Lauritrioza laurisilvae ( Hodkinson, 1990 ) Bastin & Burckhardt & Reyes-Betancort & Hernández-Suárez & Ouvrard, 2023

Bastin, Saskia, Burckhardt, Daniel, Reyes-Betancort, Alfredo, Hernández-Suárez, Estrella & Ouvrard, David, 2023, A review of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of the Canary Islands, with descriptions of two new genera and sixteen new species, Zootaxa 5313 (1), pp. 1-98 : 51-52

Lauritrioza laurisilvae ( Hodkinson, 1990) , comb. nov.

( Figs 187 , 212–214 , 269–271 )

Trioza alacris sensu Loginova 1976: 35 , nec Flor 1861: 398, misidentification.

Trioza laurisilvae Hodkinson, 1990: 30 .

Material examined. La Palma: 1 ♂, Los Llanos, 23.v.1947 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted). La Gomera: 32 ♂, 26 ♀, Cruz de las Hayas ,> 1200 m alt., 12.viii.2009, Lauru s and on forest floor and undergrowth (I. Dworakowska) ( MMBC, dry mounted); 2 ♂ , 1 ♀, La Laja, Mirador El Bailadero, 28.1227 N, 17.2082 W, 980 m alt., 19.vi.2022, Rhamnus glandulosa (S. Bastin) ( SBPC, 70% ethanol). La Palma : 2 ♂ , 3 ♀, 5 km SW of Barlovento, 28.7932 N, 17.8274 W, 1350 m alt., 13–16.iii.2015 (L. Dembický) ( MMBC, dry mounted). Tenerife: 2 ♂, Fuente Pedro , 26.viii.1908 ( R. Haymons) ( MMBC, dry mounted); 3 ♂ , 1 ♀, Barranco S. Antonio , 21.v.1947 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 2 ♂ , 2 ♀, same data but 4.ii.1949 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 1 ♂ , 1 ♀, Las Mercedes , 28–30.v.1947 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 4 ♂ , 1 ♀, same data but 3.iv.1949 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 2 ♂ , 2 ♀, same data but without date ( R. Storå) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 2 ♂ , 2 ♀, same data but without date ( R. Frey ) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 1 ♂, La Esperanza, 31.v.1947 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted) ; 1 ♀, same data but without date ( R. Storå) ( FMNH, dry mounted) ; 1 ♀, Puerto de la Cruz, 2–4.ii.1949 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 6 ♂ , 11 ♀, Monte Aguirre , 17.ii.1949 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted) ; 2 ♀, Vuelta de Taganana , 700 m alt., 16–17.ii.1950 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 1 ♂ , 1 ♀, Fuente Fria , 1300 m alt., 19.iv.1950 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted) ; 3 ♀, Tacoronte ( R. Frey) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 3 ♂, same data but ( R. Storå ) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 2 ♂ , 1 ♀, La Orotava ( R. Storå) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 2 ♂ , 1 ♀, same data but ( R. Frey) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 11 ♂ , 9 ♀, Cruz del Carmen , 950 m alt., 17.viii.2009, shrub (I. Dworakowska) ( MMBC, dry mounted); 7 ♂ , 1 ♀, El Bailadero , forest above road, 800 m alt., 18.viii.2009, swept by wind to forest floor (I. Dworakowska) ( MMBC, dry mounted) ; 2 ♀, Bajamar to El Moquinal, 600 m alt., 19.viii.2009, dry sites (I. Dworakowska) ( MMBC, dry mounted) ; 1 ♀, El Moquinal forest , 800 m alt., 19.viii.2009 (I. Dworakowska) ( MMBC, dry mounted); 4 ♂ , 1 ♀, Anaga park, direction to El Bailadero , 28.5482 N, 16.2053 W, 624 m alt., 23.iii.2018, Laurus novocanariensis (L. Serbina & M. Štarha) ( MMBC, 96% ethanol); 13 ♂ , 13 ♀, Anaga park, nr Camino Jardina , 28.5242 N, 16.2822 W, 741 m alt., 25.iii.2018, L. novocanariensis (L. Serbina & M. Štarha) ( NHMB, dry mounted, 70% ethanol); 16 ♂ , 19 ♀, 1 adult without abdomen, same but ( MMBC, 96% ethanol); 8 ♂ , 10 ♀, Anaga park, nr Mirador de Jardina , 28.5242 N, 16.2867 W, 784 m alt., 25.iii.2018, L. novocanariensis (L. Serbina & M. Štarha) ( MMBC, 96% ethanol); 1 ♂ , 1 ♀, Anaga park, same but ( NHMB, dry mounted); 3 ♂ , 2 ♀, La Laguna, Cabrera Pinto , 28.4922 N, 16.3157 W, 550 m alt., 1.iv.2018, Laurus sp. (S. Bastin) ( SBPC, slide mounted); 8 ♂ , 17 ♀, 5 immatures, same data but 17.vi.2020 ( MUSA, slide mounted, 70% ethanol); 7 ♂ , 11 ♀, 3 immatures, La Laguna, parque de la Constitución , 28.4935 N, 16.3166 W, 550 m alt., 5.vi.2018, Laurus sp. (S. Bastin) ( ICIA, slide mounted, 70% ethanol); 2 ♂ , 1 ♀, 40 immatures, parque rural de Anaga , 28.5461 N, 16.2709 W, 560 m alt., 18.iv.2020 (S. Bastin), L. novocanariensis ( SBPC, 70% ethanol); 11 ♂ , 12 ♀, San Juan de La Rambla , 28.3805 N, 16.6440 W, 400 m alt., 17.vi.2020, Laurus sp. (M. Quintana & S. Bastin) ( SBPC, 70% ethanol); 14 ♂ , 14 ♀, same data but 29.vi.2020 ( MUSA, 70% ethanol); 1 ♂, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, El Batán , 28.5438 N, 16.3092 W, 560 m alt., 8.xi.2020, Persea indica (S. Bastin) ( SBPC, slide mounted); 4 ♂ , 2 ♀, Tegueste, finca Los Zamoranos , 28.5211 N, 16.3351 W, 400 m alt., 1.vii.2020, Laurus sp. (S. Bastin) ( SBPC, 70% ethanol); 1 ♂ , 2 ♀, nr TF-373, 28.3540 N, 16.7488 W, 703 m alt., 31.xii.2020 (L. Serbina & M. Štarha) ( MMBC, 96% ethanol); 6 ♂ , 11 ♀, La Laguna, parque de Villa Hilaria, 28.4715 N, 16.2957 W, 380 m alt., 15.ii.2021, Laurus sp. (A. Peña) ( ICIA, 70% ethanol). Gran Canaria: 1 ♂, Cruz de Tejeda , 1.iv.1949 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 1 ♂, Las Palmas, 20-22.ii.1949 (H. Lindberg) ( FMNH, dry mounted); 7 ♂, 7 ♀, Moya ( R. Storå) ( FMNH, dry mounted) .

Description. Adult. Hodkinson (1990).

Fifth-instar immature. Colouration ( Fig. 271 ). Eyes reddish brown. Antenna light brown with almost black apex. Fore- and hindwing pads light yellow. Basal half of cephaloprothorax and mesothoracic and metathoracic sclerites dark brown to black. Abdomen light yellow with basal three visible tergites dark brown.

Structure. Conforming to the generic description of Conci & Tamanini (1986). Body ( Fig. 212 ) 1.5–1.6 times as long as wide. Antenna 0.4 times as long as forewing pad. Forewing pad margin ( Fig. 213 ) with 24–29 pointed sectasetae intercalated by simple setae (13–16) in basal two thirds, in the following arrangements: 1 pointed sectaseta followed by 1 or 2 pointed simple setae ( Fig. 214 ); hindwing pad with 3 pointed sectasetae. Caudal plate ( Fig. 214 ) 0.7 times as long as wide; with 24–26 marginal pointed sectasetae and very few simple setae (3–5) (one side only); dorsally, bearing a few small pointed sectastae and simple setae.

Measurements (in mm) (3 individuals). Body length 1.8–1.9 mm; length of forewing pad 0.84–0.88.

Distribution CI. La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife, Gran Canaria ( Loginova 1976, as Trioza alacris ).

Host plant CI. Laurus novocanariensis (Lauraceae) . There are no morphological characters to distinguish between the endemic L. novocanariensis and the adventive L. nobilis , rendering identification in the field impossible. The Laurus from the laurisilva of Anaga is L. novocanariensis , as L. nobilis does not grow in the natural habitats. The former is, thus, a confirmed host of Lauritrioza laurisilvae . The host status of L. nobilis remains uncertain, pending future research.

Biology. The galls of this species are similar to those of Lauritrioza alacris ( Flor, 1861) . Three predators, Anthocoris nemoralis (Fabricius) , Anthocoris salicis Lindberg and Cardiastethus nazarenus Reuter ( Hemiptera : Anthocoridae ) were observed in the galls.

Comments. Conci & Tamanini (1986) erected Lauritrioza for Trioza alacris mostly based on morphological characters of the immatures not found in other Italian triozids. They admitted that ‘regarding the adult, it is more difficult to indicate valid generic characters’. In the mitogenome analysis by Percy et al. (2018), T. alacris was recovered in clade B along with the genera Hevaheva and Megatrioza , as well as a few other species assigned to Trioza s.l. that are only distantly related and not congeneric with Trioza urticae (Linnaeus) , the type species of Trioza (which was recovered in clade M). The close relationship of L. alacris and T. laurisilvae was pointed out by Hodkinson (1990) and is supported here with the morphological similarity of the immatures of these two species. We conclude that they constitute a monophyletic clade that is unrelated to Trioza and, thus, warrants generic status. Here we recognise Lauritrioza as a valid genus for the two species, Lauritrioza alacris and Lauritrioza laurisilvae ( Hodkinson, 1990) , comb. nov. from Trioza .

Immatures of L. laurisilvae differ from those of L. alacris in the number of marginal pointed sectasetae and simple setae on the forewing pad (55–61 in L. alacris and 40–42 in L. laurisilvae ) and caudal plate (41–46 in L. alacris and 27–30 in L. laurisilvae ), also in the position of the simple setae on the fore margin of the forewing pad; in L. alacris , one simple seta is intercalated between two sectasetae, while in L. laurisilvae one or two simple setae are intercalated between two sectasetae. It also differs from L. alacris in body colour, having dark brown to black basal half of the cephalothorax, the entire thorax and the three basal abdominal tergites.

Figures

FIGURES 186–195. (186)Heterotrioza chenopodii, male terminalia, lateral view.(187)Lauritrioza laurisilvae, male terminalia, lateral view. (188–195) Percyella spp.; (188) head, dorsal view (P. benahorita); (189) antenna (P. guanche); (190) antenna, showing rhinaria (P. guanche); (191) proboscis (P. gomerita); (192) metacoxa (P. gomerita); (193) forewing (P. gomerita); (194) forewing (P. guanche); (195) hindwing (P. gomerita).

FIGURES 212–218. Fifth-instar immature; (212–214) Lauritrioza laurisilvae: (212) habitus, right half; (213) marginal sectasetae and simple setae on forewing pad; (214) marginal sectasetae and simple setae on caudal plate. (215–218) Percyella species: (215) habitus, right half; (216) modified tarsal arolium and claws, lateral view; (217) modified tarsal arolium and claws, dorsal view; (218) circumanal rings and anus.

FIGURES 269–280. (269–271) Lauritrioza laurisilvae: (269, 270) adult, habitus; (269) lateral view; (270) dorsal view; (271) immature. (272, 273) Percyella canari: adult, habitus; (272) lateral view; (273) dorsal view. (274–276) Percyella gomerita, adult, habitus, dorsal view. (277–280) Percyella guanche: (277) Acari attached to the abdomen; (278) adult, habitus, dorsal view; (279, 280) immature. Photographs 269 and 270 by Alfonso Peña Darias.