latin adjective in the nominative singular, must agree in gender with the generic name with which it is at any time combined, therefore is here corrected to: Paleoovoidus arcuatus (Krassilov, 2008).