Pachycerianthus multiplicatus Carlgren, 1912

Stampar, Sergio N., Reimer, James D., Maronna, Maximiliano M., Lopes, Celine S. S., Ceriello, Hellen, Santos, Thais B., Acuna, Fabian H. & Morandini, Andre C., 2020, Ceriantharia (Cnidaria) of the World: an annotated catalogue and key to species, ZooKeys 952, pp. 1-63 : 1

38 Pachycerianthus multiplicatus Carlgren, 1912

Cerianthus membranaceus : Lütken 1889: 362

Cerianthus danielssen : Levinsen 1893: 397; Carlgren 1896: 174

Pachycerianthus multiplicatus Carlgren, 1912a: 5-11; Carlgren 1931: 8-9; Carlgren 1940: 9-12; Carlgren 1942: 70-71; Carlgren 1945: 68-70; Schmidt 1972: 427, 432-433; Arai 1971: 1689; Keegan and Könnecker 1973: 257 Mariscal et al. 1977: 395; Manuel 1981: 64, 67; Picton 1985: 485; McFarlane 1988: 365-370; Carter 1995: 6; Molodtsova 2000: 12, 15, 17; Jonsson et al. 2001: 189-195; Stampar et al. 2014b: 350, 352

(?) Pachycerianthus multiplicatus : Çinar et al. 2014: 684

Type locality.

Two areas are mentioned - Kattegat Strait and Trondheim, Norway (not specified)

Distribution.

North, Inner, Celtic, Irish and Norwegian Seas, Gulf of Biscay, at <130 m depth.

Remarks. Levinsen (1893) described this species as Cerianthus danielssen , however, this description was incomplete and did not meet the minimum characterization requirements for a cerianthid species. Thus, Carlgren (1912a) proposed the new name P. multiplicatus , while giving a detailed description of this species. Carlgren (1912b) included several records in the region as well as some biological aspects. Nyholm (1943) gave a detailed study of the life cycle of the species, including information on reproductive seasons and also on larval development (a modified planula). This is a very interesting species for ecological studies, as several reports have mentioned clusters of individuals in different regions (e.g., Jonsson et al. 2001). There is still doubt about the true distribution of the species as individuals recorded from the coast of France and Spain have never been studied in detail.

Type material.

(?) Lund Museum of Zoology (MZLU) - 6570 (syntype), but not formally designated in description.