Pectenoniscus carinhanhensis, Ferreira, 2020
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2020039 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/875F1C5E-FFDD-FFDC-FC23-FEC3FAC3FB08 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Pectenoniscus carinhanhensis |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Pectenoniscus carinhanhensis View in CoL n. sp.
( Figs. 11–13 View Figure 11 View Figure 12 View Figure 13 , 21 View Figure 21 , 22D View Figure 22 )
Zoobank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B5E8F34C-B815-4C5F-A221-230B67F003D4
Type material: Holotype, male (ISLA 50648), Brazil, Bahia, Serra do Ramalho, Carinhanha, Gruna da Água Clara Cave (-13,801182º -43,951733º), 11 October 2017, leg. R. L. Ferreira . Paratypes: 1 male ( ISLA 50614) same data as holotype ; 1 female ( ISLA 50615), same data as holotype ; 2 males 3 females ( ISLA 50620), same data as holotype ; 1 female ( ISLA 50633), same data as holotype ; 1 male (in slide) 2 females ( ISLA 50635), same data as holotype ; 1 female ( ISLA 50643), same data as holotype ; 1 female ( ISLA 50644), same data as holotype ; 1 female ( ISLA 50645), same data as holotype ; 3 males, 13 female ( ISLA 50653), same data as holotype ; 1 male ( ISLA 50655), same data as holotype ; 1 female ( ISLA 50656), same data as holotype ; 2 females ( ISLA 50674), same data as holotype ; 1 male ( ISLA 50649), same location as holotype , 10October 2017; 1 female ( ISLA 50646), same location as holotype , 12 October 2017; 1 female ( ISLA 50650), same location as holotype , 12 October 2017; 1 male 1 female ( ISLA 50673), same location as holotype , 12 October 2017; 1 female ( ISLA 50630), same location as holotype , 16 October 2017; 1 female ( ISLA 50647), same location as holotype , 16 October 2017; 2 females ( ISLA 50658), same location as holotype , 17 October 2017; 1 female ( ISLA 50632), Bahia , Serra do Ramalho, Carinhanha, Gruna dos Peixes II (-13.822815º -43.956776º), 14 October 2017 ; 1 female ( ISLA 50651), same location ; 1 female ( ISLA 50659), same location , 10 October 2017; 1 female ( ISLA 50661), same data ; 1 female ( ISLA 50641), Bahia , Serra do Ramalho, Carinhanha, Gruna dos Índios cave (-13,801308º -43,951374º), 14 October 2017 .
Diagnosis. Antennula with eleven aesthetascs; male pleopod 1 exopod triangular, with round apex and sinuous lateral margin; male pleopod 2 exopod subtriangular, and pleopod 2 endopod apex twisted with pointed apex, directed outward.
Description. Maximum length: male, 3.5 mm. Colorless, eyes absent ( Figs. 11B View Figure 11 , 13F View Figure 13 ). Dorsal granulations in three rows on pereonite 1, two on pereonites2 to7,smooth pleon ( Fig.11A,C View Figure 11 ).Cephalon with round antennal lobes; supra-antennal line bent in middle ( Fig. 11A, B View Figure 11 ). Pereonite 1 with anterior margin not surpassing median portion of cephalon; pereonites 3–7 posterior margin progressively more concave; pleonites 3–5 epimera posterior point slightly developed; pleon narrower than pereon ( Fig. 11A, C View Figure 11 ). Pleotelson with concave margin and round apex ( Fig.11C View Figure 11 ). Antennula with three articles, distal article with eleven aesthetascs ( Fig. 11D View Figure 11 ). Antenna reaches distal margin of pereonite 2 when extended backward, fifth article of peduncle shorter than f lagellum, with one seta longer than first f lagellum article; f lagellum with three articles ( Fig.11E View Figure 11 ). Left mandible with two penicils ( Fig. 11F View Figure 11 ); right mandible with one penicil, lacinia mobilis leaf-shaped ( Fig. 11G View Figure 11 ). Maxillula outer branch with 4+4 teeth, apically entire, and one plumose seta; inner branch with three penicils ( Fig. 11H View Figure 11 ). Maxilla with bilobate apex, inner lobe wider than outer lobe with several setae on distal margin ( Fig.11I View Figure 11 ). Maxilliped basis enlarged on distal portion; palp with two setae; endite triangular, apex with one triangular penicil and two lateral spines ( Fig. 11J View Figure 11 ). Pereopod 1 antennal grooming brush composed of serrated scale setae on propodus and on sternal margin of carpus ( Fig. 12B View Figure 12 ); dactylar seta bifid with thin setule. Uropod protopod triangular, as long as distal margin of pleotelson; exopod longer than endopod, inserted distally ( Fig. 12A View Figure 12 ).
Male: Pereopods 6 and 7 ( Fig. 12C, D View Figure 12 ) propodus with tufts of setae on tergal margin; with water conducting system; pereopod 7 ischium with straight sternal margin ( Fig. 12D View Figure 12 ). Genital papilla ( Fig. 12E View Figure 12 ) medial portion slightly enlarged with narrow apex. Pleopod 1 ( Fig. 12E View Figure 12 ) protopod rectangular, two times wider than long; exopod triangular, with round apex and sinuous lateral margin; endopod longer than exopod. Pleopod 2 ( Fig. 12F View Figure 12 ) protopod rectangular; exopod subtriangular, twice wider than long; endopod with distal article fourfold longer than proximal article, apex twisted with pointed apex, directed outward. Pleopod 3–5 exopods ( Fig. 12F–H View Figure 12 ) trapezoidal, bearing setae on outer margin; exopod 5 with dorsal lobe.
Etymology. The specific epithet “ carinhanhensis ” refers to the municipality of Carinhanha (state of Bahia), where the new species was collected.
Remarks. Pectenoniscus carinhanhensis n. sp. differs from P. angulatus and P. liliae by the number of aesthetascs on antennula (11 versus 9 in P.angulatus and P. liliae ), by the sternal margin of male pereopod 7 ischium (straight versus with a triangular projection in P.angulatus and convex margin in P.liliae ), the shape of male pleopod 1 exopod (sinuous lateral margin versus straight in P.angulatus and P. liliae ), the shape of male pleopod 2 exopod (subtriangular versus rectangular in P.angulatus and ovoid in P. liliae ) and the orientation of endopod (twisted versus straight in P.angulatus and P. liliae ). Pectenoniscus carinhanhensis n. sp. is similar to P. iuiuensis n. sp. in the triangular shape of male pleopod 1 exopod, with round apex and sinuous lateral margin, however in P. iuiuensis n. sp. the exopod seems to be directed backward while in P. carinhanhensis n. sp. it is directed outward.
Habitat and ecological remarks. Specimens of P. carinhanhensis n. sp. were found in three caves of the Água Clara Cave System (ACCS) ( Figs. 21 View Figure 21 , 22D View Figure 22 ). This system is formed by four limestone caves interconnected by an intermittent drainage (Gruna da Água Clara, Gruna dos Índios, Lapa dos Peixes I, and Lapa dos Peixes II – Fig. 13A View Figure 13 ). Two of the caves that compose the system are the tenth and the fourteenth biggest caves in Brazil, respectively (Água Clara Cave – 13,880 meters and Lapa dos Peixes cave – 9,320 meters long), while the other two are smaller (Gruna dos Índios cave – 570 meters and Lapa dos Peixes II – 2,100 meters). Together these four caves account for 25.85 km of subterranean passages. In general, the caves present wide vadose conduits ( Fig. 13C, E View Figure 13 ) through which a huge amount of water f lows during the rainy periods, noticeable by the massive plant debris (such as tree trunks) observed at several points within the caves ( Fig. 13D View Figure 13 ). Although the water f lows along the caves only in the rainy periods, flooded chambers occur in some areas even in the dry periods, as in the Lapa dos Peixes II cave ( Fig. 13E View Figure 13 ). Individuals of P. carinhanhensis n. sp. were observed in several areas along the caves, always associated with moist substrates ( Fig. 13F View Figure 13 ). Most specimens (around 90% of the observed specimens in the ACCS) were found in Água Clara cave ( Fig. 13C View Figure 13 ), which is the first (upstream) and biggest cave of the ACCS. The large number of specimens observed in this cave (dozens of individuals) can be related to its high humidity throughout the whole year, due to its dimensions. Few specimens (less than 10) were observed in Lapa do Índio cave, where they were restricted to a few moistened areas (a considerable extension of the cave was dry when the sampling was carried out). Finally, specimens were also collected in Lapa dos Peixes II cave, the last (downstream) cave of the ACCS. Although this species was not found in Lapa dos Peixes cave I, the possibility of its occurrence in this cave is not excluded, since only part of this cave was inventoried. In this sense it is plausible to assume that this species occurs in the whole ACCS. Specimens of P. carinhanhensis n. sp. were observed in very distinct conditions regarding the presence of visible organic matter. In some areas they were encountered close to vegetable debris, while in the deeper portions of the caves (especially in Água Clara cave) organisms were found in areas completely devoid of visible organic resources. The ACCS also shelters six other troglobitic species: the isopod Xangoniscus aganju Campos-Filho, Araujo and Taiti, 2014 , the harvestmen Giupponia chagasi Pérez and Kury, 2002 ( Kury and González, 2002), the whip spider Charinus troglobius Baptista and Giupponi, 2002 , the earwig Mesodiplatys falcifer Kamimura and Ferreira, 2018 , the snail Spiripockia punctata Simone, 2012 and the fish Trichomycterus rubiolli Bichuette and Rizatto, 2012 . The native habitat surrounding the caves consists of the Caatinga formation, which is severely altered, especially due to the removal of the original vegetation for charcoal production, as well as for the establishment of pastures and monocultures ( Fig. 13B View Figure 13 ). The caves seem to be only visited by speleologists, so that the impacts of trampling over the cave fauna is negligible.
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Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile |
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