Myopsalta mackinlayi ( Distant, 1882 ), 2017

Popple, Lindsay W., 2017, A revision of the Myopsalta crucifera (Ashton) species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettini) with 14 new species from mainland Australia, Zootaxa 4340 (1), pp. 1-98 : 46-56

Myopsalta mackinlayi ( Distant, 1882)

( Figs 1H , 2H , 3O, 3P , 17 , 18–20 ; Plate 8 )

Melampsalta mackinlayi Distant, 1882: 130 , pl. 7.

Cicadetta mackinlayi ( Distant, 1882) : Moulds, 1988; Moulds, 1990: 144.

Notopsalta atrata ( Goding & Froggatt, 1904) : Ewart, 1988: 183, 191, 194, 198, 199, Fig. 10A , Pl. 3F; Lithgow, 1988: 65; Moulds, 1990: 160, 169, Plate 19, Figs 7, 7a ; Ewart, 1998a: 54 –57, Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 ; Sueur, 2001: 43, Table 1; Popple & Strange, 2002: 22, 29, Table 1; Emery et al. 2005: 102 –107, Tables 1–3; Moulds, 2005: 395 –397; Shiyake, 2007: 8, 108, 110, Fig. 189.

Myopsalta mackinlayi ( Distant, 1882) : Moulds, 2012: 17, 21, 24, 74, 151.

Myopsalta atrata ( Going and Froggatt, 1904) : Moulds, 2012: 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 151, 152, 162.

Myopsalta nr atrata: Marshall et al., 2016: 10 , Fig. 2b .

There are three specimens labelled as syntypes of Melampsalta mackinlayi in the Natural History Museum, London. Examination of these specimens reveals that each now belongs to a different genus within the Cicadettini , and only one of the specimens keys to Myopsalta . Notably, this female specimen is the only example in the type series that bears the red ‘type’ label and it is also the specimen that matches the illustration provided for M. mackinlayi in Distant (1882) . Therefore, this female specimen has been chosen as the lectotype. The remaining two specimens are not designated as paralectotypes because one is a female of Chelpsalta myoporae Ewart, Popple & Marshall and the other is a male from an undescribed species in what is most likely an undescribed genus allied to Yoyetta Moulds. Examinations have revealed that the female lectotype of M. mackinlayi is conspecific with material formerly identified as Myopsalta atrata (as noted in the synonymy list above). A revised identity for M. atrata and a redescription of that species was provided by Emery et al. (2015b).

Types. Lectotype (here designated): ♀ ‘Peak Downs’ [Queensland], ‘ mackinlayi Dist. ’, ‘Distant Coll. 1911– 383’, ‘Type’ [red label], ‘Syn-type’ [Pale blue label] (NHM). Other material. QUEENSLAND: 1♀ Toowoomba, C. Barrett, x.1910, H. Ashton Coll., K295890; 3♂ Laidley, 19.ii.1978, W. J. Woodhead, K295891, K295893, K295894; 3♂ [poor condition] Laidley, 19.ii.1978, W. J. Woodhead; 2♂ 1♀ Carnarvon Rge, xii.1941, N. Geary (AM); 2♂ 5k. along Millmerran–Turallin Rd, NW. of Millmerran, 24.i.91, T.A. Lambkin; 2♂ Dunmore S.F., W. of Cecil Plains, 30.x.1980, T. A. Lambkin; 1♂ Millmerran, 4.x.1990, T.A. Lambkin; 1♂ Chinchilla, 15.ii.1990, T.A. Lambkin; 1♂ Leyburn, 1.ii.92, A.I. Knight; 1♂ Gentleman’s Seat, S. of Pittsworth, 30.x.1990, T.A. Lambkin; 1♂ 5km S.E. of Meringandan, 30.xi.1990, T.A. Lambkin, ANIC Database no. 20 0 0 5608, Bold Proc. ID ANICY583- 11; 4♂ 1♀ Biggenden, 4.i.1972, H. Frauca, sclphl forest; 1♀ 7 km N. of Jondaryan, 25.xii.1982, J.T. Doyen; 2♂ Ban Ban Ra. via Coalstoun Lakes, 8.i.1974, H. Frauca; 1♂ Ban Ban Ra. via Coalstoun Lakes, 7.i.1974, H. Frauca; 1♀ Lemon Tree Stn. N. of Millmerran, K.H.L. Key; 2♀ Foothills of Mt Walsh Nat. Park, 10 km SbyE. of Biggenden, 1–2.i.1972, H. Frauca; 2♂ Biggenden, Bluff Range, 13.i.1972, H. Frauca; 1♂ Ban Ban Ra. via Coalstoun Lakes, 5.ii.1975, H. Frauca; 1♂ Cunningham’s Gap Nat. Pk, 4km W. of summit, 27–28.xi.1982, J. Doyen coll. (ANIC);1♀ ‘Lakeview’, Lake Broadwater SW. of Dalby, 8.xii.2000, M. Bennie. 27°21.08'S 151°05.43'E, previously designated as a paratype of Chelapsalta myoporae Ewart et al., 2015b ; 1♂ 16 km N. of Boonah, 24.xii.1990, C.J. Burwell; 2♂ same data as previous, 8.xii.1990; 1♂ same data as previous, 22.xii.1990; 2♂ 16 km N. of Boonah, 27°54'S 152°41'E, 25–26.xii.1996, C.J. Burwell; 1♂ same data as previous, 3.xii.1997; 6♂ same data as previous, 17.ix.1994; 1♂ same data as previous, 19.i.1997; 1♂ 1♀ 26°26'S 150°30'E, Barakula, 330 m, 11–17.x.2004, G.B. Monteith, mercury vapour lamp, 11672; 1♂ 7♀ Expedition Range National Park, ‘Ampitheatre’ campsite, 560 m, 25°12'S 148°59'E, 17.xii.1997, Burwell, Evans & Ewart, mercury vapour lamp, open forest; 1♂ 3♀ same data as previous, 18.xii.1997; 1♀ ‘Wonga Hills’, site 5, 26°03'S 150°50'E, 11.xii.2001, S.G. Wright; 1♀ ‘Wonga Hills’, site 1, 26°04'S 150°49'E, 480 m, 11.xii.2001 – 4.iii.2002, Monteith & Cook, vine scrub, 10397; 1♂ Nipping Gully, site 6, 25°42'S 151°26'E, 200 m, 18–19.xii.1998, G. Monteith, C. Gough & G. Maywald; 2♀, Nipping Gully, site 1, 25°42'S 151°26'E, 300 m, 16.i.2003, G.B. Monteith, mercury vapour lamp, open forest; 3♂ 1♀ Binjour Plateau, Swains Rd, 340 m, 25°32'S 152°30'E, 21.xii.1997, C.J. Burwell, S. Evans; 1♀, Nipping Gully, site 2, 25°40'S 151°26'E, 300 m, 16.i.2003, Monteith, Gough & Thompson, mercury vapour lamp, vine forest, 7461; 3♀ Boomer Range, Python Scrub, site 5, 23°12'S 149°44'E, 240 m, 16.xii.1999 – 22.iii.2000, Monteith, flight intercept, vine scrub, 9117; 1♂ Expedition Range NP, ‘Amphitheatre’, 25°13'S 148°59'E, 520 m, 18.xii.1997, Evans, Burwell & Ewart, mercury vapour lamp, vine scrub; 18♂ 24♀ Hurdle Gully, 14.8 km WSW. of Mon to, 24°55'S 150°59'E, 460 m, 19.xii.1997, Evans, Burwell & Ewart, mv lamp, open forest; 2♀ same data as previous, 21.xii.1997; 1♂ Hurdle Gully, 13.3 km WSW. of Mon to, 24°55'S 150°59'E, 390 m, 20.xii.1997, Burwell, Evans & Ewart, mercury vapour lamp; 1♀ Mt Greville base, nr Boonah, 28°03.9'S 152°30.7'E, 240 m, 28.xii.2016 – 5.i.2017, N. Starick, C. Lambkin, at light, 37298; 1♂ 24.8052°S 147.7546°E, Carnarvon Stn, nr Homestead, 753 m, 12.x.2014, Lambkin, Wright, J. & K. Wilson, Net, flowering herbs, 37271, Myopsalta sp. nr crucifera ; 1♂ 24.8037°S 147.7545°E, Carnarvon Stn, nr Homestead, 750 m, 12.x.2014, Lambkin, Wright, J. & K. Wilson, Net, Eucalyptus woodland, 37275; 1♀ Boomer Range, site 3, 23°12'S 149°45'E, 21.iii.2000, G.B. & S.R. Monteith, mercury vapour lamp, 9266; 1♀ Boomer Range, site 8, 23°12'S 149°46'E, 220 m, 16.xii.1999 – 22.iii.2000, Monteith, flight intercept, open forest, 9226; 1♀ 2 km NNW. of Mt Robert, 21°21'S 148°29'E, 360 m, 19.xii.2000 – 25.iii.2001, Cook & Monteith, vine scrub, 9997; 7♀ 9.5 km NE. of Mt Salmon, 23°11'S 150°07'E, 60 m, 16.xii.1999 – 22.iii.2000, Monteith, on road, flight intercept, vine scrub, 9228; 1♀ Rundle Range National Park, site 1, 23°39'S 150°58'E, 15 m, 15.xii.1999 – 20.iii.2000, Monteith, flight intercept, vine scrub, 9111; 1♀ 3 km S of Pine Mt, 21°46'S 148°51'E, 230 m, 17.xii.1999 – 24.iii.2000, Monteith, flight intercept, vine scrub, 9242 (QM); 1♂ Gatton, 12.i.1961, M. Ludlow; 1♂ Dalby, 30.x.1979, H.E. & M.A. Evans & A. Hook; 1♂ Gympie, 26.v.1961, R.J. Nesser; 1♀ Aratula, 14.i.1952, M. W.; 1♂ Bundamba, 6.iv.1952, J. Davis; 1♂ Lawes, 22.i.1953, E. Jones; 1♂ 20 miles S. of Biloela, 7.i.1972, B. Cantrell; 1♀ ‘Mourangee’, Edungalba, 29.iii.1975, R.I. Storey; 1♂ Kingaroy, 10.xii.1942, A. Gardner; 1♂ Darra, 20.iii.1954, O.R. Byrne; 1♀ Planted Creek via Tansey, 12.xii.1976, G.B. & S.R. Monteith (UQIC); 1♂ Boomer Range NP, NW. of Rockhampton, 23°12.29'S 149°44.34'E, 30.ix.1999, Ewart, Burwell, Monteith, Evans, Edge Python Scrub, recorded; 1♂ 104 km S. of Rolleston, 25°18.09'S 148°39.60'E, 1.ii.2000, A.E., Acacia regrowth, Notopsalta atrata ; 1♂ Brigalow Res. Stn, nr Theodore, 24°47.92'S 149°45.45'E, 21.xii.2000, A.E., N.W. brigalow section, recorded, N. atrata ; 1♂ ‘Allinga’, Chinchilla, 9044/644484, 29.i.1998, brigalow; 3♂ 1♀ Hookswood Rd, ~ 6 km N. of Miles, 26°35.87'S 150°12.46’E, 17.x.1999, A. Ewart; 4♂ Hookswood Rd, 4.7 km N. of Racecourse Rd Jct., Miles, 26°35.88'S 150°12.54'E, 22.xi.1997, light; 1♀ same location as previous, 6.x.1998, Ewart; 1♂ same location as previous, 14.xii.1997, Ewart, N. atrata , recorded (box); 2♂ 2♀ 11.6 km SSW. of Leyburn, 28°06.44'S 151°33.73'E, 16.i.2001, A. Ewart, Cassinia/Poplar Box; 1♂ 6.4 km SW. of R. Wicks R.S., Bringalily SF via Inglewood, 28°18.23'S 151°05.31'E, 20.xi.2007, A. Ewart, recorded open net, field, N. atrata ; 1♂ Laidley Valley, 25 km S. of Laidley, 5.i.1992, R. Hall; 1♂ Lake Broadwater via Dalby, 9.xii.1987, Monteith & Thompson; 1♂ 6.1 km E. of Kaimkillenbun, 27°04.33'S 151°29.83'E, 19.xii.2001, A. Ewart, recorded, Notopsalta atrata ; 1♀ Brigalow Creek, ~ 5 km NE. of Goondiwinid, 28°30.49'S 150°20.09'E, 17.i.2001, A. Ewart; 2♂ 7.1 km NNE. of Information Centre, Mt Moffatt NP, 24°58.17'S 147°58.91'E, 15.xii.2006, A. Ewart, Notopsalta atrata ; 2♀ 1.3 km SW. of R. Wicks Res. Stn, Bringalily SF via Inglewood, 28°17.75'S 151°08.46'E, 13.xii.2007, A. Ewart, mv light; 1♀ R. Wicks, R.S., Bringalily via Inglwood, 28°17.49'S 151°08.97'E, 23.xi.2007, A. Ewart; 1♂ same data as previous, 20.xi.2007; 1♀ same data as previous, 21.xi.2007; 1♀ 25 km SE. of Goondiwindi, Macintyre R. flood plain, 28°39.24'S 150°31.72'E. 18.i.2001, A. Ewart, light; 1♂ ‘Allinga’, Chinchilla, 9044/644484, 29.i.1998, brigalow; 1♂ 1♀ same data as previous, 29.i.1998; 4♂ 2 km E. of Cracow, 18.ii.1979, recorded, creek flats; 1♂ 2 km W. of Uni. House, Cracow, 21.viii.1979, low shrubs, ridge; 1♂ Dunmore SF, 11.i.2000, S. Wilson, Notopsalta atrata (male); 14♂ 6♀ Girraween, 26.xi.1980; 3♂ 1♀ Boonah Rd turnoff W. of Ipswich, 2.xi.1980; 1♀ Samford, Mark’s Pty, 2.xii.1978; 1♂ Mt Crosby, 4.i.1981, Brisbane; 1♂ Broadwater Ck, Stanthorpe, 28.i.1979; 1♂ Mitchell, 3.ii.1982, at light,?small spotted grass cicada; 1♂ Iron Bark, Crows Nest, 22.xi.1975, to light; 1♂ same data as previous, low to med. height on tree trunk; 2♂ The Amphitheatre, NW. Robinson Gorge NP, 25°12.07'S 148°59.43'E, open forest (camp), 17.xii.1997; 1♂ Burwell Pty N. of Boonah, 27°53.80'S 152°41.89'E, 1.xi.1998, Ewart, Burwell, grass/pasture; 1♂ Big Womalilla Ck, 2nd crossing, 22 km W. of Mitchell, 26°29.25'S 147°44.56'E, 16.xi.1998, A. Ewart, mulga (AE); 1♂ Glenwood, 25°57.023'S 152°36.09'E, 27.xii.2007, B. Mallet; 1♂ Linthorpe Env. Park, 4.i.2006, D. Emery, L. Popple; 2♂ Mt Lindesay Rd, Peak Crossing, 12.xii.2002, D. Emery & L. Popple (DE); 10♂ 1♀ Mt Norman, 2.xii.1998, J. Moss, L. Popple & D. Sands, 281-003 to 281-0013; 1♂ Hookswood Road N. of Miles, 2.xii.1999, J. Moss & L. Popple, 281-0014; Razorback Road, 30 km SW. of Gatton, 500 m, 12.ix.1999, Leiper, Moss & Popple, 281-0015; 3♂ 3♀ Myall Park, 8 km N. of Glenmorgan, 27–28.xii.2001, L. Popple & A. Strange, mercury vapour lamp; 281-0016 to 281-0021; 1♂ Australiana Park, Warwick, SEQ, 23.xi.2001, L. W. Popple, 281-0022; 1♂ Brookstead, 3.xii.2001, L. Popple & J. Moss, 281-0023; 1♂ Intersection of New England and Cunningham Highways, 11.xii.2001, L. Popple & J. Moss, 281-0024; 1♂ Rennick’s Mill, 26.7333°S, 150.4566°E, 2.x.1997, A. Ewart & J. Moss, 281- 0025; 1♂ Gurulmundi State Forest, 2.xii.1999, L. Popple & J. Moss, 281-0026; 2♂ Mt Marlay via Stanthorpe, 6.i.2001, L. Popple & J. Moss, 281-0027 & 281-0028; 1♂ 3♀ Westbrook Creek, 7 km W. of Drayton, 3.xii.2001, J. Moss & L. Popple, 281-0029 to 281-0032; 1♂ 82 km N. of St George, 30.xii.2001, L. Popple & A. Strange, mercury vapour lamp, 281-0033; 1♂ Murphy’s Creek, 19.ii.2000, J. Moss & L. Popple, 281-0034; 1♂ Cunningham’s Gap, 11.xii.2001, L. Popple, J. Moss, 281-0035; 4♂ Crows Nest, 26.xii.2001, L. Popple & A. Strange, 281-0036 to 281-0039; 1♂ Atkinson’s Lagoon, 27°26'S 152°27'E, 31.xii.1997, L. & R. Popple, open forest/woodland, 281-0040; 1♂ Columboola Environmental Education Centre, 28.xi–4.xii.1999, L. Popple & J. Moss, 281-0041; 1♂ 3 km S. of Lowood, 14.xii.1998, L. W. Popple, 281-0042; 1♂ 15 km N. of Monto, 14.xii.1999, L. Popple & J. Moss, 281-0043; 3♂ 1♀ 6 km W. of Thane, 28°09'41''S 151°57'59''E, 11.xii.2001, Hand collected, L. W. Popple, 281-0044 to 281-0047; 1♀ Linthorpe Environmental Reserve, 3.xii.2001, L. Popple & J. Moss, mercury vapour lamp, 281-0048; 1♂ Aratula, 15.xii.2001, L. Popple & R. MacSloy, 281-0049; 2♂ Drayton, 3.xi.2001, L. Popple, J. Moss, 281-0050 to 281-0051; 1♂ Willowvale, 5 km N. of Warwick, 11.xii.2001, L. Popple, J. Moss, 281-0052; 1♂ Kalbar, 17–20.xii.1998, L. Popple, J. Moss, 281-0053; 1♂ Willowvale N. of Warwick, 15.xii.2001, L. Popple & R. MacSloy, 281-0054; 1♂ 15 km ESE. of Oakey, 19.x.2003, L. Popple & A. Strange, 281-0056; 1♂ Laidley, 27°38'S 152°24'E, 25.xii.2003, J. Beard, at light, 281-0058; 1♂ 1♀ Humphrey Road via Binjour, 25°33'47''S 151°27'24''E, 26.xi.2004, L. Popple & M. Finlay-Doney, 281-0059, 281-0060 & 282- 0007; 2♂ 1♀ Possum Park, 19 km N. of Miles, 25.xi.2005, L.W. Popple & N. Hando, mercury vapour lamp, 281- 0 0 62, 281-0063 & 282-0030; 1♂ Binjour Plateau State School, Burnett Highway, 27.xi.2005, L. Popple & M. Finlay-Doney, 281-0064; 1♂ Cooyar park, 26°58'53''S 151°49'50''E, 7.xii.2006, L. Popple & A. McKinnon, 281- 0065; 1♀ 0.5 km along Marlong Plains Road, Mt Moffatt National Park, 25°57.70'S 147°59.86'E, 14.xii.2006, A. Ewart, mercury vapour lamp, 281-0066; 1♂ Girraween National Park, 28°49'50''S 151°56'37''S, 22.i.2010, L.W. Popple, grassy woodland, 281-0068 (LWP); 2♂ 1♀ Dumore State Forest, approx.. 50 km SW. of Dalby, 400 m, 30.i.1987, A. Hiller; 1♂ Amiens State Forest, W. of Stantorpe, 28°35’S 151°48’E, 1.xii.1985, G. Daniels; 1♀ Mt Marlay, Stanthorpe, 21.xii.1986, R. Eastwood; 1♂ Withcott, approx. 8 km NE. of Toowoomba, 17.xii.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds; 1♂ Yelarbon, 11.xi.1973, M.S. Moulds; 1♂ Connolly Dam, Warwick, 10.i.1990, R. Eastwood; 2♂ 15 km E. of Emu Vale, 20.xi.1980, G. Daniels; 1♂ 1♀ 3 km E. of Mourangee Hsd nr Edungalba, 28.i.1991, E. E.

Adams; 1♂ 2♀ 85 km S. of Rolleston , 20.xii.1983, M.S. & B.J. Moulds ; 3♀ 70 km S. of Blackwater , 19.i.1987, M.S. & B.J. Moulds ; 1♂ AU.QL.APE, 75 km E. of Alpha , 23°40.323'S 147°19.102'E, 28.i. 2009, 342 m, K. Hill & D. Marshall ; 1♂ AU.QL.CHY, 49 km W. of Emerald , 23°33.758'S 147°41.473'E, 28.i. 2009, 262 m, K. Hill & D. Marshall ; 1♂ 6 km NE. of Rolleston , 24.xi.1986, M.S. & B.J. Moulds ; 1♂ 80 km S. of Rolleston , 24.xi.1986, M.S. & B.J. Moulds ; 1♂ 1♀ AU.QL.EXP, Expedition Rg., on Dawson Hwy , 24°38.658'S 149°1.292'E, 437 m, 7.i.2009, Hill, Marshall, Moulds, Owen ; 11♂ 2♀ AU.QL.ATT, ‘ Mingoola’, 3.1 km NW. of Bruxner Hwy, 28°59.267'S 151°31.225'E, 4.i.2009, K. Hill, D. Marshall, Moulds , C. Owen ( MSM) ; NEW SOUTH WALES: 1♀ Tamworth , NSW, 2.i.1966, C. N. Smithers; 11♂ 4♀ Wheogo , near Dunedoo, N.S.W., xii.1927, A. Musgrave, K295901 to K295915 ; 1♀ Tubrabucca, Up. Hunter Dist. , N.S.W, 10.i.1948, 4,300 ft, A. Musgrave & Aust. Mus. Part, K 295918 ; 2♂ 1♀ Rookwood NSW, 6.xii.1969, G. Daniels, K295892, K295898, K295899 ; 1♂ Ashton Coll., Penrith, 28.i.06, Melampsalta atrata , K295895; 1 ♂ Ashton Coll., K295897; 1♂ Melampsalta atrata, Mulgoa , 11.xi.06, Ashton Coll., K295900; 1♂ Northern N.S.W., xi.1933, A. Musgrave, K295919 ; 2♂ Adam’s Scrub, 14.6km S. of Warialda , 29.667°S, 150.567°E, 385m, 18.xi.2009, D.R. Britton, J. Recsei, Callitris /sclerophyll forest, SEVT2009044 (MV Lamp), K295920, K295921 ; 1♂ Deriah Aboriginal Area, 23km E. of Narrabri , 30.345°S, 150.014°E, 406m, 10.xi.2009, D. R. Britton, J. Recsei, Ooline, SEVT2009003 (gen/sweep), K295922 ; 1♂ Killarney Gap, Kaputar NP, 30.141°S 150.066°E, 660m, 14.xi.2009, D. R. Britton, J. Recsei, Callitris & sclerophyll scrub/ rocky ridge, SEVT2009036 (MV Lamp), K295923 ; 2♂ Moema NP, 36.5km NE of Narrabri , 30.064°S, 149.965°E, 355m, 13.xi.2009, D.R. Britton, J. Recsei, Semi-evergreen vine thicket, SEVT2009029 (black light bucket), K295924, K295925 ; 1♂ Homebush , 1.ii.62 ; 1♂ Ryde , 27.xii.1973, J.V. Peters (AM) ; 1♂ Hartley Vale NSW, 9.i.1972, S. G. Watson Collection, Donated 2001 , ANIC database number 0 0 506, BOLD Proc. ID ANICY581-11; 1♂ 1♀, 4 mls SSW. of Portland, N.S.W., 3.xii.1948, K.H.L. & B. Key , [♂] ANIC Database No. 0 0 5610 , ANICY581-11 ; 1♂ Chester Hill , xi.1927, M. Fuller , ANIC Database No. 005605; 1♂ same data as previous, x.1927 ; 8♂ Emu Plains NSW, 31.x.71, S. G. Watkins Collector, S. G. Watkins Collection Donated 2001 ; 2♂ same data as previous, 14.xi.1971 ; 1♂ same data as previous, 30.i.1972 ; 3♂ same data as previous, 31.xii.1971, [1♂] ANIC Database No. 0 0 5607 , ANICY582-11 ; 2♂ same data as previous, 5.xii.1971 ; 3♂ same data as previous, 25.xii.1971 ; 1♂ Gundamain , x.1927, M. Fuller ; 1♀ 32°15'S 149°46'E, 4 km NE. by N. of Ulan, N.S.W., 23.i.1986, K.H.L. Key ( ANIC) ; 1♂ Castlereagh Nat. Res., Llandilo, 3.xi.2002, S. & D. Emery ; 1♂ same locality as previous, 11.xi.2001, N., S. & D. Emery ; 3♂ same data as previous, 2.ii.2002 ; 2♂ Luddenham Rd, St Marys, 5.xi.2000, S. Emery; 1♂ Mary Farm Rd, Camden, 6.xi.2004, D. Emery; 14♂ Carysfield Park, Bass Hill, 8.xi.2003, S., N. & D. Emery; 2♂ Menangie Rd, Menangie, 2.xii.2003, D. Emery & L. Popple; 1♂ St Ives Showground , 33°42.21'S 115°11.20'E, 23.xii.2012, N. & D. Emery (DE) ; 2♂ Bass Hill , 24.xi.2002, L. Popple, D. Emery. 281- 0 0 0 1 & 281-0002 ; 1♂ Carysfield Park, Bass Hill, 9.i.2000, S. N. & D. Emery, 281-0055; 1♂ 5 km S. of Camden , 30.xi–1.xii.2003, L. Popple & D. Emery, 281-0057 ; 1♂ Clandulla district , 32°54'18''S 149°56'40''E, 8.i.2010, L. Popple & D. Emery, open woodland, recorded, 281-0067 (LWP) ; 1♂ Razorback, near Camden , 3.xii.1970, J.V. Peters ; 1♂ Carysfield Park, Bass Hill, 9.xii. 19999, N. Emery; 1♂ same data as previous, S. & D. Emery ; 1♂ same data as previous, D. Emery ; 1♂ same data as previous, 9.i.2000, S. N. & D. Emery ; 2♂ 1♀ Whalan, Sydney, 2.xi.1998, M.S. & B.J. Moulds; 1♂ Marden Park, Sydney, 10.x.1987, R. De Keyzer; 1♂ 1♀ Tamworth , 31°06'03''S 150°55'00''E, 15.i.1999, D.S. and Darien Horning, found dead on verandah, NSW-193 ; 2♂ Tamworth , 22.i.1972, M.S. Moulds ; 1♀ 1.8 km E. Loomberah , 31°13'48''S 151°02'14''E, 2.xii.1999, on dead trunk of Eucalyptus (Symphyomyrtus) melliodora , NSW-204 ; 1♂ same data as previous, 6.xii.1999, NSW-120 ; 1♀ same data as previous, 20.xii.1998, NSW-190 ; 1♂ same data as previous, 23.xii.1995, NSW-82, Notopsalta atrata det. M. Moulds ; 1♂ Rookwood Cemetery, near Sydney , 6.xi.1971, G. Daniels ; 1♂ Narrabri , 4.xii.1970, F.T. South ; 1♂ Tamworth , at light, 21.i.1972, M.S. Moulds, gen. prep. No. 1 ; 1♀ same data as previous, Notopsalta atrata det. M.S. Moulds, figured in A Guide to Aust. Cicadas, PLVIII, Fig. 7a ; 1♀ Douglas Park, nr Picton 16.xii.1969, G. Seymour ; 1♂ Dripping Rock, nr Boggabri , i.1993, G. Theischinger ; 1♂ Capertee Valley , 26.x.1998, V. Powys ; 1♂ same data as previous, 31.x.1998 ; 1♂ same data as previous, 15.xii.1998 ; 2♂ same data as previous, 17.xii.1998 ; 1♂ Sandy Hollow , 4.xii.1984, K.L. Dunn ; 1♂ Mudgee , 16.xii.1975, G. Daniels ; 1♂ Scone , 22.i.1972, M.S. Moulds ; 1♂ Horton’s Falls, approx. 25 km WNW. of Barraba , 11.xii.1988, G. Williams, at mv light in woodland ; 1♂ 6 km S. Mendooran , 31°53'S 149°03'E, 12.ii.1992, mv lamp, G. Daniels, C.J. Burwell, genitalia preparation PAU291 ( MSM).

Description. Male. ( Figs 1H , 2H , 3O, 3P ; Plates 8A–C ).

Head: Postclypeus predominantly brown to pale brown, dark brown to black anterio-laterally and ventromedially, with a pale brown spot anterio-medially; supra-antennal plates pale brown; genae black; mandibular plates dark brown, brown along lateral margins, with silver pubescence; vertex and frons dark brown to black, tending pale brown anterio-laterally and surrounding epicranial suture; ocelli pink; compound eyes brown; anteclypeus pale brown to orange-brown; rostrum brown, dark brown apically, extending beyond anterior margins of hind coxae; antennae brown to dark brown.

Thorax: Pronotum brown to olive-brown with mottled dark brown to black colouration surrounding paramedian and lateral fissures and in a narrow band anterior to pronotal collar; central fascia brown to pale brown, surrounded with black colouration, which broadens along anterior and posterior pronotal margins; pronotal collar mostly brown to pale brown, tending dark brown anteriorly and on lateral angles; metanotum dark brown to black; mesonotum including submedian and lateral sigilla, black, with brown areas between the submedian and lateral sigilla extending on to arms and lateral sides of cruciform elevation and posterior half of wing grooves; posterior third of mesonotum with dense fine and mid-dense long silver pubescence.

Wings: Fore wings hyaline; basal membranes orange to pale orange-brown; pterostigmata orange to reddish brown; veins, including costal vein, brown to dark brown, darker distally. Hind wing plagas white at base, grading to pale grey along basal two thirds; jugal folds grey to cream, hyaline apically; veins pale brown basally, brown medially, dark brown on distal third.

Legs: Fore coxae pale brown, with broad longitudinal brown areas on medial anterior and posterior sides; mid and hind coxae dark brown, pale brown on inner sides and apices; meracantha spikes dark brown, becoming pale brown apically, overlapping opercula; fore femora pale brown with brown to dark brown longitudinal areas on outer anterior and posterior sides; mid femora brown, darker on dorsal side, with pale brown apices; hind femora variably dark brown to brown with pale brown bases and apices; fore tibiae brown to dark brown; mid tibiae brown to dark brown, each with a pale brown band above base; hind tibiae pale brown, with mottled dark brown areas medially; fore and mid tarsi brown; hind tarsi brown to pale brown; pretarsi brown to orange-brown with darker apical areas; claws brown to pale brown.

Opercula ( Fig. 1H ): Broadly rounded; pale brown to dark brown basally, extensively pale brown over remainder; plates undulating with medial areas depressed.

Timbals ( Fig. 2H ): Anterior rib 5 abbreviated; rib 4 also abbreviated, with a prominent isolated remnant extension ventrally; ribs 1 and 2 joined ventrally and fused dorsally to basal spur; anterior termination of basal spur fused with ribs 3–4, with rib unattached; prominent intercalary short ribs in medial areas between ribs 1 and 2, 2 and 3, and 3 and 4 (three in total).

Abdomen: Tergite 1 dark brown; tergite 2 wider along dorsal midline than tergites 3 to 7; tergites 2 to 7 dark brown to black, often with brown to yellow-brown areas on dorso-lateral posterior margins, becoming less conspicuous on posterior tergites; tergite 8 dark brown to black; tergites 2 to 8 with dense short silver pubescence on dorso-lateral sides and with extensive long and short silver pubescence on lateral sides; intersegmental membranes pale yellow-brown; epipleurites brown to dark brown anteriorly grading to pale brown posteriorly, with sparse silver pubescence; sternite II black laterally, pale brown ventro-laterally, with a dark brown area medially and a pale brown posterior margin; sternites III to VI pale brown laterally, with brown to dark brown areas medially, which broaden posteriorly, gradually increasing in size distally in each successive sternite; sternite VII dark brown to black with diffuse pale brown areas at extreme anterio-lateral margins; sternite VIII dark brown to black; anterior sternites visible in lateral view.

Genitalia ( Figs 3O, P ): Pygofer brown to dark brown; upper lobes in ventral view with terminals directed dorsally and inwards, apically acute; basal lobes in ventral view relatively linear and apically rounded, in lateral view curved; median lobe of uncus rounded, protruding noticeably; claspers in ventral view conspicuous, diverging markedly, with sharply developed apices; pseudoparameres projecting further (ventrally) than endotheca and ventral support; ventral support acute, projecting slightly beyond endotheca; endotheca fleshy.

Female ( Plate 8D ): Head, thorax, wings and legs match description of male.

Abdomen: Tergite 1 black; tergites 2 to 8 dark brown to black, with broad brown areas on posterior dorsolateral to submedial sides, often most extensive on tergite 2; auditory capsules black; abdominal segment 9 black on dorsal and lateral sides, pale olive-brown ventrally; dorsal beak brown, sharply defined; sternite II dark brown to black laterally and medially, otherwise pale to medium brown; epipleurites pale brown, dark brown to black anterio-laterally; sternites III to VI pale brown with black areas medially, broadening posteriorly, typically similar in width, though often narrow on sternite II and widest on sternite IV; sternite VII pale brown; ovipositor sheath extends approximately 1.0 mm beyond termination of abdominal segment 9.

Measurements. N= 22♂ 12♀. Ranges and means (in parentheses), mm; BL: ♂ 11.2–14.5 (13.32); ♀ 11.3–15.1 (13.47). FWL: ♂ 14.0–18.2 (15.95); ♀ 13.7–17.1 (15.47). HW: ♂ 3.4–4.5 (4.12); ♀ 3.5–4.3 (3.89). PW: ♂ 3.3–4.6 (4.00); ♀ 3.3–4.4 (3.88). AW: ♂ 3.5–5.1 (4.28); ♀ 3.4–4.5 (3.86). FWL/W: ♂ 2.50–2.91 (2.72); ♀ 2.62–3.25 (2.87). OL: ♀ 4.0–5.7 (4.79).

Morphological distinguishing features. Myopsalta mackinlayi can be distinguished from M. atrata , M. binotata , M. coolahensis , M. gordoni n. sp., M. lactea , M. libritor , M. waterhousei and M. xerograsidia n. sp. by the colour of the basal membranes of the fore wings, which is pale brown or pale orange rather than white to pale grey. It can be distinguished from M. melanobasis n. sp. and M. platyptera n. sp. by the appearance of the fore wing clavus, which is entirely hyaline and not opaque at the base. Males and females can be separated from M.

albiventris n. sp. and M. wollomombii by the colouration of the sternites, which is predominantly dark brown (cf. almost entirely pale brown). They can be differentiated from M. umbra n. sp. by the colour of the costal veins, which is brown rather than reddish-brown. Males can be distinguished from M. septa n. sp. by the colouration on the dorso-lateral sides of the tergites, which is brown rather than black. They can be separated from M. crucifera by the colour of their fore wing costal veins, which is brown rather than pale brown or pale reddish brown. They can be distinguished from M. chrysopedia n. sp., M. longicauda n. sp., M. majurae n. sp. and M. riverina n. sp. by having a head width of <4.7 mm, and from M. parvula n. sp. by having contrasting pale brown lateral edges on sternite III (cf. almost entirely dark brown to black). In addition, they can be separated from M. bassiana n. sp. and M. leona n. sp. by the colour of the opercula being predominately pale brown (cf. dark brown, black or dull, fleshy brown). Females can be distinguished from M. leona n. sp., M. chrysopedia n. sp., M. crucifera , M. longicauda n. sp., M. parvula n. sp. and M. septa n. sp. by the length of the ovipositor sheath, which extends approximately 1.0 mm beyond the apex of abdominal segment 9 (cf. 0.5 mm in M. parvula and ≥ 2 mm in the other species). They can not be differentiated consistently from the closely similar M. bassiana (male specimens are required).

Distribution, habitat and behaviour ( Fig. 17 ). Myopsalta mackinlayi is found from Peak Downs (type locality) in central Queensland through much of the drier eastern third of southern Queensland south to the Capertee Valley and Camden in central eastern New South Wales. Populations occur in grassy woodland, open forest and in the margins of brigalow woodland and semi-evergreen vine thicket where the adults are typically found on tree trunks, posts, grasses and on shrubs. Adults have been found from September to April. Within their geographical distribution, males can often be heard calling even during drought conditions when few (or no) other cicadas are calling. It is an especially common and widespread cicada.

Calling song ( Figs 18–20 ). This species is atypical in the genus Myopsalta because it produces slightly different song structures in the day and at dusk. The day calling song contains a set of monotonously repeated phrases. Each phrase begins with a single syllable or doublet (0.006– 0.025 s) followed by 1–2 additional syllables or doublets and typically 1–2 macrosyllables (0.035– 0.081 s) and then a series of 3–13 (usually 5–10) echemes of 0.056– 0.308 s duration separated by short gaps of 0.009– 0.040 s (all statistics, n =50 recordings; Figs 18 , 19 ). With the exception of the first few (introductory) phrases, each phrase ends with two shorter echemes 0.036– 0.105 s duration, separated by a gap of 0.044– 0.091 s. The phrase ends with a final long gap of 0.277 s to 1.071 s. It is expected that the female would respond during the long gap at the end of each phrase, following the second shorter echeme; however this interactions has never been recorded in this species. A characteristic of the song is that the first introductory (macro)syllable(s) are 2–3 times quieter than the series of echemes that follow.

Some variation is evident in the number and duration of macrosyllables within each phrase of the day calling song across the geographical distribution of this species ( Fig. 19 ). In central Queensland, the number of echemes in each phrase is typically fewer (3–5) and their duration is longer (0.250–0.308 s). In southern Queensland and New South Wales, the number of echemes is greater (6–13), with number increasing broadly with latitude, and their duration is also shorter (0.056–0.193 s). Further recordings from areas of southern Queensland closer to the Tropic of Capricorn would be required to determine whether the southern and northern song types overlap or coalesce in structure. Based on current data, M. mackinlayi has the potential to be a cryptic species complex.

Despite the apparent variation in the temporal structure of the day calling song, the calls maintain a relatively even frequency distribution throughout, exhibiting a high amplitude plateau of 9.7–14.1 kHz, occasionally reaching 17.7 kHz.

The dusk calling song is effectively a monotonously repeated varation of the day calling song. It commences with a series of soft syllables or macrosyllables, then builds into a monotonous series of echemes (0.105–0.270 s duration), separated by gaps of 0.021–0.037 s duration (all statistics, n =2 recordings; Fig. 20 ). The dusk song has been observed in populations from south-east Queensland and New South Wales. Whether populations in central Queensland produce the dusk song remains unknown.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Photographs of male right opercula. (A) Myopsalta albiventris n. sp., Mt Moffatt (25 ° 12 ' S 148 ° 59 ' E); (B) M. bassiana n. sp., Acton (35 ° 16 ' S 149 ° 07 ' E); (C) M. chrysopedia n. sp., Lake Douglas (30 ° 52 ' S 121 ° 24 ' E); (D) M. crucifera (Ashton), Plantation Creek, Ayr (19 ° 32 ' S 147 ° 30 ' E); (E) M. gordoni n. sp., 82 km N. of St George (27 ° 23 ' S 148 ° 52 ' E); (F) M. leona n. sp., Expedition Range NP (25 ° 12 ' S 148 ° 59 ' E); (G) M. longicauda n. sp., Mt Moffatt (24 ° 58 ' Sx 148 ° 00 ' E); (H) M. mackinlayi (Distant), Boonah Road turnoff west of Ipswich (27 ° 40 ' S 152 ° 44 ' E); (I) Myopsalta majurae n. sp., Mt Majura – Mt Ainslie (34 ° 15 ' S 149 ° 11 ' E); (J) M. melanobasis n. sp., 14.6 km W. of Drillham Creek (26 ° 39 ' S 149 ° 50 ' E); (K) M. parvula n. sp., Acton (35 ° 16 ' S 149 ° 07 ' E); (L) M. platyptera n. sp., Brigalow Research Station (24 ° 49 ' S 149 ° 45 ' E); (M) M. riverina n. sp., 33 km SSW. of Rankins Springs (33 ° 55 ' S 145 ° 56 ' E); (N) M. septa n. sp., Tannymorel (28 ° 19 ' S 152 ° 08 ' E); (O) M. umbra n. sp., Hurdle Gully (24 ° 55 ' Sx 151 ° 00 ' E); (P) M. xerograsidia n. sp., Plantation Creek, Ayr (19 ° 32 ' S 147 ° 30 ' E). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Photographs of male left timbals, with dorsal edge at right and posterior margin at bottom. (A) Myopsalta albiventris n. sp., Mt Moffatt (25 ° 12 ' S 148 ° 59 ' E); (B) M. bassiana n. sp., Acton (35 ° 16 ' S 149 ° 07 ' E); (C) M. chrysopedia n. sp., Lake Douglas (30 ° 52 ' S 121 ° 24 ' E); (D) M. crucifera (Ashton), Woodgate (25 ° 06 ' S 152 ° 33 ' E); (E) M. gordoni n. sp., 82 km N. of St George (27 ° 23 ' S 148 ° 52 ' E); (F) M. leona n. sp., 4 km W. of Binjour (25 ° 32 ' S 151 ° 26 ' E); (G) M. longicauda n. sp., Expedition Range (24 ° 38 ' Sx 149 ° 00 ' E); (H) M. mackinlayi (Distant), Boomer Range (23 ° 12 ' S 149 ° 45 ' E).

FIGURE 3. Photographs of male pygofer, viewed laterally from left and ventrally. Myopsalta albiventris n. sp., Mt Moffatt (25 ° 12 ' S 148 ° 59 ' E), (A) lateral, (B) ventral; M. bassiana n. sp., Acton (35 ° 16 ' S 149 ° 07 ' E), (C) lateral, (D) ventral; M. chrysopedia n. sp., Kalgoorlie (30 ° 45 ' S 121 ° 28 ' E), (E) lateral, (F) ventral; M. crucifera (Ashton), Woodgate (25 ° 06 ' S 152 ° 33 ' E), (G) lateral, (H) ventral; M. gordoni n. sp., 82 km N. of St George (27 ° 23 ' S 148 ° 52 ' E), (I) lateral, (J) ventral; M. leona n. sp., 4 km W. of Binjour (25 ° 32 ' S 151 ° 26 ' E), (K) lateral, (L) ventral; M. longicauda n. sp., Expedition Range (24 ° 38 ' Sx 149 ° 00 ' E), (M) lateral, (N) ventral; M. mackinlayi (Distant), Boomer Range (23 ° 12 ' S 149 ° 45 ' E), (O) lateral, (P) ventral.

FIGURE 7. Male calling song structure of Myopsalta bassiana n. sp. from a recording obtained at Acton (35 ° 16 ' S 149 ° 07 ' E) by the author using RS 5 (see Methods). (A) Wave plot of two complete phrases, each containing a sequence of discrete syllables that condenses into a long echeme, which builds in amplitude before ending abruptly and being followed by a short echeme or macrosyllable. (B) Expanded wave plot showing the structure of the latter half of a phrase, including the conspicuous amplitude modulation of the long echeme and the short echeme that follows. (C) Spectrogram showing the highest amplitude frequency plateau and dominant frequency.

PLATE 8. Myopsalta mackinlayi (Distant): (A) male, 16 km N. of Boonah (27 ° 54 ' S 152 ° 41 ' E), dorsal view; (B) male, Boomer Range (23 ° 12 ' S 149 ° 45 ' E), dorsal view; (C) male, same as previous, ventral view; (D) female, same locality as previous, dorsal view.

FIGURE 10. Wave plots illustrating the calling song of Myopsalta crucifera (Ashton) from six different locations, including (A) Kings Plains (15 ° 30 ' S 144 ° 50 ' E), (B) Herberton (17 ° 23 ' S 145 ° 21 ' E), (C) Emerald (23 ° 37 ' S 148 ° 13 ' E), (D) Woodgate (25 ° 06 ' S 152 ° 33 ' E), (E) base of Blackbutt Range (26 ° 53 ' S 152 ° 13 ' E), and (F) 3 km S. of Peak Crossing (27 ° 49 ' S 152 ° 44 ' E). Recordings were obtained by the author using RS 6 (A), RS 1 (B, C, D) and RS 2 (E, F) (see Methods).

FIGURE 17. Map of mainland south-eastern Australia showing the geographical distributions of Myopsalta mackinlayi (Distant) in Queensland and New South Wales, M majurae n. sp. in the Australian Capital Territory, M. melanobasis n. sp. in Queensland, M. parvula n. sp. in the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria, and M. platyptera n. sp. in Queensland. Large symbols represent specimen records and smaller symbols denote audio recordings or aural observations.

FIGURE 18. Male day calling song structure of Myopsalta mackinlayi (Distant) from a recording obtained at Boomer Range (23 ° 12 ' S 149 ° 45 ' E) by A. Ewart using RS 3 (see Methods). (A) Wave plot illustrating three phrases, each commencing with two single syllables and one or two macrosyllables, followed by a series of five echemes and concluding with a final macrosyllable. (B) Expanded wave plot showing the detailed structure of one phrase. (C) Spectrogram showing the highest amplitude frequency plateau and dominant frequency.

FIGURE 19. Wave plots illustrating the calling song of Myopsalta mackinlayi (Distant) from six different locations, including (A) Boomer Range (23 ° 12 ' S 149 ° 45 ' E), (B) Brigalow Research Station (24 ° 48 ' S 149 ° 45 ' E), (C) Ceratodus (25 ° 17 ' S 151 ° 08 ' E), (D) 6.1 km E. of Kaimkillenbun (27 ° 04 ' S 151 ° 30 ' E), (E) Girraween (28 ° 50 ' S 151 ° 57 ' E), and (F) Clandulla (32 ° 54 ' S 149 ° 57 ' E). Recordings were obtained by A. Ewart using RS 3 (A, B, D), and the author using RS 2 (C) and RS 5 (E, F) (see Methods).

FIGURE 20. Male dusk calling song structure of Myopsalta mackinlayi (Distant) from a recording obtained at Coolbaggie (31 ° 59 ' S 148 ° 32 ' E) by the author using RS 2 (see Methods). (A) Wave plot illustrating a repetitive series of echemes followed by a long macrosyllable. (B) Expanded wave plot showing the detailed structure of seven echmes.