Moutabea guianensis Aubl., Hist. Plant. de la Guiane Fr.

Silveira, João Barros Da & Secco, Ricardo De S., 2018, Taxonomic studiesin Moutabea (Polygalaceae) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 365 (3), pp. 225-244 : 240

8. Moutabea guianensis Aubl., Hist. Plant. de la Guiane Fr. 2: 679–680. 1775. ( Fig. 5 g –m )

Type:— FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne: July 1775 (fl.), F. Aublet s.n. (holotype: BM! [BM000027096]).

Liana, shrub or small tree, 3 ‒ 30 m tall. Bark rough, epidermis glabrous, dark brown to reddish. Leaf blades 7.5 ‒ 16.5 × 2.7 ‒ 6 cm, brown, coriaceous, oblong to oblanceolate, rarely narrow-elliptic, glabrous, apex acuminate to acute, base usually rounded to slightly cordate, margin thin, surface papillate, midrib pressed to plain, secondary veins sulcate on both surfaces, rarely discreetly prominent abaxially; petioles 4 ‒ 7 mm long, glabrous. Racemes with rachis generally a monad, glabrous, 3.3 ‒ 6.5 cm long; flowers 1.3 ‒ 2 cm long, pedicels 1 ‒ 2.5 mm long, sepal lobes 4 ‒ 7 mm long, 2.2 ‒ 5 mm wide, with surfaces glabrous, rarely glabrescent, tips 4 ‒ 7 mm long, 1.9 ‒ 3 mm wide, staminal sheath with hood glabrescent on dorsum, group of 4 anthers 1.2 ‒ 1.5 mm, ovary 1 ‒ 1.2 mm long, 1.5 ‒ 2 mm diam., 4 ‒ 5-lobed, style 10 ‒ 11 mm long, stigma capitate. Fruit surface reticulate, blackened when immature and mature, pericarp ca. 2.6 mm thick, appearing farinaceous in cross-section, seeds 1.4 ‒ 1.6 cm long, velutinous, raphe prominent.

Notes:—This species resembles M. gentryi by its coriaceous, brown leaves, fruits with reticulate and blackened surface, and velutinous seeds with a prominent raphe. However, it is easily distinguished by the leaves with rounded to slightly cordate base, discreetly papillate surface, and sulcate secondary veins (vs. leaves with cuneate base, prominent punctuations on both surfaces, and adaxially prominulous secondary veins), in addition to a staminal sheath with a short hood and fruit with a thick pericarp (ca. 2.6 mm).

A collection of M. guianensis found in field ( Silveira , J.B. 07) had the following characteristics: liana, scandent, ca. 12 m tall, 10 cm DBH, stem cylindrical, not fissured, greyish, branches tortuous, pendent, flowers with thick perianth, calyx beige, and corolla white.

Distribution and habitat: —Occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana ( Aublet 1775), Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, and Brazil. In Brazil it occurs in the states of Amapá, Pará and Roraima ( Fig. 6 ). Collected in beach forest, capoeira vegetation and forest edges.

Conservation status:— Moutabea guianensis is not endemic to Brazil and is well-collected in Amazonia. Its extent of occurrence (EOO= 1,218,134 Km 2) is large and includes the states of Amapá, Pará, and Roraima. It has an area of occupancy (AOO= 68 Km 2) that contains various well-preserved forests, including protected areas, which probably contribute to maintaining this species in nature. Due to its wide distribution and abundance, this species falls within the Least Concern (LC) category according to IUCN (2017) criteria.

Vernacular name:— “Cipó gogó-de guariba” in Pará state.

Specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Amapá: Macapá, Parque Florestal, 13 January 1981, B. Rabelo & Jonas 1446 (HAMAB, MG); Macapá, Highway Perimetral Norte, 29 December 1984, S. Mori et al. 17537 (INPA, MG, NY); Estrada do Mazagão Novo, 11 December 1980 (fr.), B. Rabelo & R. Nonato 1082 (HAMAB, MG); Calçoene, Estrada do Lourenço, 14 March 2001 (fr.), L. A. Pereira & M. A. C. Santos 193 (IAN); Oiapoque, BR 156, 9 December 1984, S. Mori & Souza 17310 (HAMAB, MG, NY). Pará: Parque Nacional do Tapajós, 27 November 1978, M.G. Silva & C. Rosário 3980 (INPA, MG, NY); Itaituba, Parque Nacional do Tapajós, 12 November 1978, M.G. Silva & C. Rosário 3694 (INPA, MG, NY); Almeirim, Monte Dourado, 02 December 1978 (fl.), M. R. Santos 456 (IAN, INPA, MG, NY); Belém, Capoeira do Black, 21 November 2011 (fr.), S. R. Xavier-Júnior 99 (IAN); Paragominas, Itinga do Pará, Fazenda Caboré, 07 December 1979, U.N. Maciel et al. 457 (INPA, MG, NY); approx. 25 Km of Tucuruí, 30 October, D.C. Daly et al. 1095 (INPA, MG, NY); Belém, IPEAN, 6 September 1967 (fl./fr.), J. M. Pires & N. T. Silva 10854 (IAN); Belém, IAN, 15 December 1942 (fr.), W. A. Archer 7978 (IAN); Colônia Benjamin Constant, 14 November 1908, Pessoal do Museu s. n. (MG); Bragança, Comunidade Benjamin Constant, 15 May 2000 (fr.), M. Rios et al. 807 (IAN); Mosqueiro, 17 October 1940 (fl.), A. Ducke 59 (IAN); Colares, estrada do Itajurá, 10 March 1971 (fr.), B. G. S. Ribeiro & O. C. Nascimento s. n. (IAN); Belém, IAN, 10 December 1950 (fl.), J. M. Pires 2662 (IAN); Belém, IAN, 15 November 1956 (fl.), C. A. Black 56 (IAN); Rio Jarí, Estrada do Caracurú, 8 January 1969 (fr.), N. T. Silva s. n. (IAN); Soure, 16 November 1948 (fr.), G. A. Black 48 (IAN); Belém, Reserva do Mocambo, 14 November 1984 (str.), A. Gentry 49005 (IAN); Belém, Instituto Agronônomico do Norte, 12 January 1944 (fr.), A. Silva 9 (IAN); Salinas, 16 December 1944 (fl.), Ducke 1667 (IAN); Porto Trombetas, estrada do Igarapé dos Inocentes, 8 January 1988 (fr.), S. Evandro 375 (INPA); Marabá, Serra dos Carajás, 28 January 1985 (fr.), O. C. Nascimento & R. P. Bahia 1031 (MG); Santarém, Cachoeira do Palhão, 5 December 1966 (fr.), P. Cavalcante & M. Silva 1591 (MG); Tailândia, Fazenda Arizona, 20 January 2011 (fl.), S. V. Costa Neto 2954 (MG); Igarapé-Açu, Fazenda da FCAP, Capoeira do Urucu, 16 January 1996 (fr.), F. P. M. Oliveira et al. 37 (MG); Belém, capoeira, campus do Museu Goeldi, 21 June 2012, Silveira , J.B. 07 (MG); Bragança, 22 June 1977 (fr.), E. Oliveira 6624 (MG). Roraima: Serra dos Surucucus, NW of Mission Station, 21 February 1969, G.T. Prance et al. 10135 (INPA, K, MG, MO, NY, P).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Moutabea gentryi T. Wendt. a. Branch. b. Adaxial face of the leaf with punctations prominent and veins prominent. c. Flower. d. Adnation between staminal sheath and external petal (hood medium). e. Dehydrated, blackened and broken fruit showing the thick pericarp. f.Pubescent seed with prominent and rigid raphe. (a–b, e–f from O.P. Monteiro & J. Ramos 884; c–d from N. T. Silva 362). Moutabea guianensis Aubl. g. Branch with inflorescences. h. Flower. i. Adnation between staminal sheath and external petal (hood short). j. Dehydrated and blackened fruit (surface reticulate). k. Dehydrated fruit in cross-section showing 5 locules with one seed per locule. l. Pericarp in cross-section showing the farinaceous appearance. m. Seed velutinous with raphe prominent. (g–m from Silveira s.n.). Moutabea victoriana Silveira & Secco. n. Branch. o. Flower. p. Adnation between staminal sheath and external petal (hood medium). q. Fruit. r. Dehydrated fruit in cross-section showing the thick pericarp. s.Velutinous seed with imperceptible raphe. (a from M. A. Freitas et al. 428; o–p from A. Vicentini 1007; q–s from L. H. P. Martins et al.89).

FIGURE 6. Geographical distribution of three species of Moutabea in Brazil: M. gentry, M. guianensis, and M. victoriana.