Nanometa lagenifera ( Urquhart, 1888 ), 2020

Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Kallal, Robert J. & Hormiga, Gustavo, 2020, Taxonomy And Phylogenetics Of Nanometinae And Other Australasian Orb-Weaving Spiders (Araneae: Tetragnathidae), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2020 (438), pp. 1-107 : 1-107

Nanometa lagenifera ( Urquhart, 1888) ,

comb. nov.

Figures 20 , 22–24, 37

Linyphia lagenifera Urquhart, 1888: 111 , pl. 11, fig. 4 (female type, not examined).

Tetragnatha herbigrada Urquhart, 1890: 253 (type not examined, depository unknown). Synonymized by Bryant (1933).

Orsinome australis Simon, 1899: 423 (type not examined). Synonymized by Bryant (1933).

Orsinome herbigrada ( Urquhart, 1888) Dalmas, 1917: 369 , fig. 38.

Orsinome lagenifera ( Urquhart, 1888) Bryant, 1933: 21 .

Orsiella lagenifera ( Urquhart, 1888) Forster and Forster, 1999: 167 , figs. 11.30b, 113.30c.

TYPE MATERIAL: Female holotype of Linyphia lagenifera from New Zealand, Otago, P. Goyen, deposited at the Canterbury Museum, last revised by Dalmas (1917) and Bryant (1933). Drawings and descriptions by these two authors were accurate for specimen identification.

DIAGNOSIS: Males of Nanometa lagenifera differ from those of other congeneric species in New Zealand by its longer embolus, which curves outside the margin of the tegulum in ventral view (fig. 22B), while in N. purpurapunctata and N. forsteri the embolus is much shorter and curves onto the surface of the tegulum. In ventral view (fig. 24D), females of N. lagenifera lack the longitudinal septum of N. purpurapunctata and N. forsteri . In addition, N. lagenifera can be differentiated from other large Nanometa species by the following combination of characters: epigynum rectangular flat sclerotized area (fig. 20B), genital openings opening posteriorly, shaped as two sclerotized grooves; median plate hourglass shaped (fig. 20D), genital opening septum narrow, approximately ¼ of the epigynum width (fig. 20B, D). CEBP bearing one small basal apophysis heavily sclerotized (figs. 22B, D, H; 23F, 24A–C). CEMP tip separated from the cymbium and gradually bending as long hook (figs. 22D, 24C). CEMP wider and shorter than in N. trivittata and not bent ventrally (figs. 22F, 23F).

DESCRIPTION: Female (TEAU009, TEAU024, TEAU040) total length 8.0. Cephalothorax length 3.0, width 2.4. Clypeus height 1.1 AME diameter. Cephalothorax yellow with darkbrown pattern (fig. 20A, C). Eyes subequal in size, lateral smaller (fig. 20G). Sternum dark brown (fig. 20E). Cheliceral promargin and retromargin with three and two teeth, respectively, ca. five cheliceral denticles. Abdomen dorsum background gray, guanine patches concentrated in the center, delineated by two lines of dark-brown chevrons and guanine patches (fig. 20A). Lateral line of guanine patches diffuse and intercalated with dark-brown reticulated spots (fig. 20C). Tracheae observed with SEM, median tracheael trunks branched, lateral tracheae tube shaped. Femur I length 5.9. Copulatory ducts modified as membranous sacs with translucent cuticle and internal sclerotized apodemes, spermathecae oval, translucent, and weakly sclerotized (figs. 20H, 24E), accessory duct glands clustered on puDzallshaped clusters (figs. 23D, 24E).

Male (TEAU010) as female except as noted. Total length 7.5. Cephalothorax length 2.1, width 2.4. Clypeus 1.2 AME diameter (fig. 20I). Cephalothorax and abdomen lighter than in female. Cheliceral promargin and retromargin with three and two teeth respectively, denticles ca. two. Stridulatory organ formed by a cuticular thick and highly sclerotized ridge on the booklung anterior edge, coxa IV retrolateral not examined with SEM. Femur I length 10.2. Basal apophysis of conductor tip absent, distal apophysis short and heavily sclerotized (figs. 22B, F, 24A–C).

VARIATION: Females (N = 3) total length 7.0– 8.0, cephalothorax length 2.8–3.0, width 2.1–2.4. Males (N = 2) total length 7.4–8.0, cephalothorax length 2.1–3.3, width 2.4–2.5.

DISTRIBUTION: This species can be found inhabiting the North and South islands of New Zealand (fig. 37E).

NATURAL HISTORY: Forster and Forster (1999: 167, fig. 11.30a) report that Nanometa lagenifera seems to be restricted to shady streams and describe their webs as “horizontal snares above the water surface, often anchored to stones or debris sticking out of the water.”

REMARKS: Although Tetragnatha arborea Urquhart, 1891 , is listed as a synonym of Orsinome lagenifera in the World Spider Catalog (2019), this species belongs to a different genus and is described below.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: N = 23. NEW ZEA- LAND, South Island: Christchurch City Co., Banks Peninsula, Hinewai Reserve, Big Kanuka Trail. 43° 48′ 38″ S, 173° 1′ 15.6″ E, 508 m. G. Hormiga & N. Scharff, 3 March 2010, sifted leaf litter and mosses, 1 male, 1 female, 4 immatures GWU (measurement voucher FAPM010); Christchurch City Co., Banks Peninsula, Hinewai Reserve, Big Kanuka Trail. 43° 48′ 38″ S, 173° 1′ 15.6″ E, 508 m, G. Hormiga & N. Scharff, 3 March 2010, sifted leaf litter and mosses, 2 males, 1 female GWU (DNA voucher GH11172); Christchurch City Co., Banks Peninsula, Hinewai Reserve, Lower Valley Track, W of Otanerito Homestead, 43° 49′ 38.3″ S, 173° 2′ 40.1″ E, 71 m, G. Hormiga & N. Scharff, 3 March 2010, general collecting at night, 1 female GWU (image voucher TEAU009); Christchurch City Co., Banks Peninsula, Hinewai Reserve, Lower Valley Track, W of Otanerito Homestead, 43° 49′ 38.3″ S, 173° 2′ 40.1″ E, 71 m, G. Hormiga & N. Scharff, 3 March 2010, general collecting at night, 1 male GWU (image voucher TEAU010); Christchurch City Co., Banks Peninsula, Hinewai Reserve, Lower Valley Track, W of Otanerito Homestead, 43° 49′ 38.3″ S, 173° 2′ 40.1″ E, 71 m, G. Hormiga & N. Scharff, 3 March 2010, general collecting at night, 2 males, 4 females, 1 immature GWU (one female SEM voucher TEAU040 all adults paratypes); Christchurch City Co., Banks Peninsula, Hinewai Reserve, Lower Valley Track, W of Otanerito Homestead, 43° 49′ 38.3″ S, 173° 2′ 40.1″ E, 71 m, G. Hormiga & N. Scharff, 3 March 2010, general collecting at night, 1 male, 1 female, 3 immatures, GWU. North Island: Tararua Forest Park, Holdsworth Loop Trail, 40° 53′ 59.9″ S, 175° 27′ 56.5″ E, 338 m. G. Hormiga & N. Scharff, 14–15 April 2011, GWU (DNA voucher GH1113). 1 female GWU (image voucher TEAU024). 4 females, 12 immatures GWU; Waiorongomai Valley, Te Aroha, 37° 33′ 39.25″ S, 175° 45′ 27.81″ E, 72 m. D.J. Vulley, 15 May 1984, one male, one female QM S58329 ; Franz Josef Glacier, Alex Knob Track, -43.41082804: 170.17762, 182 m, G. Hormiga, G. Giribet, M. Arnedo, R. Fernández, F. Álvarez-Padilla, R.J. Kallal, C. Baker, 17.i.2016, 2 males GWU. Kelceys Bush Conservation Area, 44° 42′ 2.62″ S, 170° 57′ 57.84″ E, 151 m, G. Hormiga, G. Giribet, M. Arnedo, R. Fernández, F. Álvarez-Padilla, R.J. Kallal, C. Baker, 22 January 2016, 9 females, 3 juveniles GWU.

Figures

FIGURE 20. Nanometa lagenifera (female: TEAU009, TEAU024; male: TEAU010). A. Female, dorsal habitus. B. Epigynum, ventral. C. Female, lateral habitus. D. Epigynum, caudal. E. Female, ventral habitus. F.Stridulatory ridge anterior to booklung cover and sclerotized cuticle of coxa IV indicated with arrows. G. Female, frontal habitus. H. Epigynum, dorsal digested. I. Male, frontal habitus. Scale bars: A, C, E, 1.0 mm; B, D, F, H, 0.2 mm; G, I, 0.5 mm.