Pachypasa hausmanni, Prozorov & Prozorova & Volkova & Yakovlev & Sitar & Saldaitis & Petrányi & Revay & Müller, 2022

Prozorov, Alexey M., Prozorova, Tatiana A., Volkova, Julia S., Yakovlev, Roman V., Sitar, Cristian, Saldaitis, Aidas, Petrányi, Gergely, Revay, Edita & Müller, Günter C., 2022, Notes on Pachypasa otus and the description of a new Iranian Pachypasa species (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae, Lasiocampinae, Lasiocampini), Ecologica Montenegrina 56, pp. 14-27 : 20-26

Pachypasa hausmanni sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0CB80B5E-168C-4967-8158-334B1E961524

( Figs 23–27 , 33 –34, 37, 38–40)

Type material: HOLOTYPE ♂, Iran, Fars Province, 17.7 km SE Komehr , 30.50221 N, 51.70643 E, 2417 m, 30.VI.2005, leg. T. Hácz, G. Juhász, L. Ábrahám, G. Petrányi ( ZSM) . PARATYPES (29♂, 3♀): Iran, Fars Province : ♂, Zagros Mts, Sepidan , 2400–3000 m, 15.VII.2000 ( CAF) ; 18♂, 17.7 km SE Komehr , 30.50221 N, 51.70643 E, 2417 m, 30.VI.2005, leg. T. Hácz, G. Juhász, L. Ábrahám, G. Petrányi ( CGM) ; ♂, Zagros Mts., Barm Firuz Mt. , 15 km S Komehr, 30.3417 N, 51.9555 E, 3000 m, 26.VI.2000, leg. Gy. Fábián & K. Székely ( CMS) ; 3♂, Ardekan – Talochosroe road, Comé , 2600 m, VII.1937, leg. Brandt, 7138 E 95, 7139 E 95 ( SNHM) ; ♀, Chiraz – Kazeroun road, Fort Mian – Kotal , ca. 2000 m, 26.VIII.1937, leg. Brandt, 7136 E95 ( SNHM) . Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province: ♂, Zagros Mts, Yasuj , 2400 m, 28– 30.VI.2005, leg. T. Hácz ( CGM) ; ♂, Zagros Mts, Yasuj , 2400 m, 28–30.VI.2005, leg. T. Hácz, LBEOW1514-11 ( CMS) ; ♀, Zagros Mts, Yasuj , 2500 m, 7–9.VII.2006, leg. T. Hácz ( CMS) ; 3♂, ♀, Zagros Mts, near Meymand , 2500 m, 11–12.VII.1999, leg. A. Hofmann, J. Meineke ( CJM) ; ♂, Zagros Mountains , 31.10 N, 50.72 E, 2431m, 15.VII.2006, leg. Sz. Levente ( CSL) ; ♂, Yasuj, Sisakht, Dena , 30.9565 N, 51.3914 E, 2799 m, 30.VII.2016, leg. Sh. Feizpour ( SMNS) . Kermanshan Province: ♂, 40 km S Schahabad, Ghalladje Pass , 1880 m, 13.VII.1975, leg. Ebert & Falkner ( SMNK) .

Diagnosis. Brown-colored moth with dark crenulated medial lines on the forewing and a dark hindwing. The average wingspan is 95 mm in males and 140 mm in females. The largest lasiocampid species within the Palaearctic region, externally less contrast than P. otus . Male genitalia accordingly bigger, phallobase medially more swollen and bent, microcornuti on vesica better developed. Antevaginal plate in female genitalia about 3 times bigger. Endemic in Iran.

Description. Male habitus ( Figs 23–27 ). Head ash brown to brown, flagellum speckled brown. Antenna pectination gradually shortens apically. Thorax dorsolaterally ash brown, medially paler. Abdomen speckled brown. Forewing length: 47–52 mm; wingspan: 90–99 mm. Wing elongated, apex obtuse. The background color is pale brown with dark speckles. The forewing pattern consists of two dark brown crenulated medial lines, speckles may lay along veins, and hindwing may have a darker medial field with a more or less pronounced speckled external band. Cilia is pale brown, distally darkened. Male genitalia ( Figs 33 –34). Tegumen is a triangular band loosely covered with chaetae; it bears a pair of tubercle-shaped socii covered with chaetae. Vinculum distally elongated with fused distal processes (cubile sensu Lajonquière, 1968), each of two processes triangular, mediocaudally harder sclerotized with short apically rounded distal outgrowth. Sacculus elongated, finger-shaped, apically rounded and bent, and loosely covered with chaetae. Cucullus is almost twice shorter than the sacculus, triangular, apically pointed, and covered with chaetae. Juxta is medially fused with aedeagus. Aedeagus c-shaped, hardly sclerotized; caulis short ( Fig. 33 ) to elongated (Fig. 34, shown with arrow); phallobase medially widened, apically pointed. Vesica compact, apically narrowing, its surface rough, covered with something resembling microcornuti. Female habitus similar to male ( Fig. 27 ), but larger and fore wings darker with dense speckles, antenna pectination shorter. Forewing length: 65–74 mm; wingspan: 130–155 mm. Female genitalia ( Fig 37 ). Papillae anales elongated, densely covered with chaetae. Posterior apophyses are slightly shorter than anterior. Lamella antevaginalis triangular with a wide base, and lamella postvaginalis is a narrow somewhat rhomboid-shaped band. Ductus bursae about the length of corpus bursae, membraneous, wrinkled. Corpus bursae spherical, medium-sized.

Etymology. We name the largest Palaearctic Lasiocampidae species after our dear friend Dr. Axel Hausmann (ZSM).

Distribution. Endemic in Iran: Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Kermanshan provinces ( Fig. 37 ; Zolotuhin & Zahiri, 2008).

Biology. Adults were collected in June, July, and August, the new species is local within the Zagros Mountains forest steppe ecoregion ( Dinerstein et al., 2017). Specimens were collected from 1880 to 3000 m a.s.l. Modares Awal (1997) recorded early stages feeding on Pistacia, Quercus, Juniperus, and Cypressus sempervirens var. cereiformes .

Molecular Analysis

In the molecular analysis, we examined 6 sequences of Pachypasa : 4 sequences of Pachypasa otus (2 from Greece, 1 from Croatia, and 1 from Lebanon) and 2 sequences of Pachypasa hausmanni sp. n., registered in BOLD, and they were submitted to GenBank (OP013263, OP013267–OP013272, see Table 1 for details). The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was made based on all 6 sequences ( Figure 38 ). The lowest values of the recorded genetic distances are 0 between specimens of Pachypasa otus from Greece and Croatia. The average distance between the four P. otus sequences is 0.3%. The distance between the two P. hausmanni sp. n. sequences is 1.2%. The average genetic distance between P. hausmanni and P. otus is 6.1%. The genetic distance from the out-group for P. otus is 15.1%, and for P. hausmanni is 14.6%. The values of genetic distance between the sequences of Pachypasa and the out-group are shown in Figure 40 .

Our results show that DNA barcoding worked well in discriminating Pachypasa sequences. According to Hebert et al. (2003), divergence values between species are ordinarily greater than 3%. In our case, the genetic distance of 6% between the sequences of P. otus and P. hausmanni sp. n. indicates the existence of two distinct species.

Figures

Figures 23–27. Adults of Pachypasa hausmanni. 23. Male paratype, Iran, Province Fars (CGM). 24. Male holotype, Iran, Province Fars (ZSM). 25. Male paratype, Iran, Province Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (CGM). 26. Male paratype, Iran, Province Fars (CGM). 27. Female paratype, Iran, Province Fars (RMS). Scale bar – 1 cm.

Figures 28–33. Male genitalia. 28–31. P. otus. 28. Greece, Crete, genitalia slide 13.504 (MWM/ZSM). 29. SW Turkey, Alanya, genitalia slide otus-1 (CGM). 30. SE Turkey, Province Van, genitalia slide 8017 (MWM/ZSM). 31. Israel, N Golan Heights, genitalia slide 10.632 (MWM/ZSM). 32. Israel, Dead Sea, genitalia slide otus-3 (CGM). 33–34. P. hausmanni. 33. Holotype, Iran, Province Fars, genitalia slide hausm-1 (CGM). 34. Paratype, Iran, Province Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, genitalia slide hausm-2 (CGM). Scale bar – 1 mm.

Figures 35–37. Female genitalia of Pachypasa spp. 35–36. P. otus. 35. SE Turkey, Hakkari, genitalia slide otus-2 (CGM). 36. Croatia, genitalia slide 13.235 (MWM/ZSM). 37. P. hausmanni, Iran, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province (CJM). Scale bar – 1 mm.

Figures 38–40. Principal differences between P. otus (light blue) and P. hausmanni (orange): 38. Distribution map (for details visit bit.ly/3O5PbcG). 39. Phylogenetic tree (NJ, Kimura-2, 1000 replicates). 40. Genetic distances (%).