Onthophagus bongkudai Krikken & Huijbregts

Krikken, J. & Huijbregts, J., 2017, Sulawesi Onthophagus: seven new species in select groups (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Zootaxa 4238 (3), pp. 301-334 : 315-317

Onthophagus bongkudai Krikken & Huijbregts , new species

( Figs. 3 , 15–16 , 39–44 )

Material examined. Holotype male ( RMNH) from Indonesia: Mount Ambang Nature Reserve : Mount Moajat, 1660 m, 15–16.ix.1985, J. Huijbregts, HH454A; multistratal evergreen forest, human excrement traps.

The 90 paratypes are summarized below:

NORTH SULAWESI: DUMOGA BONE NATIONAL PARK

- Zebra, 10–20.xi.1985, J. Van Stalle et al., upland site, dung trap, 2 in IRSNB

NORTH SULAWESI: MOUNT AMBANG NATURE RESERVE

- Mount Moajat, 1780 m, 13–16.ix.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh451a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 74 in RMNH

- Mount Moajat, 1780 m, 13–15.ix.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh451b, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 3 in RMNH

- Mount Moajat, 1780 m, 13–16.ix.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh452, multistratal evergreen forest, hand collected, 1 in RMNH

NORTH SULAWESI: MOUNT AMBANG

- Mt Moajat, 1660 m, 15–16.ix.1985, J. Huijbregts, hh454a, multistratal evergreen forest, 2 human excrement traps, 10 in RMNH

Description. Holotype, male. Body length approximately 7.8 mm. Head and pronotum dark-brown, sericeous; elytra submarmorate (scattered infuscated and yellow-brown patches), matt, largely due to microreticulation (x80). Pilosity pale-yellow; dorsal surface with sparse, indistinct micro-stubbles only.

Clypeal border round; clypeus anteromedially, just behind border, with slightly deflexed, slender horn; clypeus posterior surface slightly concave, apex rounded off; clypeogenal transition at border continuous; genal border shortly round near eye; clypeofrontal ridge absent. Clypeal surface anteriorly slightly uneven, impunctate, shiny; remainder of head matt, also impunctate, with microreticulation; 2 low paramedian protrusions between anterior part of eyes. Vertex base medially slightly elevated. Eyes with approximately 11 facet rows across widest point; ratio interocular distance / single maximum eye width approximately 7.

Pronotum strongly convex, discal midline not impressed; anterior section of lateral border distinctly sinuate, anterolateral corner slightly reflexed, angle approximately 80°; posterior section scarcely sinuate; pronotal base medially indistinctly, finely marginate; anterior declivity medially topped by slender, parallel-sided, anteriorly directed, slightly deflexed prong; anterior declivity impunctate, more shiny; rest of pronotal derm with sparse, vague, subocellate, fine punctures, mostly bearing fine suberect, short microstubble.

Elytral striae discally well defined, with indistinct punctures, mostly separated by 3–6 times their diameter, scarcely crenulating interstriae; interstriae almost flat; interstriae 1–7 with sparse, microstubble-bearing, fine punctures and microreticulation (x80), matt; interstria 8 with coarser, microseta-bearing punctures; derm more shiny; many punctures (especially on anterior section of interstriae) anteriorly with contiguous microgranule.

Antennal club brown. Metaventrite without distinct midline impression; with sparse, fine punctures only; lateral wings with abundant, seta-bearing, ocellate punctures. Visible abdominal ventrites 1–5 laterally with transverse row of seta-bearing, ocellate punctures; length of setae long, not appressed. Pygidium matt, yellow; darker medially with sparse, inconspicuous, seta-bearing, subocellate punctures; base marginate.

Legs brown, femora with more yellow. Protibia with 3+(1) larger denticles, spur elongate-acuminate. Mesotibiae and metatibiae and spurs unmodified. Femoral undersides with sparse, seta-bearing punctures. Metatarsomere 1 nearly as long as metatarsomeres 2–5 combined; approximate proportions of spur and metatarsomeres 1–5: 12// 14/6/3 /2/5.

Aedeagus, Fig. 43 (holotype).

Measurements in mm. Maximum width of head 2.2. Median length of pronotum 2.4, maximum width 3.8. Sutural length of elytra 3.4, maximum width 4.2.

Variation, sexual dimorphism, distribution. Body length 4.8–8.0 mm. Colour and microsculpture slightly variant (elytral pattern marmorate, but variably strongly defined, and also variant in amount of light versus dark).

Female with clypeus entirely densely rugulate; clypeal horn absent; clypeofrontal ridge curvilinear, medially distinct; frons between anterior part of eyes with two distinct paramedian protrusions. Pronotal prong tapering but greatly reduced. Pygidium more strongly convex.

Note that this species was exclusively collected in two montane locations in North Sulawesi, one appearing on most maps as Mount Moajat, the other being more to the west, indicated as Zebra (this will be Ice Station Zebra during Project Wallace, 0°26'N 123°49'E, 1520 m).

Etymology. Named after a village near the type locality in North Sulawesi. The name bongkudai is non- Latinized noun in apposition, and the village location can be found via Google Earth.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Sulawesi Onthophagus species, oblique habitus. 1, O. bisscrutator, holotype male from Toraut. 2, O. scrutator, male from Moramo. 3, O. bongkudai, holotype male from Moajat. 4, O. sangirensis, male from Toraut. 5, O. holosericus, male from Marena, 6, female from Marena. 7, O. sopu, holotype male from Sopu. 8, O. manguliensis, male from Mangoli. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.

FIGURES 13 – 18. Sulawesi Onthophagus species, dorsal forebody. 13, O. bisscrutator, holotype male from Toraut. 14, O. scrutator, male from Moramo. 15, O. bongkudai, holotype male from Moajat 16, paratype female. 17, O. sangirensis, male from Toraut. 18, O. sangirensis, female from Tangkoko. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.

FIGURES 39 – 46. Sulawesi Onthophagus body parts. 39, O. bongkudai, head full-face, holotype male from Moajat. 40, O. bongkudai, left elytron dorsal, holotype male from Moajat. 41, O. bongkudai, protibial upper side, holotype male from Moajat. 42, O. bongkudai, metatibial upperside, holotype male from Moajat. 43, O. bongkudai, aedeagus lateral, holotype male from Moajat. 44, O. bongkudai, head full-face, paratype female. 45, O. sangirensis, aedeagus lateral, male from Toraut. 46, O. holosericus, aedeagus lateral, male from Marena. Scale lines approximately 1 mm.