Neozealides irroratus (Tonnoir & Malloch) Mathis & Zatwarnicki, 2019

Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz, 2019, New taxonomic twists in shore flies as revealed in discovery of Neozealides, a new genus from New Zealand (Diptera: Ephydridae), Zootaxa 4656 (3), pp. 487-500 : 491-495

Neozealides irroratus (Tonnoir & Malloch) , n. comb.

( Figs. 1–5 , 7–14 , Map 1 )

Hyadina irrorata Tonnoir & Malloch 1926: 16 .— Miller 1950: 111 [catalog, Diptera of New Zealand].— Harrison 1959: 231– 232 [fauna of New Zealand].— Mathis 1989: 646 [Australasian/Oceanian catalog].— Mathis & Zatwarnicki 1995: 204 [world catalog].

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small to me- dium-sized shore flies, body length 1.80–2.85 mm ( Figs. 1 , 5 ).

Head ( Figs. 1 , 4–5 , 14 ): Mesofrons with lateral gray stripe adjacent to golden brown ocellar triangle; only medial vertical seta well developed. Gena-to-eye ratio: 0.62–0.73. Proboscis ( Fig. 2 )

Thorax ( Figs. 1 , 4–5 ): Mesonotum lacking dark brown longitudinal vittae but with 4 short, linear whitish gray marks, 3 medial of dorsocentral track and 1 laterad of dorsocentral track just anterior of level of postalar seta; 1 row of very short acrostichal setulae; notopleuron brown, brownish coloration a continuation of mesonotal color immediate anterior of notopleuron. Wing ( Fig. 3 ) length 2.28–2.85 mm; wing width 1.05–1.23 mm; wing mostly infuscate, brownish, with numerous pale spots; 1 hyaline spot in cell R 1, 2 spots in cell R 2+3, cell R 4+5 with 2 spots, smaller spot basal, larger spot apical, discal cell and cell M each with 1 spot, each quite close to crossvein dm-cu; wing length to width ratio: 0.43–0.46; costal vein ratio: 0.52–0.62; M vein ratio 0.49–0.61.

Abdomen: Male terminalia ( Figs. 7–13 ): Epandrium (apparently including the fused surstyli) generally oval in posterior view ( Fig. 7 ) with a cluster of numerous setulae at ventral margin, apex somewhat angulate but not pointed, in lateral view ( Fig. 8 ) vertically elongate, irregularly tear-drop shaped with dorsal half narrow, almost parallel sided, shallowly curved, ventral half greatly expanded, angulate anteriorly, ventral margin broadly rounded, ventral margin bearing cluster of numerous setulae; cercus in posterior view ( Fig. 17 ) semi-hemispherical, medial margin straight, lateral margin broadly rounded, bearing numerous, evenly dispersed setulae, in lateral view ( Fig. 8 ) semi-hemispherical, posterior margin evenly and broadly rounded, anterior margin slightly concave, nearly straight; aedeagus in lateral view ( Fig. 13 ) elongate, unevenly Z-shaped from bifurcate base, dorsal extension shorter, less than half length of ventral extension, tapered, thereafter apical portion abruptly recurved to very narrow extension, ventral extension rod-like, truncate apically, in ventral view ( Figs. 9, 11 ) narrowly clavate, slightly wider basally, both apices rounded; phallapodeme in lateral view ( Fig. 13 ) narrowly triangular, keel relatively narrow, apical portion digitiform, extension to aedeagal base greatly narrowed and conspicuously curved, extension toward hypandrium angulate, about 90 degrees, in ventral view ( Figs. 9, 12 ) linear, elongate, narrowly rectangular, truncate at both apices, bearing a sub-basal short, pointed, crosspiece; gonite in lateral view ( Fig. 13 ) with rod-like dorsal extension or bridge that connects with opposite extension above aedeagus, apical portion short, wide, apex shallowly bilobed, dorsal shallow knob bearing a spine-like setula, ventral knob with 2 much smaller setulae, base irregularly, moderately deeply bifurcate; hypandrium in ventral view ( Fig. 10 ) comparatively broadly rounded anteriorly, thereafter posteriorly becoming abruptly narrower in a stepwise manner, posterior margin more narrowly rounded.

Primary Type Material. The holotype male is labeled “ Nelson N[ew].Z[ealand]. 10.VIII.22 [10 Aug 1922] A. Tonnoir/ TYPE Hyadina irrorata n.sp. A. Tonnoir det. [pink; species name and “n.sp.” handwritten].” The holotype is double mounted (minuten wound around base pin, bent at 90° angle upward), is in good condition (right wing removed, mounted on a small celluloid slide that is attached to the main pin beneath the locality label; several setae, especially of head, missing), and is deposited in the NZAC .

Type Locality. New Zealand. South Island : Nelson (41°17.7'S, 173°17.5'E) .

Specimens Examined (all from New Zealand). NORTH ISLAND. AK: Auckland, Lynfield W (36°55.7'S, 174°43.2'E), 12 Mar 1978, G. Kuschel (1♂; NZAC); Karekare (beach; 36°59.1'S, 174°28.8'E), 5 Feb 1998, VH (1♀; USNM) . BP: Paradise Valley (38°07.9'S, 176°09.6'E), 7 Feb 1998, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM) . ND: Bay of Islands , Waikaraka Stream Valley (S Puketi Forest; 35°17.2'S, 173°44.7'E), 13 Nov 1985, R. F. Gilbert (1♀; AMNZ) . RI: Ohakune (39°25.1'S, 175°23.9'E), Nov 1922, T. R. Harris (1♀; BMNH) . TO: National Park (12 km N; 39°8.8'S, 175°30.6'E; 840 m; Whakapapanui Stream and Mahuia Rapids), 4 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (5♂, 3♀; USNM) ; S. E. National Park (near Tongariro River ; 39°01.8'S, 175°45.3'E; swampy bush), 1 Jan 1971, H. A. Oliver (1♂, 2♀; NZAC) . WO: Pirongia Mountain , Lyn (37°59.5'S, 175°05.9'E; stream side), 7 Jan 1968, H. A. Oliver (1♂; NZAC) .

SOUTH ISLAND . BR: Punakaiki , Bullock Creek (42°06'S, 171°20.5'E; 20 m; Malaise trap), 4–17 Apr 1983, G. R. Champness (1♂, 1♀; LUNZ) . CO: Danseys Pass (44°56.7'S, 170°34.1'E; at light), 9 Feb 1982, R. M. Emberson (1♀; LUNZ) ; Danseys Pass (44°56.7'S, 170°34.1'E; 245 m), 12 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 4♀; USNM) ; Danseys Pass (1.2 km SW; 44°57.2'S, 170°22.0'E; 856 m), 11 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 2♀; USNM) . FD: Fiordland National Park , Grebe Valley (45°35'S, 167°22'E; 250 m), 4 Feb 1982, R. M. Emberson (1♀; LUNZ) ; Monowai (45°46.5'S, 167°37.0'E; 120 m); 20 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM) . KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13'S, 173°45.3'E; 420 m), 8 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (13♂, 15♀; USNM) . MC: Acheron River (43°19.7'S, 171°40.5'E; 772 m), 10 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2♀; USNM) ; Cass (43°02.1'S, 171°45.4'E), Feb 1925, A. Tonnoir (1♀; para- type; NZAC) ; Simois Stream (43°17.8'S, 171°32.9'E; 130 m), 10 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM) . NN: Motueka Valley , Graham Stream (41°11.9'S, 172°48.6'E), 12 Feb 1998, V. Hollmann (3♂; NZAC, USNM) ; Mt. Ar- thur (41°13'S, 172°40'E; 1372 m), 21 Dec 1921, A. Tonnoir (1♂; paratype; NZAC) ; Nelson (41°17.7'S, 173°17.5'E), 10 Aug 1922, A. Tonnoir (1♂; holotype; NZAC) ; Nelson , Maitai Valley (41°16.5'S, 173°19.2'E), 3 Jan 1968, D. J. Allan (1♂; NZAC) . OL: Mararoa River (25 km E Te Anau; 45°32.5'S, 167°53.2'E; 295 m), 25 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (5♂, 5♀; USNM) ; Queenstown (45°01.6'S, 168°39.6'E; 330 m); 27 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM) . SC: Mesopotamia (43°37'S, 170°54'E), 6 Dec 1978, C. A. Muir (1♀; LUNZ) . Lees Valley (43°09'S, 172°10.4'E), 25 Feb 1961, R. A. Harrison (1♀; LUNZ) .

Distribution ( Map 1 ). Australasian/Oceanian: New Zealand. North Island (AK, BP, ND, RI, TO, WO), South Island ( BR, CO, FD, KA, MC, NN, OL, SC).

Remarks. This species ranges from costal lowlands to elevations of 1370 m and is apparently associated with lotic aquatic ecosystems.

Although similar to N. obscurifrons , the only other known congener, this species differs from it by its generally larger size (body length 1.80–2.85 mm versus 1.35–1.93 mm for N. obscurifrons ) and by the many characters noted previously in the key.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Neozealides irroratus (male; New Zealand. South Island. KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13'S, 173°45.3'E; 420 m)), habitus, lateral view (scale bar = 1.0 mm).

FIGURES 2–4. Neozealides irroratus (male; New Zealand. South Island. KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13'S, 173°45.3'E; 420 m)), details. 2. Proboscis, lateral view (microscopic photograph (New Zealand. North Island. TO: S. E. National Park (near Tongariro River; 39°01.8'S, 175°45.3'E; swampy bush); scale bar = 0.1 mm); 3. Wing, dorsal view (New Zealand. South Island. KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13'S, 173°45.3'E; 420 m) (female, scale bar = 1.0 mm); 4. Head, antero-oblique view (scale bar = 0.5 mm).

FIGURES 5–6. Habitus, dorsal view. 5. Neozealides irroratus (male; New Zealand. South Island. KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13'S, 173°45.3'E; 420 m)); 6. Neozealides obscurifrons (male; New Zealand. South Island. KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13'S, 173°45.3'E; 420 m)). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

MAP 1. Neozealides irroratus.

FIGURES 7–13. Male terminalia of Neozealides irroratus (New Zealand. South Island. KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13'S, 173°45.3'E; 420 m). 7. Epandrium and cerci, ventral view; 8. Same, lateral view; 9. Internal male terminalia, ventral view; 10. Gonite and hypandrium, ventral view; 11. Aedeagus, ventral view; 12. Phallapodeme, ventral view. 13. Internal male terminalia, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 14–15. Head, anterior view. 14. Neozealides irroratus (male; New Zealand. South Island. KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13'S, 173°45.3'E; 420 m)); 15. Neozealides obscurifrons (male; New Zealand. South Island. KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13'S, 173°45.3'E; 420 m)). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 17–23. Male terminalia of Neozealides obscurifrons (New Zealand. South Island. MC: Christchurch (Styx Mill Reserve). 17. Epandrium and cerci, ventral view; 18. Same, lateral view; 19. Internal male terminalia, ventral view; 20. Gonite and hypandrium, ventral view; 21. Aedeagus, ventral view; 22. Phallapodeme, ventral view. 23. Internal male terminalia, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.