Okinawicius tokarensis ( Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987 )

Yang, Zhiyong, Wang, Weihang & Zhang, Junxia, 2024, On a new genus and seven species of Chrysillini from China (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae), Zootaxa 5477 (2), pp. 101-135 : 115-119

Okinawicius tokarensis ( Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987) (ÎâẃAE伊Ʀ)

Figs 1 , 4 , 63–101

Icius tokarensis Bohdanowicz & Prószyński 1987: 71 , figs 77–80.

Pseudicius tokarensis ,— Ono et al. 2009: 570, fig. 107.

Okinawicius tokarensis ,— Prószyński 2016: 22, figs 7F–H.

Material examined. CHINA: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region : 5 ♂, 2 ♀ (MHBU-ARA-00026981– 00026983), Beihai City , Hepu County, August 1997 , Leg. Y. Zhang . Yunnan Province: 1 ♀ (MHBU-ARA-00020801), Baoshan City, Longyang District, Lujiang Town , Baihua Village , 24.8401°N, 98.8819°E, 727 m a.s.l., 31 May 2017, C. Jin, B. Zhou, & X. Zang leg. 1 ♀ (MHBU-ARA-00021155), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali City, Fengyi Town , Longxiang Village , 25.5926°N, 100.3019°E, 2050 m a.s.l., 14 June 2017, C. Jin, B. Zhou, & X. Zang leg. ; 1 ♂ (MHBU-ARA-00023802), Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong City, Mengyang Town , Wild Elephant Valley , 22.1767°N, 100.8543°E, 814 m a.s.l., 5 June 2022, L. Zhang, M. Xu, & W. Wang leg. ; 1 ♂ (MHBU-ARA-00024453), Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture , Yingjiang County, 24.6902°N, 97.9355°E, 822 m a.s.l., 22 June 2022, L. Zhang, M. Xu, W. Wang, Z. Yang, & Z. Liu leg. Guangdong Province: 1 ♂ (MHBU-ARA-00026984), Shenzhen City, Yantian District, OCT East , 22.6267°N, 114.2877°E, 441 m a.s.l., 2 June 2018, W. Wang leg.

Diagnosis. The male of this species differs from other congeners in the embolus encircling tegulum ( Figs 80–83 , 94 ; vs. not surrounding tegulum in other congeners, see Caporiacco 1941: 150, fig. 65; Prószyński 1987: 50; 1989: 50–51, figs 48–52). The female of this species resembles O. modestus ( Simon, 1885) in the highly coiled copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by the epigynal pockets located at the middle of the epigyne ( Figs 88, 90, 92 , 95 ; vs. at anterior region of epigyne in O. modestus , see Prószyński 1992: 203, figs 155–157).

Description. See Suguro & Yahata (2014: 90, figs 10–11, 17–24).

Variations. Depth of epigynal pockets, angle of palpal bulb, and shape of dorsolateral protrusion of RTA varying across different specimens ( Figs 80–93 ).

Remarks. Okinawicius okinawaensis ( Prószyński, 1992) was originally described based on the difference in the depth of epigynal pockets from O. tokarensis (see Prószyński, 1992: 108, figs 98–100). However, it is worth noting that the depth of the epigynal pockets varies among different individuals, and sometimes even between the right and left pockets of the same individual ( Suguro & Yahata 2014). In addition, O. daitaricus ( Prószyński, 1992) is very similar to O. tokarensis in description and illustrations. It is not clear whether O. daitaricus and O. okinawaensis are synonyms of O. tokarensis , especially because of the fact that males of O. daitaricus and O. okinawaensis are yet unknown.

Prószyński (2016) presented an informal group, including Pseudicius Simon, 1885 and a few morphologically similar genera he erected ( Nepalicius Prószyński, 2016 , Okinawicius Prószyński, 2016 , Psenuc Prószyński, 2016 and Rudakius Prószyński, 2016 ). Currently, the diagnoses given for most of these genera (with exception of Rudakius ) are ambiguous, which challenges the accurate classification of species. In addition, the genus Afraflacilla Berland & Millot, 1941 contains some species with taxonomic status in doubt (e.g., A. ballarini Cao & Li, 2016 , A. goaensis Gawas & Tripathi, 2024 ). Therefore, a comprehensive study using both molecular data and morphological characters is necessary to clarify the messy classification of these genera.

Natural history. Foliage dwellers ( Fig. 4 ).

Distribution. China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan) ( Fig. 1 ), Japan.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distributional recordsof Cosmophasis ombria (Thorell, 1877), Heliophanoides ultramarine spec. nov., Heliophanus chovdensis Prószyński, 1982, Okinawicius tokarensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987), Phintella chunfen spec. nov., P. yi spec. nov. and Qingattus wulan spec. nov. in China.

FIGURES 2–8. Habitats of the described species in this paper. 2–3 Cosmophasis ombria (Thorell, 1877), Sanya City; 4 Okinawicius tokarensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987), Jinghong City; 5–8 Qingattus wulan spec. nov., Guangzhou City.

FIGURES 63–69. Okinawicius tokarensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987), male (63, 65, 67–69) and female (64, 66) from Beihai City. 63–66 Habitus (63–64 dorsal, 65–66 frontal). 67–68 Left chelicera (67 frontal, 68 posterior). 69 Left leg I, prolateral.

FIGURES 70–73. Okinawicius tokarensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987), male from Yingjiang County. 70, 73 Habitus (70 dorsal, 73 frontal). 71 Right chelicera, posterior. 72 Left leg I, prolateral.

FIGURES 74–79. Okinawicius tokarensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987), male from Shenzhen City. 74–75 Habitus (74 dorsal, 75 lateral). 76 Rigid setae, left side of carapace. 77 Rigid setae on right femur I, prolateral. 78–79 Right leg I (78 prolateral, 79 retrolateral).

FIGURES 80–87. Okinawicius tokarensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987) from Shenzhen City (80, 84), Jinghong City (81, 85), Yingjiang County (82, 86), and Beihai City (83, 87), male left palps (80–83 ventral, 84–87 retrolateral).

FIGURES 88–93. Okinawicius tokarensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987) from Dali City (88–91), Beihai City (92–93). 88, 90, 92 Epigynes, ventral. 89, 91, 93 Vulvae, dorsal.

FIGURES 94–101. Okinawicius tokarensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987), male (94, 96–98) and female (95, 99–101). 94 Left palp. 95 Epigyne. 96 RTA. 97 Carapace. 98 Left femur I. 99–100 Vulva. 101 Schematic course of right copulatory duct (94–95 ventral, 96 retrolateral, 97 lateral, 98 prolateral, 99–101 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct, CO—copulatory opening, E—embolus, FD—fertilization duct, GD—genital gland, P—pocket, S—spermatheca, TB—tegular bump.