Larcopyle buetschlii buetschlii Dreyer, 1889

Zhang, Lanlan & Suzuki, Noritoshi, 2017, Taxonomy and species diversity of Holocene pylonioid radiolarians from surface sediments of the northeastern Indian Ocean, Palaeontologia Electronica (Cambridge, England: 2003) 7 (8), pp. 1-68 : 30-33

Larcopyle buetschlii buetschlii Dreyer, 1889 sensu stricto

Figures 17.7-12 , 19

1889 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer , p. 124-125, fig. 70.

non 1977 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Kling, pl. 1, fig. 11.

1979 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Nigrini and Moore, p. S131-132, pl. 17, fig. 1a, b.

1979 Pylospira octopyle Haeckel ?; Nigrini and Moore, p. S139-140, pl. 17, fig. 6a (only).

non 1981 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Takahashi and Honjo, p. 150, pl. 5, fig. 15.

1984 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Nigrini and Lombari, p. S89-90, pl. 13, fig. 1a, b.

1984 Pylospira octopyle Haeckel ; Nigrini and Lombari, p. S101-102, pl. 14, fig. 4.

1984b Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Nishimura and Yamauchi, p. 41, pl. 48, fig. 8a-b.

non 1984b Larcopyle sp. aff. L. bütschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name according to ICZN Article 32.5.2.1); Nishimura and Yamauchi, p. 41, pl. 16, fig. 10.

non 1985 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Boltovskoy and Jankilevich, pl. 3, fig. 14.

non 1991 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Takahashi, p. 91, pl. 22, figs. 1-4.

non 1993 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Sharma and Singh, pl. 2, fig. 23.

non 1996 Larcopyle bütschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name according to ICZN Arti-

ZHANG & SUZUKI: TAXONOMY OF HOLOCENE PYLONIOID cle 32.5.2.1); Bak, Lee, and Yun, p. 234, pl. 3, fig. 1.

non 1996 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Motoyama, pl. 3, fig. 3a-b (only).

? 1996 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Motoyama, pl. 3, fig. 4 (only).

1997 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Bak, Lee, and Yun, pl. 1, figs. 8?, 9?, pl. 2, figs. 4?, 5.

1999 Larcopyle bütschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name according to ICZN Article 32.5.2.1); Sharma, Singh, and Rawal, pl. 3, fig. 3.

2002 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Anma, Kawakami, and Yamamoto, fig. 12.13.

2002 Larcopyle bütschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name according to ICZN Article 32.5.2.1); Cortese and Abelmann, pl. 1, fig. 17.

non 2002 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Matsuoka, Shinzawa, Yoshida, Machidori, Kurita, and Todo, pl. 1, figs. 1-2, pl. 2, fig. 1.

non 2003 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Itaki, pl. 1, figs. 1, 3 (only).

aff. 2003 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Itaki, pl. 1, figs. 2, 4 (only).

non 2003 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Itaki and Ikehara, fig. 4.a, c.

non 2003 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Okazaki, Takahashi, Yoshitani, Nakatsuka, Ikehara, and Wakatsuchi, pl. 1, fig. 25.

non 2003 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Sharma, and Ram, pl. 2, figs. 19-20.

non 2004 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Itaki, Ikehara, Motoyama, and Hasegawa, pl. 1, figs. 1-2, 4 (only).

aff. 2004 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Itaki, Ikehara, Motoyama, and Hasegawa, pl. 1, figs. 3, 5 (only).

? 2004 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Okazaki, Takahashi, Itaki, and Kawasaki, pl. 1, fig. 16.

non 2004 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Okazaki, Takahashi, Itaki, and Kawasaki, pl. 1, figs. 17-18.

non 2005 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Lazarus, Faust, and Popova-Goll, p. 106-108, pl. 1, figs. 10- 14.

2005 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Motoyama and Nishimura, fig. 10.1-3.

non 2005 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Okazaki, Takahashi, Onodera, and Honda, fig. 10.12.

? 2005 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Zapata and Olivares, p. 83, fig. 3.2.

non 2006 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Kurihara, Shimotani, and Matsuoka, pl. 2, fig. 8.

aff. 2006 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Motoyama and Nagamori, fig. 5.4.

non 2007 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Ishitani and Takahashi, pl. 2, figs. a-c.

non 2008 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Itaki, Minoshima, and Kawahata, pl. 1, figs. 18- 19.

non 2008 Larcopyle butschlii Dreyer (wrong spelling of the species name); Tanaka and Takahashi, pl. 1, figs. 10-11.

2009 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Hatakeda and BjØrklund, pl. 1, figs. 1-3.

non 2009 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Itaki, p. 48, pl. 12, figs. 1-21.

non 2009 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Sono, Suzuki, Yoshimura, Kano, and Takeda, pl. 1, figs. 17a-19b.

non 2009 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Zhang, Chen, Xiang, Zhang, Liu, Huang, and Lu, pl. 1, fig. L.

non 2011 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Kurihara and Matsuoka, figs. 3.1-3, 4.1-2. non 2012 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Ikenoue, Takahashi, and Tanaka, pl. 2, fig. 7.

non 2013 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Hernández-Almeida, BjØrklund, Sierro, Filippelli, Cacho, and Flores, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8.

2015a Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Matsuzaki, Suzuki, and Nishi, p. 33, figs. 6.22, 6.26-28. non 2015a Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Matsuzaki, Suzuki, and Nishi, p. 33, figs. 6.21, 6.23-25. 2015b Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Matsuzaki, Suzuki, Nishi, Hayashi, Gyawali, Takashima, and Ikehara, fig. 7.16-17.

non 2016 Larcopyle buetschlii Dreyer ; Matsuzaki, Itaki, and Kimoto, fig. 8.15.

Description. Test is ellipsoid in shape with a bore pylome and consists of a pylodiscid-type central combination, two or three pseudo-concentric shells, and outermost coverage shell with fine pores. The Lt-axis of the central combination is oblique or parallel to the longest axis (the Ug-axis) of the test. One or two spiral girdles develop from one side of the central combination and gradually rotate around the inner skeleton. The axes of the spiral girdles continuously rotate in three dimensions in Type 1 coordinates, but this rotation tends to be parallel to the previously developed girdle just below that girdle. Consequently, they seem to develop two or three pseudo-concentric shells from one view in Type 2 coordinates, whereas they resemble spirals from the other view in the same coordinates. The outer girdle is connected to the inner girdle with vertical pillar beams. Numerous pillar beams are present, but they rarely pierce through an outer girdle. Pores of these spiral girdles are large and polygonal to elliptical in shape. The pore sizes of these spiral girdles are largely related on the density of the pillar beams. The outermost coverage shell is ellipsoid in shape with numerous small pores that form a thick wall. The ratio of the short and long diameters of the outermost shell is ca. 0.6–0.7. No by-spines or radial spines are present on the surface of the outermost coverage shell. A bore pylome tends to develop on one side of the outermost coverage shell and is associated with a number of spinules. This pylome is closed in some fully mature forms, and no distinctive structure corresponding to a pylome has been detected inside the test. The outermost coverage shell is also connected with the internal spiral structures of numerous pillar beams.

Remarks. The Larcopyle buetschlii group has been used in several studies for a wide variety of Larcopyle species with spiral internal structures and ellipsoid appearances. The “ L. buetschlii ” specimens from the Sea of Japan generally have more tightly coiled inner structures, more robust outermost coverage shell, and radial spines or by-spines across the outermost coverage shell (e.g., Itaki, 2009). These observations strongly suggest that the Larcopyle buetschlii from the Sea of Japan is morphologically independent from our Indian Larcopyle buetschlii . We examined the topotypic specimens from the H.M.S. Challenger Stations 261, 266, and 271 and found equivalent specimens to the type image in Dreyer (1889) in the Station 271 sample ( Figure 17.7-12 ). We confirmed the same morphological characteristics between specimens from Station 271 and illustrated specimens of Larcopyle buetschlii buetschlii from the Indian Ocean. Larcopyle buetschlii buetschlii is different from Larcopyle buetschlii n. subsp. based on the former’s major spiral girdles, the smoother surface of these spiral girdles, and the final thick coverage of fine pores if present. Lazarus et al. (2005) synonymized Larnacantha polyacantha Campbell and Clark, 1944 , with L. buetschlii , but we separate the former from the synonym of the latter because the spiral patterns of each differ. The subspecific name “ buetschlii ” applies strictly to specimens that match the above definition. This subspecies is limited to warm, open regions of the Pacific, whereas the morphotype described by Itaki (2009, 2016) is limited to the Sea of Japan and, rarely, the Sea of Okhotsk and the boreal North Pacific.

Figures

FIGURE 17. The topotypes from the H.M.S. Challenger station 271. 1-6, Larcopyle cervicornis (Haeckel, 1887); 7-12, Larcopyle buetschlii buetschlii Dreyer, 1889. All are Pl-view at Type1. Scale bar equals 0.1 mm. All specimens are from H.M.S. Challenger Station 271 sample.

FIGURE 19. Photographs of the encountered morphotypes of Larcopyle buetschlii buetschlii Dreyer, 1889, sensu stricto. All are Fr-view at Type 2. Scale bar equals 0.1 mm. All specimens are from YDY05-01.