Lopesiodinia alvarengai Prado, 1973

Tôrres, Alice, Rafael, José A., Gaimari, Stephen D. & Limeira-De-Oliveira, Francisco, 2024, Lopesiodinia alvarengai Prado, 1973 (Odiniidae: Traginopinae) with the first description of the male and the neotype designation, Zootaxa 5405 (3), pp. 433-440 : 434-438

Lopesiodinia alvarengai Prado

( Figs 1–27 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52E6F913-1AD8-4191-B6C2-43B449AF58F2

Lopesiodinia alvarengai Prado, 1973: 503 . Type locality: Brazil. Pará: Jacareacanga. NT ♂ (designated herein) deposited in INPA. References— Prado 1975: 2 [catalog]; Prado and Papavero 2002: 1 [list, Brazil]; Carvalho-Filho et al. 2009: 66 [in key]; Gaimari 2010: 1053 [discussion]; Gaimari & Mathis 2011: 317 [catalog, world]; Tôrres et al. 2021: 332 [revision].

Diagnosis. Male. Inner surstylus spiniform, strongly sclerotized; outer surstylus spatuliform; subepandrial sclerite W-shaped. Pregonite toothed ventrodistally. Female. Tergite 7 membranous, weakly sclerotized at basal dorsomedial region, forming a strongly sclerotized but incomplete ring, open ventrally; spiracle inserted ventrally on posteroventral margin of tergite 7.

Description. Neotype ♂. Body length 3.19 mm. Head ( Figs 1–5 ). Height 1.82X the length, width 2.17X the length and 1.19X wider than high. Eye only slightly higher than long. Ocellar triangle with silvery-gray to yellowish-gray pruinosity, with sparse, tiny, dark, proclinate ocellar setulae; posterior ocelli slightly closer to each other than the distance between the anterior and a posterior ocellus; robust ocellar setae, subequal in length and diameter to the postocellar setae; inner and outer vertical setae equal in length, these slightly longer. Postcranium ( Fig. 1 ) slightly concave in dorsal view. Frons ( Fig. 3 ) 2.00X wider than long, with lateral edge diverging ventrally and generally converging dorsally; frons reddish-brown in dorsal view apparently without pruinosity, and goldish-yellow pruinosity, dense, in anterior view. Fronto-orbital plate ( Fig. 3 ) yellow, goldish-yellow pruinosity, dense; 3 fronto-orbital setae, anterior pair inclined and 2 posterior pairs recumbent, anterior pair originating below the top of the lunule, middle pair originating closer to the anterior pair than the posterior, posterior pair originating above the level of the anterior ocellus. Lunule ( Figs 3, 5 ) 0.11 mm high, arched; 0.46X height of frons; light brown to brown, silvery-gray pruinosity in lateral or ventral view, with fine, short setae along dorsal edge, almost inconspicuous; lunule with dark brown to black spot with a triangular appearance, large, most evident in dorsal view or when moistened with alcohol. Antenna ( Figs 3–5 ) with scape and pedicel light brown to brown; postpedicel entirely dark yellow; arista with first segment yellow, remainder black, bipectinate, with moderate-sized setae, darkened. Face ( Fig. 5 ), parafacial and gena light brown to brown. Oral vibrissa ( Fig. 5 ) accompanied by a group of dark brown to black setae and 1 well-differentiated subvibrissal seta. Gena ( Figs 2, 4 ) with brown setae and gray pruinosity. Clypeus dark brown, almost entirely covered with light gray pruinosity. Palpus yellow, subcylindrical, with black setulae, some slightly longer. Prementum and labellum light brown, with light colored setulae.

Thorax ( Figs 1–2, 6 ). Greyish- to goldish-brown pruinosity with distinct dark brown median vitta; all macrosetae with alveolae slightly oblong and slightly raised, margins darkened. Chaetotaxy: 1+3 dorsocentral (two posteriormost strongest), prescutellar acrostichal absent, 1 postpronotal (along with a few setulae), 1 presutural intra-alar, 2 notopleurals (anterior seta strongest), 2 supra-alars (posterior one strongest), 2 postalars (anterior seta strongest and additional 1 tiny setula between them). Prescutellum absent. Scutellum ( Figs 1, 6 ) concolorous with scutum, including pruinosity, arched dorsally, with 2 pairs of macrosetae and 1 to 3 pairs of setulae between them. Pleuron ( Fig. 2 ) yellowish-gray pruinose; pleuron above katepisternum lacking setae or setulae except for 1 propleural seta. Katepisternum with 3 stout setae along dorsal edge, in addition to some setulae. Legs ( Fig. 2 ). Coxae and femora dark brown, except for the yellow distal ends, with sparse yellowish-gray pruinosity. Tibiae and tarsi light yellow, except for subproximal and subdistal ends of the tibiae with brown rings, most clearly defined on the fore tibia. Wing ( Figs 2, 7 ). Length 2.84 mm; width 1.14 mm; 2.49X longer than width. Vein C extended to M 1, although weaker beyond R 4+5, with costal spinules extended to apex of vein R 2+3. Membrane hyaline, slightly yellowish, with yellow veins. Halter yellow.

Abdomen ( Figs 1–2, 8 ). Tergites predominantly yellow to yellowish-orange, with paired large hemispherical brown spots on tergites 3 and 4 (reddish-brown in females), the posterior ends of the tergites with a narrow band of yellowish-gray pruinosity, which widen towards lateral margins where they transition to light yellow-gold color; tergites 3–5 with longer setulae along posterior edges and laterally on syntergite 1+2.

Male terminalia ( Figs 9–15 ). Tergite 6 symmetrical; sternite 6 symmetrical, as a slender stripe, apparently not articulated with tergite 7. Syntergosternite 7 + 8 asymmetrical, bare, 4.00X wider than long. Epandrium ( Figs 9–11 ) saddle-shaped, higher than long, light brown, setulose. Cercus ( Figs 9–11 ) yellow, setulose. Surstyli ( Figs 9–11 ) as two lobes, inner and outer, separately articulated with epandrial edge; inner surstylus spiniform, strongly sclerotized, ventrally curved; outer surstylus spatuliform, distal end about 5.00X the width of the base, slightly curved ventrally; both surstyli apparently glabrous. Subepandrial sclerite ( Figs 9–10, 12 ), “W”-shaped, strongly sclerotized, weakly articulated with the hypandrial arms anteriorly; with four posterior projections, external projections slightly stronger, articulated at the base of the inner surstyli, median projections slightly weaker, articulated at the base of the cerci. Hypandrium ( Figs 13–15 ) subtriangular (tapered anteriorly), slightly longer than wide, proximal half strongly sclerotized, distal half weakly sclerotized, lateral edges slightly higher at base in lateral view. Gonocoxal apodeme ( Fig. 15 ) as a slightly rectangular capsule, with small anteroventral concavity (fitting hypandrium) and concave distally; strongly connected to pregonite (which makes it difficult to visualize without dismembering the hypandrium/gonocoxa complex). Pregonite ( Figs 13–15 ), very large and projecting laterodorsally around the phallapodeme and phallus; when together with the gonocoxal apodeme they form the phallic capsule, inner margin with stout sparse setulae; with a toothed ventrodistal edge. Postgonite ( Figs 13–14 ) as large lobes, slightly flattened, positioned lateral to the distal end of the phallus. Phallapodeme ( Figs 13–15 ) slightly longer than phallus. Phallus ( Figs 13–15 ) bifid.

Female ( Figs 16–27 ). Similar to male. Terminalia ( Figs 23–27 ). Tergite 6 ( Fig. 23 ) 2.70X wider than long, with shallow depression along anterior edge, with stronger setae on the posterior margin. Sternite 6 ( Fig. 24 ) trapezoidal, like a “top hat”-shaped. Tergite 7 ( Figs 22 , 25–26 ) membranous except for basal dorsomedial region forming a strongly sclerotized but incomplete ring, open ventrally; spiracle inserted on posteroventral margin of tergite 7. Sternite 7 ( Fig. 26 ) restricted to a very thin, almost imperceptible sclerite. Segment 8 fully membranous. Epiproct ( Fig. 26 ) small, “plate”-shaped. Cerci ( Figs 22 , 25–26 ) light brown, setulose, separated, elongated and thin. Two spermathecae ( Fig. 27 ), brown, “mushroom”-shaped.

Abbreviations: bm–m —basal medial crossvein; C —costal vein; CuA —anterior branch of cubital vein; CuA+CuP —anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; dm–m —discal medial crossvein; h —humeral crossvein; M 1 — first branch of media; M 4 —fourth branch of media; R 1 —anterior branch of radius; R 2+3 —second branch of radius; R 4+5 —third branch of radius; r–m —radial–medial crossvein; Rs —radial sector; Sc —subcostal vein; T3 —tergite 3; T4 —tergite 4; T5 —tergite 5.

Type material examined. NEOTYPE ♂ (pinned, terminalia in microvial of glass), deposited in INPA: Brasil, PA[= Pará], Jacareacanga, Aeroporto, Floresta , 6°14'10.7"S, 57°46'40.6"W \PET ( Vinagre V.[= Vinho ] Tinto + Etanol ), alta (30 mts[=metros]), 31.xii.2022 − 6.i.2023, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, A. Tôrres & E. S. Pessoa, cols.\ FLO 8396. [Verbatim label data: Brasil, Pará, Jacareacanga / Aeroporto, Floresta / 6°14'10.7"S, 57°46'40.6"W / PET (Vinagre de Vinho Tinto + Etanol) / alta (30 metros), 31.xii.2023 − / 6.i.2023, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira / A. Tôrres & E. S. Pessoa, cols./ “ NEOTYPE / Lopesiodinia alvarengai / Prado, 1973 / desig.: Tôrres, Rafael, Gaimari &/ Limeira-de-Oliveira, 2023”] . Additional material examined: Same data as neotype, except/ FLO 7831 (pinned, terminalia in microvial of glass: 1♀, MZUSP) ; idem \ FLO 7834 (pinned, terminalia in microvial of glass: 1♀, MNRJ) ; idem \ FLO 8605 (1♀, CZMA) .

Variation. Female (n = 3). Body length 2.97−3.46 mm, mean 3.22 mm; wing length 2.62−3.08 mm, mean 2.82 mm; wing width 1.06−1.27 mm, mean 1.15 mm. Abdomen ( Figs 16−17, 22 ), in female with tergites predominantly reddish-brown.

Geographical record. Brazil: Pará.

Remarks. Lopesiodinia alvarengai , differs from other species of this genus by having the inner surstylus spiniform and strongly sclerotized and the outer surstylus spatuliform, the subepandrial sclerite being “W”-shaped, and the pregonite having a toothed ventrodistal edge (the pregonite lacks ventrodistal teeth in the other species). Female specimens also differ in having tergite 7 as an incomplete ring, separated ventrally, with sternite 7 reduces to a very thin, almost imperceptible sclerite. In the other species whose females are known ( L. argentata , L. marcusi and L. pontarolloi ) tergite 7 forms a complete ring.

Figures

FIGURES 1–8. Lopesiodinia alvarengai, neotype ♂ (pre-dissection). 1, habitus, dorsal view; 2, habitus, lateral view; 3, head, frontal view; 4, head, lateral view; 5, dark spot in spotlight on the lunule and face, dorsal view; 6, thorax, dorsal view; 7, wing; 8, abdomen, dorsal view.

FIGURES 9–15. Lopesiodinia alvarengai, neotype ♂. Terminalia. 9, epandrium, cerci, outer and inner surstyli and subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; 10, epandrium, outer and inner surstyli and subepandrial sclerite, posterior view; 11, epandrium, cercus and outer and inner surstyli, lateral view; 12, subepandrial sclerite, anterior view; 13, phallapodeme, hypandrium, phallus, pregonite showing teeth and postgonite, dorsal view; 14, phallapodeme, hypandrium, phallus, pregonite, showing teeth and postgonite, ventral view; 15, phallapodeme, hypandrium, gonocoxal apodeme, phallus, pregonite showing teeth, lateral view.

FIGURES 16–22. Lopesiodinia alvarengai, ♀. 16, habitus, dorsal view; 17, habitus, lateral view; 18, head, frontal view; 19, head, lateral view; 20, thorax, dorsal view; 21, wing; 22, abdomen, dorsal view. Abbreviations: T3—tergite 3; T4—tergite 4; T5—tergite 5; T6—tergite 6; T7—tergite 7.

FIGURES 23–27. Lopesiodinia alvarengai, ♀. Terminalia. 23, Tergite 6, dorsal view; 24, sternites 1–6, ventral view; 25, tergite 7, segment 8 and cercus, dorsal view; 26, tergite 7, sternite 7, segment 8, epiproct and cercus, ventral view; 27, spermathecae.