Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides (BOURGUIGNAT 1855)

Irikov, A., 2008, Genus Monacha FITZINGER 1833 in Bulgaria (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Hygromiidae), Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1), pp. 785-811 : 787-789

Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides (BOURGUIGNAT 1855)

1855 Helix carascaloides BOURGUIGNAT : 561. Locus typicus: "Gallipoli", Turkey.

1957 Monacha carascaloides JAECKEL, KLEMM & MEISE : 164.

1973 Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides HUDEC & VASATKO : 22, fig. 18-19.

2000b Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides HAUSDORF : 79, fig. 16-17, pl. 4, fig 16-17, table 8, map 3.

2005 Monacha carascaloides IRIKOV & DEDOV : 788.

2005b Monacha carascaloides HUBENOV : 241.

Literature survey data for M. carascaloides in Bulgaria ( Map 1 ): JAECKEL, KLEMM & MEISE (1957): M. carascaloides : Bulgaria; URBANSKI (1960b): M. (M.) carascaloides: Tsarevo (= former name Michurin) (NG66-67); URBANSKI (1960c): M. (M.) carascaloides: Provadija (NH37-38), Kaspichan (NH19), between Asenovgrad and Narechenski Bani (LG14-24-25), Ropotamo River (? NG58-68); URBANSKI (1964): M. (M.) carascaloides: Asenova Krepost Fortress (LG25); HUDEC (1965): M. carascaloides: Drujba , north of Varna (NH78); URBANSKI & WIKTOR (1967): M. carascaloides: Ropotamo River (? NG58-68); HUDEC (1967): M. carascaloides: Black Sea Coast by Varna (NH78-88), Zlatni Pyasatsi (NH89); PINTER L. (1968): M. (M.) carascaloides : Varna (NH78), Karlovo (LH12-22), between Asenovgrad and Narechenski Bani (LG14-24-25), Bachkovski Monastery (LG24); DAMJANOV & PINTER L. (1969): the outfall of Ropotamo River, right riverside (NG58-68), from Asenobgrad to Bachkovo (LG24-25); PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970): M. (M.) carascaloides: Aladzha Monastery (NH89), Arkutino (NG58), Balchik (NJ90), Beloslav (NH58), Kamchiya River (? NH66-76), Tsarevo (= former name Michurin) (NG66-67), Ropotamo River (? NG58-68), Sliven (MH42), Zlatni Pyasatsi (NH89); HUDEC & VASATKO (1971): M. (M.) carascaloides: Sozopol (NG59), Arkutino (NG58), Ropotamo River (? NG58-68), Emine Foreland (? NH62-63-72-73), Vratnik Pass in Eastern Stara Planina Mountains (MH34), Trite Bratya in Aitoska Planina Mountain (NH22), Aitoska Planina north of Aitos NH13-23), Sinite Kamani north of Sliven (MH42); HUDEC & VASATKO (1973): M. (M.) carascaloides: Prolaz by Targovishte (NH58), Sliven (MH42), Balchik (NJ90), Aladzha Monastery and Zlatni Pyasatsi (NH89), Kamchiya River (? NH66-76), Beloslav (NH58), Sozopol (NG59), Ropotamo River (? NG58-68), Arcutino (NG58), Primorsko and Kiten (NG67), Tsarevo (= former name Michurin) (NG 66-67); DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975): M. carascaloides: Black Sea Coast, Trakiya Lowland and north by Stara Planina Mountain; KÖRNIG (1983): M. carascaloides: Kranevo (NH89-NJ80), Sozopol (NG59), Arkutino (NG58), meadow by Ropotamo River (NG68), Kiten (NG67), Bosna Upland in Strandza Planina Mountain (NG37), Bachkovo (LG24), Yugovo (LG13), Mostovo (LG23); HAUSDORF (2000b): M. (M.) carascaloides: Black Sea Coast; IRIKOV & GEORGIEV (2002): M. carascaloides : Stara Zagora (LG89), Sredna Gora Mountains, north of Stara Zagora (LH80); IRIKOV & DEDOV (2005): M. carascaloides: Plevun (MF19); HUBENOV (2005b), M. carascaloides: Transition area, Trakiiska Nizina Lowland, Black Sea Coast; GEORGIEV (2005): M. cartusiana: Surnena Sredna Gora Mountain, Oriahovitsa (MH00), Edrevo (MH01), Kolena and Dalboki (LH90), north from Stara Zagora town (LH80), Ostra Mogila (LH70), Starozagorski Bani resort complex (LH70), wrongly reported with a code (LH79), Stojan Zaimovo (LG69), Rozovets (LH40).

Researched material (Map 2): Eastern Rhodopes Mountains: south and south-western of Ivaylovgrad, Plevun ( MF19 ), Kostilkovo ( MF28 ), Dolno Lukovo ( MF28 ), 200-300 m alt., 25 specimens, 11.11.2001, leg. GEORGIEV ; about 30 кm north-east of Kardjali, between Silen and Dolno Botevo (LG91), 250-300 m alt., 1 specimen, 20.03.2004 leg. IRIKOV .

The really distribution of M. carascaloides in Bulgaria still remain indistinct. All investigated anatomically specimens from Black Sea Coast southerly of Bourgas are found to belong to M. solidior (see M. solidior researched material and Map 2). Also M. carascaloides don’t meet in the Chepelarska River Valley in Western Rhodopes Mountains and the all reports concern M. claustralis (see M. claustralis researched material and Map 2). There is needful anatomical examination of specimens from the all localities reported for north Black Sea Coast and for the central part of the country also. Probably lots of the data concern M. solidior , but not M. carascaloides . For the time being M. carascaloides certainly present in the region of Eastern Rhodopes Mountains in South Bulgaria.

Shell ( Fig. 7 ): Measurements (n = 25), D: 14.1-18.7 mm, x 16.68 mm; H: 9.2-13.0, x = 11.08 mm; D/H 1.4-1.7 mm, x = 1.5 mm.

Genitalia ( Fig. 1): The measurements of some sections of the genitalia are compiled in Table 2 and the variation of the proportions of some sections of the genitalia is represent in Table 3.

Vertical distribution: registered in Bulgaria from 0 m alt. to low areas in the Mountains. Probably only occasionally may be found at 600 m alt by reason of the thermophilic characterization.

Ecological data: The species distributed in Bulgaria near by the Black Sea region and in the internal areas of the country, with predominance of xerotermal conditions in the summer and soft brief winter.

Xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant species.

Zoogeography: Asia Minor subelement, Subiranian element, Soutwestern Asiatic complex.

Figures

Map 1. Distribution of Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides (BOURGUIGNAT 1855) in Bulgaria according to literature data (UTM-grid, 10 km-squares).

Fig. 7. Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides (BOURGUIGNAT 1855) (x 2). Eastern Rhodopes Mountains: about 30 кm north-east of Kardjali, between Silen and Dolno Botevo. Fig. 8. Monacha (Monacha) claustralis (MENKE 1828) (x 2). Western Rhodopes Mountains: Chernatitsa Ridge, 2 km north-east of Zabardo, Kamaka Rock Peak. Fig. 9. Monacha (Monacha) ocellata (ROTH 1839) (x 2). South Black Sea Coast: sand coast Arkutino, near by marsh-reserve Arkutino, between Sozopol and Primorsko.