Jacquemontia evolvuloides (Moric.) Meisn.

Pastore, Mayara, Moreira, André Luiz da Costa, Cavalcanti, Taciana Barbosa & Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela, 2017, A taxonomic study of Jacquemontia evolvuloides (Moric.) Meisn. and related species (Convolvulaceae), Adansonia 39 (2), pp. 149-166 : 151-156

2. Jacquemontia evolvuloides (Moric.) Meisn.

( Fig. 8A, B )

In Martius 7: 307 (1869). — Ipomoea evolvuloides Moric. , Plantes Nouvelles d’Amérique, t. 32: 47 (1838). — Montejacquia evolvuloides (Moric.) Roberty , Candollea 14: 33 (1952). — Jacquemontia evolvuloides (Moric.) Meisn. var. longepedunculata Meisn. , in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 7: 307 (1869) ( nom. illeg.).

— Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Bahia, 1834, J.S. Blanchet 1876 (lecto-, G [ G00222066 ] photo! ; isolecto-, G [ G00222068 ] photo!, P [ P03848976 ]! ( Fig. 3 ) ; lectosyn-, Brazil, Bahia, Blanchet 2050 G [ G00222067 ] photo!) .

Convolvulus agrestis Choisy , DC. Prodromus Systematis (9): 405 (1845).— Jacquemontia agrestis (Choisy) Meisn. , in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 7: 306 (1869).

— Lectotype (designated by Robertson 1971): Brazil, Bahia, Joazeiro, São Francisco , C.F.P. Martius s.n. (lecto-, M[M0174135] photo!; isolecto-, M[M0174134] photo!) , syn. nov.

Convolvulus breviacuminatus Mart. ex Choisy , DC. Prodromus Systematis (9): 409 (1845). — Jacquemontia racemosa Meisn. , in Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 7: 308 (1869) ( nom. illeg.). — Jacquemontia breviacuminata (Mart. ex Choisy) Buril , Phytologia 97 (3): 219-223 (2015).

— Type: Brazil, Piauí , “ Campo-Grande et Castello ”, C.F.P. Martius obs. 2459 (holo-, M[M0184703] photo!; iso-, M[M0184702] photo!) , syn. nov.

Jacquemontia erecta Mart. ex Choisy , DC. Prodromus Systematis (9): 298 (1845).

— Type: Brazil, Bahia , Joazeiro , São Francisco , C.F.P. Martius s.n. (holo-, M[M0184742] photo!) .

Ipomoea evolvuloides var. grandiflora Choisy , DC. Prodromus Systematis (9): 373 (1845).

— Type: Brazil, 1837, J.S. Blanchet 2746 (holo-, G [ G00222099 ] photo! ; iso-, G [ G00135887 ] photo!, F[F0054879F] photo!, K[K000895056]!) .

Jacquemontia palmeri S.Watson , Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts 24: 63 (1889).

— Type: Mexico, Sonora , mountains above Guaymas , 6.VII.1887, E. Palmer 221 (holo-, US[US00111313] photo! ; iso-, C[C10009696] photo!, E[E00502204] photo!, GH[GH00054624] photo!, NDG[NDG40383] photo! NY[NY00319265, NY00319266]!, UC[UC105022] photo!, YU[YU002063] photo!) .

Jacquemontia pedunculata Rusby , Memoirs of theTorrey Botanical Club 6: 85 (1896).

— Type: Bolivia, Cochabamba , 1891, M. Bang 1067 (holo-, NY[NY00336552]! ; iso-, BR[BR0000008660244] photo!, F[F0054909F] photo!, K[K000613118]!, MO[MO-694490]!, US[US00111318] photo!, WIS[WISv0004254WIS] photo!) .

Convolvulus secundiflorus Fernald, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts 33 (5): 90 (1897). — Jacquemontia secundiflora (Fernald) O’Donell , Lilloa 23: 467 (1950).

— Type: Mexico, Guerrero , Acapulco , X.1894, E. Palmer 32 (holo., GH[GH00054627] photo! ; iso-, K[K000613054]!, MO[MO-152715]!, US[US00111342] photo!) .

Jacquemontia palmeri S.Watson var. varians Brandegee , Zoë 5 (9): 170 (1903).

— Type: Mexico, Baja California , XI.1902, T.S. Brandegee s.n. (holo-, UC[UC105019] photo! ; iso-, US[US00111314] photo!) .

Jacquemontia hirsuta Choisy var. parvifolia Chodat & Hassl. , Bulletin de l’HerbierBoissier, ser.2, 5: 697 (1905).— Jacquemontia evolvuloides var. grandiflora f. hirsutula Hassl. , Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 9: 194 (1911).

— Type: Paraguay, Concepción, IX.1901, E. Hassler 7340 (holo-, G [ G00175387 ] ; iso-, GH[GH00054638] photo!, MO[MO-1176113]!, MPU[ MPU012120 , MPU012121 ] photo!, NY[NY00319288]!, P[P03867994]! ( Fig. 4 ), S[S12-717] photo!, UC[UC944288] photo!) , syn. nov.

Ipomoea prostrata Meisn. var. longepedunculata Chodat & Hassl. , Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier ser. 2, 5: 697 (1905).

— Type: Paraguay “ In regione cursus superioris fluminis Apa , Lect. mens. Febr.”, 1901, E. Hassler 8459 (holo-, G [ G00228052 ] photo! ; iso-, G [ G00175389 ] photo!, G [ G00175390 ] photo!, G [ G00175388 ] photo!, K [ K000612783 ]!) , syn. nov.

Jacquemontia evolvuloides var. grandiflora Hassl. , Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 9: 194 (1911). — Jacquemontia evolvuloides var. grandiflora f. albiflora Hassl. , Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 9: 194 (1911).

— Type: Paraguay “ In campis in regione superioris fluminis Apa , flor. mens. Febr.”, E. Hassler 8459 (holo-, NY[NY00319297]!) , syn. nov.

Jacquemontia evolvuloides var. grandiflora f. tomentosula Hassl. , Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 9: 194 (1911).

— Type: Paraguay “ Centurian, trockener Camp zwischen Gräsern , flo. et fruct. Mens. Oct et Nov.”, K. Fiebrig 4216 (syn-, G [ G00175378 ] photo!, M[M0184736] photo!, GOET[GOET002529] photo! ; Paraguay “ Zwischen Rio Apa und Rio Aquidaban 1908/1909” K. Fiebrig 4124 (syn-, G [ G00175380 , G00175379 ], M[M0184737] photo!) , syn. nov.

Jacquemontia pauciflora Brandegee , University of California Publications in Botany 4 (19): 384 (1913).

— Type: Mexico: Vera Cruz, Baños del Carrizal , VIII.1912, C.A. Purpus 6139 (holo-, UC[UC155183] photo! ; iso-,F[F0054936F] photo!, G [ G00222103 ], GH[GH00054625] photo!, MO[MO-15271, MO-152716]!, NY[NY00319267]!, US[US00111317] photo!) .

Jacquemontia diantha Urban , Symbolae Antillanae 9: 243, 244 (1924).

— Type: Cuba, Guantanamo, 17.XII.1919, E.L. Ekman 10180 (holo-, S[S07-4311] photo! ; iso-, BM[BM000953204]!, F[F0054941F] photo!, G [ G00227291 ] photo!, NY[NY00111078]!) .

Jacquemontia guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm. , Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical series 23 (2): 84 (1944).

— Type: Guatemala, Chiquimula, 20.X.1939, J.A. Steyermark 30066 (holo-, F[F0054934F] photo!) .

Jacquemontia decumbens O’Donell , Lilloa 23:422 (1950).

—Type: Argentina, Missiones, Dep. Candelaria, Gramajo , 1.III.1948, G.J. Schwarz 5553 (holo-, LIL [ LIL001304 ]! ; iso, BAA[BAA00004765] photo!, BR[BR0000006992224, BR0000006992552]photo!,E[E00421736] photo!, GH[GH00054632] photo!, IAN[IAN060867]!, L[L0004209] photo!, LIL[LIL001305, LIL001306, LIL001307, LIL001308, LIL001309]! MO[MO-694362]!, P[P03848994]! ( Fig. 5 ), RB[RB00263525]!, RSA[RSA0002446, RSA0002447] photo!, TEX[TEX00372578, TEX00372579]! photo) , syn. nov.

SELECTED MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Argentina. Córdoba, Colón , 4.IV.1953, A.T. Hunziker 10257 (MBM) . — Corrientes, Empredado , 24.III.1979, T.M. Pedersen 12409 (SPF, MBM, CTES) ; Ituzaingó , 17.XI.1978, M.M. Arbo et al. 2107 (MBM, ICN) ; Meroedes , 13.XI.1981, A. Schinini 21710 (MBM) . — Misiones, Candelaria , 15.III.2002, M.E. Rodriguez & A. Góchez 1184 (ESA) .

Brazil. Bahia, Rio de Contas , 13°36’18”S, 41°46’22”W, 20.IV.2009, R.M. Harley et al. 55956 (SP, HUEFS) ; Ceará, Santa Quitéria , 16.IV.2011, M.E.F. Rodrigues et al. 691 (SP). — Distrito Federal, Sobradinho , 9.VIII.1990, T.B. Cavalcanti 587 (SP, CEN). — Goiás, Colinas do Sul , 14°11’32.5”S, 48°03’23.5”W, 21.V.2004, M.L. Fonseca et al.5374 (SP, IBGE) ; Maranhão, Loreto , 18.V.1962, G. Eiten 4620 (SP). — Piauí , 27.V.1978, J. Souza et al. 674 (SP). — Mato Grosso, Araguainha , 16°42’51”S, 53°08’25”W, 11.VIII.2012, A. Francener et al. 1151 (SP) ; Mato Grosso do Sul , Ladário , 19°04’17”S, 57°29’16”W, 8.XI.1996, V.J. Pott 3248 (SP, CPAP). — Minas Gerais, Mato Verde , 15°18’21”S, 42°49’37”W, 7.IV.2004, M.A. Farinaccio et al. 707 (SP, SPF). — Pernambuco, Buíque , 11.VII.1997, A.M. Miranda 2744 (SP, HST). — Rio Grande do Norte, Acari , 13.III.2009, A.A. Roque et al.731 (SP, UFRN) ; Sergipe, Areia Branca , 10°44’48.7”S, 37°20’35.5”W, 29.VI.2010, R. Simão-Bianchini 1761 (SP). — Tocantins, Cachoeirinha , 10.VII.2016. M. Pastore et al. 487 (MG) .

Mexico. Campeche, San Antonio Ebulá , 19°48’11.4”N, 90°26’38”W, 11.X.2002, C.P. Lanz 169 (MBM). — Guaymas , 1887, E. Palmer 221 (K). — Tejupilco Ixtapan , 2.XI.1932, G.B. Hinton, 2474 (K). — Temascaltepec El Salitre , 19°00’42”N, 100°11’19”W, 15.XI.1932, G.B. Hinton 2594 (K) .

Paraguay. Amambay , 25.X.1994, A. Krapovickas 46046 (SP, CTES). — Boquerón , 10.IV.1997, R. Vanni et al. 3957 (SP, CTES). — Central , 8.V.1994, A. Krapovickas 45208 (SP, CTES). — Presidente Hayes , 27.II.1994, A. Krapovickas et al. 45081 (SP, CTES). — San Pedro , 24°35’S, 56°34’W, 22.X.1994, A. Krapovickas et al. 45858 (SP, CTES, K) .

DISTRIBUTION. — Jacquemontia evolvuloides has widespread distribution ranging from USA (Arizona) to South America ( Robertson 1971; Austin & Cavalcante 1982). In Brazil, it occurs mainly in Cerrado, Caatinga, and anthropic areas. It is uncommon in the Amazon and in Atlantic Rainforest.

REMARKS

Jacquemontia evolvuloides varies widely in the habit, leaf shape and density of the indumentum. Regarding the habit, mature plants with secondary growth only at the base of stems grow into subshrubs with voluble distal stems, but sometimes the plant can flower when very young, with almost erect habit. We observed a similar trend in other Convolvulaceae species, such as J.nodiflora (Desr.) G.Don , J.tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. , Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth ., and I. quamoclit L.

Density of the indumentum varies between individuals from dense to sparse. Stem trichomes may be only stellate, 3-radiate, with equal to subequal rays; intermixed 3-radiate trichomes with unequal rays (central ray longer than the lateral rays), or a combination between forked and rarely simple, basally thickened trichomes ( Fig. 2 ). Regardless of the fact that glandular trichomes are typical of J. evolvuloides , even these are lacking in some specimens as also observed by Robertson (1971). Leaf trichomes are stellate, 3-radiate, with equal or subequal rays, sometimes with glandular margin,and the density is very variable.

Leaf size varies between 1 to 5.5 cm long and the shape is generally ovate with cordate base, however they can also be truncate or obtuse at base. This morphological variation follows the wide distribution of this species in America. Brandegee (1903) observed that more robust plants grow in environments with abundant rainfall and in the shade (as those formerly recognized as J. agrestis ).

The material G00222066 was used to prepare the figure that appears in the original description ( Moricand 1838) and was chosen as the lectotype of Ipomoea evolvuloides .

Jacquemontia agrestis was recognized by Meisner (1869), who distinguished it from J.evolvuloides by its herbaceous stems,denser indumentum and larger leaves (2-4 cm long) with deeply cordate base. Austin (1982) and O’Donell (1953) already mentioned the overlapping characters between J. agrestis and J.evolvuloides .

Meisner (1869) recognized three varieties of J. evolvuloides : a) Jacquemontia evolvuloides var. longepedunculata , an illegitimate name based on the same type of Ipomoea evolvuloides , McDonald (1993) had previously synonymyzed this variety under J.agrestis ; b) Jacquemontia evolvuloides var. brevipedunculata is synonymous with J.sphaerostigma , as annotated by O’Donell in 1952 on the holotype (BR), but not published; c) Jacquemontia evolvuloides var. tweediei is synonymous with J. heterotricha , as recognized by O’Donell (1950b).

Chodat & Hassler(1905) and Hassler (1911) described varieties and forms such as J. evolvuloides var. grandiflora f. albiflora , J. evolvuloides var. grandiflora f. tomentosula and J. evolvuloides var. grandiflora f. hirsutula , causing great confusion pertaining the status of these taxa. The analysis of the type materials brought us to the conclusion that these are all synonyms of J. evolvuloides .

Meisner (1869) also recognized Jacquemontia racemosa , and distinguished it from J. evolvuloides by cordate-ovate leaves with ondulate margins and racemose inflorescence. Study of the type material revealed a monochasial inflorescence (the racemes on the sheet actually belonging to a Lamiaceae stem around which Jacquemontia is entwined). We do not consider the characters proposed to separate J. racemosa and J. agrestis distinct enough to grant them recognition at specific level and propose their synonymization under J. evolvuloides . Moreover J. racemosa is an illegitimate name, as Meisner (1869) failed to combine C. breviacuminatus into Jacquemontia breviacuminata and created a new epithet instead ( Staples et al. 2015).

The name Jacquemontia decumbens is also considered a synonym of J. evolvuloides . O’Donell (1950c) used its prostrate habit, shorter and very sparse glandular trichomes, leaves not deeply cordate, and larger corollas as distinctive features, but even then, he was not totally convinced that this taxon was a good species, commenting that it might be a variety or a form. Anyway, these characters have proven to be too variable and insufficient to deserve taxonomic recognition.

Figures

FIG. 8. — A, B, Jacquemontia evolvuloides (photo: M. Pastore); C, D, Jacquemontia heterotricha (photo: H. Moreira); E, F, Jacquemontia sphaerostigma (photo: H.J.C. Moreira); G, H, Jacquemontia warmingii (photo: A.L.C. Moreira).

FIG. 3. — Isolectotype of Jacquemontia evolvuloides (P03848976).

FIG. 4. — Isotype of Jacquemontia hirsuta var. parvifolia (P03867994).

FIG. 5. — Isotype of Jacquemontia decumbens (P03848994).

FIG. 2. — Representative trichomes: A, simple trichome thickened at the base; B, forked trichome with a very short ray; C, 3-radiate trichomes with unequal rays; D, glandular trichome; E, 3-radiate trichomes with equal rays. Scale bars: A, B, C, 0,5 mm; D, E, 0,25 mm.