Megachile (Matangapis), Baker & Engel, 2006

BAKER, DONALD B. & ENGEL, MICHAEL S., 2006, A New Subgenus of Megachile from Borneo with Arolia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), American Museum Novitates 3505 (1), pp. 1-12 : 2-8

Matangapis , new subgenus

TYPE SPECIES: Megachile alticola Cameron, 1902 .

DIAGNOSIS: Size small (ca. 8 mm); habitus compact (figs. 1–2); metasoma in both sexes short, in dried material globular, not or little longer than mesosoma; vertex and genae very coarsely, reticulately punctate, several times more coarsely than mesoscutum (as in Chelostomoda ); female mandible quadridentate, male mandible bidentate; all distitarsi aroliate; distitarsi coarsely setose, apex of each subangularly excised dorsally, accommodating base of pretarsus; pretarsus with orbicula well developed and bearing two strong setae, a distinct unguifer not observed, probably usually invaginated within distitarsus in dried material; arolium well developed (fig. 5) but weakly sclerotized, consequently usually seen crumpled in dried material; a camera distinct; pretarsal ungues (claws) bifid in male, simple in female.

DESCRIPTION: Male. Head in frontal aspect

TABLE 1 Current Hierarchical Classification of Tribe Megachilini (based on Michener, 2000, and synonymies proposed herein: vide appendix)

—Tribe MEGACHILINI Latreille —

Genus MEGACHILE Latreille subgenus Paracella Michener subgenus Acentron Mitchell subgenus Parachalicodoma Pasteels subgenus Amegachile Friese subgenus Platysta Pasteels subgenus Argyropile Mitchell subgenus Pseudocentron Mitchell subgenus Austrochile Michener subgenus Pseudomegachile Friese subgenus Austromegachile Mitchell subgenus Ptilosaroides Mitchell subgenus Callomegachile Michener subgenus Ptilosarus Mitchell subgenus Cestella Pasteels subgenus Rhodomegachile Michener subgenus Chalicodoma Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau subgenus Rhyssomegachile Mitchell subgenus Chalicodomoides Michener subgenus Sayapis Titus subgenus † Chalicodomopsis Engel subgenus Schizomegachile Michener subgenus Chelostomoda Michener subgenus Schrottkyapis Mitchell subgenus Chelostomoides Robertson subgenus Stellenigris Meunier subgenus Chrysosarus Mitchell subgenus Stelodides Moure subgenus Creightonella Cockerell subgenus Stenomegachile Pasteels subgenus Cressoniella Mitchell subgenus Thaumatosoma Smith subgenus Cuspidella Pasteels subgenus Trichurochile Mitchell subgenus Dasymegachile Mitchell subgenus Tylomegachile Moure subgenus Eumegachile Friese subgenus Xanthosarus Robertson subgenus Eutricharaea Thomson subgenus Zonomegachile Mitchell subgenus Gronoceras Cockerell Genus COELIOXYS Latreille subgenus Grosapis Mitchell subgenus Acrocoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Hackeriapis Cockerell subgenus Allocoelioxys Tkalců subgenus Heriadopsis Cockerell subgenus Argcoelioxys Warncke subgenus Largella Pasteels subgenus Boreocoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Leptorachis Mitchell subgenus Coelioxys Latreille subgenus Litomegachile Mitchell subgenus Cyrtocoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Matangapis Baker & Engel subgenus Glyptocoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Maximegachile Guiglia & Pasteels subgenus Haplocoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Megachile Latreille subgenus Liothyrapis Cockerell subgenus Megachiloides Mitchell subgenus Neocoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Megella Pasteels subgenus Platycoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Melanosarus Mitchell subgenus Rhinocoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Mitchellapis Michener subgenus Synocoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Moureapis Raw subgenus Torridapis Pasteels subgenus Neochalicodoma Pasteels subgenus Xerocoelioxys Mitchell subgenus Neochelynia Schrottky Genus RADOSZKOWSKIANA Popov transverse (fig. 4), width: length (to clypeal margin) ratio 1: 0.85. Vertex short, lateral ocelli separated from preoccipital ridge by less than twice their diameter; preoccipital ridge sharply angular dorsally, becoming carinate laterally. Clypeal margin unmodified, straight; surface of clypeus moderately convex, coarsely and densely punctate with long, erect, simple setae arising from punctures, integument glossy between punctures, apically (as adjacent parts of paraocular areas) with appressed plumose pubescence (i.e., the clypeus as in most Pseudomegachile ). Lower part of gena not structurally modified but with long, dense pubescence in hypostomal area. Mandible slender, apical margin oblique, bidentate (fig. 7); surface between the coarse, elongate punctures glossy; juxtagenal process absent. Antenna moderately elongate, reaching in repose to slightly beyond mesosoma; A13 compressed and slightly expanded.

Mesosoma short, length (from anterior margin of mesoscutum to posterior margin of scutellum): width (between tegulae) ratio 1: 0.96. Pretarsal ungues cleft and arolium present on all legs; procoxa unmodified, mutic, anterior surface without cluster of rufescent setae, simply, uniformly pubescent; profemur, protibia, and protarsus unmodified; protarsus slender, with short, even, anterior fringe and longer, irregular posterior fringe; probasitarsus parallel­sided, about three times as long as broad; speculi absent. Midlegs unmodified, mesotibial calcar present; mesotarsal fringes as described for forelegs. Metafemur and metatibia moderately thickened; metatibia slightly longer than metafemur, at its thickest, at about two­thirds of its length, not thicker than metafemur; two calcaria present; metafemur ventrally with thin fringe of long, simple setae; metatibia ventrally with thin fringe of long, coarsely plumose setae; metatarsus without conspicuous setal fringes.

Metasomal terga without distinct marginal areas, with marginal fasciae, these short and lateral on T1, meeting or nearly meeting on

4. Male, facial view.

T4; T1 short, its dorsal surface medially not greatly longer than ocellar diameter, thinly clothed with long, erect, pale setae; T2 and T3 weakly punctate; T4 and T5 with weak, postgradular sulci, sulci not fasciate; T 6 in median third with weak transverse ridge not forming a distinct carina, in profile tergum concave before ridge, weakly convex beyond it, margin without lateral teeth; T7 short, in profile its dorsal surface concave, ending in a distinct lip that in dorsal aspect occupies median third of its width, ventral surface narrow, apical margin simply arcuate, without teeth. Venter with three normally exposed sterna; S1 deeply, angularly emarginate, the two sides of the emargination forming an angle of about 1008, the base of the emargination enclosed by a V­shaped depression whose apex extends nearly to the base of the sternum, this depression clothed with fine, decumbent, golden pubescence, laterally sternum rather narrowly exposed, broadly overlapped by ventrolateral extension of T1, forming a nearly parallel­sided plate; apically angles of emargination rather broadly round­ ed; S2 without special structural characters, apically truncate, with dense, broad marginal fascia of white plumose setae; S3 with weak median longitudinal sulcus, apical margin broadly convex, disc thinly clothed with appressed, white, plumose setae, this clothing becoming denser apically on either side of median sulcus; S4 weakly sclerotized, short, rectangular (fig. 8), its apical margin weakly incised medially, the area raised laterally, enclosed by graduli, which are strongly convergent apically and approach apical margin at about one­third inward from its lateral angles, minutely setose; S5 much narrowed mesad, its apicolateral lobes with erect, pale setae arising from a dense, conspicuous cluster of black alveoli, inwardly of each apicolateral lobe with a broad marginal tract, decrescent mesally and not quite reaching midline, of stronger setae arising from pale, well­separated alveoli, these setae either inclined or, toward the margin, strongly bent, mesally (fig. 9); S6 lacking special structural or setal characters, its apical margin biemarginate, forming a convex median lobe and lateral lobes (fig. 10); S8 of simple outline, shaped as in M. (Hackeriapis) trichognatha Cockerell, 1910 (cf. Michener, 1965: 190, his fig. 654), apically, laterally, with a few very weak marginal setae. Genital capsule short and broad (figs. 12, 13); gonocoxa with short, subacute, lateral process; gonocoxae apically divergent, decurved, decurved portion in lateral aspect triangularly expanded (fig. 12); penis valves basally widely separated, convergent apically, their apices roundly expanded.

Female. Head in frontal aspect transverse (fig. 3), width: length (to clypeal margin) ratio 1:0.83. Vertex short, lateral ocelli separated from preoccipital ridge by little more than their own diameter; preoccipital ridge sharply angular dorsally, becoming subcarinate laterally. Clypeal margin weakly concave medially; general surface of clypeus nearly plane, coarsely, reticulately punctate, together with supraclypeal and interantennal areas clothed with stiff, pale, suberect, apically proclinate setae, the proclinate portions more or less spiriform. Mandible quadridentate (fig. 6), without intercalary cutting edges; third tooth weak (as counting from bottom to top), its sides forming an angle of about 1658.

Mesosoma short, length (from anterior margin of mesoscutum to posterior margin of scutellum): width (between tegulae) ratio 1: 0.94. Pretarsal ungues (claws) simple, not cleft; arolium present (fig. 5). Anterior and intermediate legs without special characters. Metafemur of normal proportions, more slen­ der than mesofemur; metatibia slightly longer than metafemur, expanded apically, apically slightly wider than greatest width of femur, its posterior surface entirely clothed with pale keirotrichia; metabasitarsus broad, subbasally as wide as greatest width of metatibia, posteriorly entirely and anteriorly in ventral half clothed with a dense brush of black setae.

Metasomal terga without postgradular sulci and without distinct marginal areas; T1–2 with weak, inconspicuous, lateral, marginal patches of pale stramineous pubescence, T3 with denser, conspicuous, lateral fasciae of white pubescence that do not, however, attain in length one sixth of tergal width; T6 entirely covered dorsally with appressed pale plumose setae. Sterna without marginal fasciae; scopa thin, of rather stiff, simple setae, pale except at extreme sides and distally on S6, where it is black; S6 without glabrous marginal areas.

ETYMOLOGY: The new genus­group name is based on the type locality, Gunong Matang , Sarawak combined with Apis (Latin, ‘‘bee’’). The name is feminine .

Megachile (Matangapis) alticola Cameron

Figures 1–13

Megachile alticola Cameron, 1902: 118 (/?).

DIAGNOSIS: As for the subgenus (vide supra).

DESCRIPTION: Cameron’s (1902) description is inaccurate, quite apart from an obvious error in his description of the female where ‘‘scape’’ on p. 119 should be ‘‘scopa’’, and may be corrected and amplified as follows:

As for the genus with the following additions: Female. Length ca. 8.1 mm; forewing length ca. 5.5 mm. Clypeus (except the weakly concave anterior margin narrowly) densely, strongly, subreticulately punctate; supraclypeal area equally strongly, reticulately punctate, especially medially and superiorly the punctures tending to coalesce longitudinally. Mesoscutum semimatt, regularly reticulately, rather shallowly, punctate, except its anterior declivity where the punctation becomes fine and dense; general surface of scutellum similarly punctate; mesepisterna, except anteriorly, strongly, reticulately to subreticulately punctate, glossy. Basal area of propodeum finely coriaceous basally, the sculpture becoming obsolete posteriorly; posterior face of propodeum, outside the basal area, glossy with well­separated punctures. T2–5 glossy, densely, regularly punctate, the punctures finer than those of mesoscutum; T1 dorsally more finely punctate, especially apicad.

Modified setae of clypeus and supraclypeal area yellowish; erect setae of paraocular areas anteriorly and gena white, a conspicuous but narrow tract of denser white pubescence adapted to lateral epistomal sulci; erect setae of vertex black. Pronotum dorsally thinly clothed with short, white setae, laterally pronotal lobes with dense white pubescence; mesoscutum with short, inconspicuous, black setae, scutellum with longer, black setae; mesoscuto­scutellar sulcus with inconspicuous, narrow, fasciae of white setae adjoining axillae; mesepisterna thinly clothed with white setae, more or less mixed with black dorsally; propodeum laterally with longer white setae. Setae of legs for greater part black, forming a dense brush on mesobasitarsus, but fine sericeous setae clothing entire posterior surface of metatibia white. Horizontal surface of T1 thinly clothed with long white setae, T1 and T2 laterally with white setae; marginal areas of T2 and T3 with conspicuous, sublateral patches of pure white setae, punctiform on T2, forming a short fascia on T3 (Cameron’s ‘‘the segments are probably edged with white pubescence’’ was ill founded); T6 only (not the apical two segments) dorsally with depressed gray pubescence; setae of dorsal surface of metasoma otherwise inconspicuous, black. Scopal setae long, simple, off­white; no underlying marginal fasciae present.

Male. Length ca. 7.6 mm; forewing length ca. 5.1 mm. Clypeus discally glossy, with well­separated punctures. Punctation otherwise generally similar to that of the female, but disparity between sizes of punctures more marked, very coarse on vertex, fine on metasomal terga.

Vestiture generally similar to that of female. Clypeus discally with erect simple setae, laterally and apically, as also paraocular areas anteriorly, with subdecumbent plumose pubescence; supraclypeal and frontal areas also with subdecumbent pubescence but here directed vertically; black setae of vertex and of mesonotum longer and more conspicuous. Setae of all tarsi pale fulvous; protarsus with short (not exceeding probasitarsal width), regular, moderately developed posterior fringe, exceeded by some longer setae of out­ er surfaces of tarsal segments. Marginal fasciae of terga more strongly developed, short, lateral, on T1, progressively longer, attenuate mesally, T2 and T3, not or only narrowly separated medially on T4; T5 and T6 without special setal characters, weakly pale­pubescent, T5 with scattered, long erect setae. S2 with broad marginal fascia, nearly divided medially, of decumbent white plumose setae; S3 except laterally and narrowly in median line, clothed with fine, decumbent, plumose pubescence that becomes denser, and direct­ ed laterally, toward its apex, leaving, however, a small, glabrous median lip (S4 normally concealed); S4–6, S8 depicted in figures 8–11.

TYPE MATERIAL: Of three registered syntypes in the Natural History Museum, London, one? and two /, the?, B.M. Type Hym. 17a 2057b, is now designated as lectotype. The type series was collected by G.E. Bryant at Matang, Sarawak (3,000 ft), one of numerous collectors who have visited the locality .

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: 2/, 2?, labeled ‘‘ N.W. Borneo, / 3600 feet / Mt. Matang , near / Kuching , Sarawak. / capt. June 1900 / by Dyak collector. / Presented 1900 by / R. Shelford, M.A. ’’ (Donald & Madge Baker Collection, Division of Entomology, University of Kansas Natural History Museum) .

Figures

Figs. 1–2. Photomicrographs of Megachile (Matangapis) alticola Cameron. 1. Female, lateral habitus. 2. Male, lateral habitus.

Figs. 3–4. Photomicrographs of Megachile (Matangapis) alticola Cameron. 3. Female, facial view.

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrograph of the metapretarsus and metadistitarsal apex of Megachile (Matangapis) alticola Cameron depicting large arolium. Arolia are present on all legs of both sexes; the claws of the female (seen here) are simple, whereas those of males are bifid. The small, spheroid objects on the claws are grains of pollen.

Figs. 6–13. Megachile (Matangapis) alticola Cameron; 6, female; 7–13, male. 6. Female mandible. 7. Male mandible. 8. Fourth metasomal sternum. 9. Fifth metasomal sternum. 10. Sixth metasomal sternum. 11. Eighth metasomal sternum (setae omitted). 12. Genital capsule, lateral aspect. 13. Genital capsule; left half is dorsal aspect, right half is ventral aspect.