Iris koyuncui Fırat, 2016
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.263.1.5 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A887CB-8C5A-FFFB-FF68-FAC1FE6B4796 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Iris koyuncui Fırat |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Iris koyuncui Fırat View in CoL sp. nov. ( Figs. 2–3 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 )
Diagnosis: — Iris koyuncui clearly differs from I. pseudocaucasica in its height: 15–30 cm; bulb diameter: 2–5 cm; number of leaves: 4–7(–9); width of leaves: 2–4 cm; number of flowers: 1–2(–3); flower colour: purple to coppery.
Type: — TURKEY. C 10 Hakkâri: Şemdinli district, Bayazdağ Mountains (Cîyayê Spî), from Cîyayê Spî to Bêsele (Aktütün), Surunus region, rocky steppe oak openings, 1607 m, 37°21′52″ N, 44°27′01″ E, coll. 27 April 2011, M. Fırat 27308 (holotype VANF, isotypes NGBB, ANK, Herb. M. Fırat).
Description: — Plant 15–30 cm tall at anthesis. Bulb 4–6.5 cm × 2–5 cm, ovoid to elongate-ovoid; tunics brown to dark brown, papery, storage roots fleshy, not swollen. Leaves 4–7(–9), linear-lanceolate, ± fully developed at flowering time, 8–12 cm long, 2–4 cm broad at base, usually strongly falcate, glabrous, canaliculate, prominently and closely nerved, rather glossy green above, grey-green beneath with conspicuous, white, smooth margins. Stem 6–12 cm tall, 1–2(–3)-flowered, unbranched, usually short and mostly below ground at flowering time, but sometimes longer and with internodes evident, elongating somewhat in the fruiting stage. Bracts equal, tightly sheathing perianth tube, lower half straw-coloured, upper half green; outer bract 5.5–7 cm × 0.6–2 cm, lanceolate, green, membranous at margins, acuminate, slightly carinate; inner bract 5.7–7.1 cm × 0.5–2.2 cm, ovate or lanceolate, membranous in lower half and on margins, acute or acuminate, carinate. Flower purple to coppery, translucent, fading to brownish-purple or rust-coloured. Perianth tube 3.5–6 cm long. Falls (outer perianth segments) 4–6 cm long, claw (haft) winged, 2.7–3.6 cm long, 2.3–3 cm broad, lamina (blade) lingulate, 1.4–2 × 1.2–1.4 cm, crest prominent, undulate, yellow, surrounded by a narrow to ovate yellow zone, white-edged, and on the midrib to claw below, a band of yellow, 2–3 mm wide, with brownish dotting either side. Standards (inner perianth segments) patent or reflexed, 2–2.5 cm long, 0.2–0.5 cm broad, oblanceolate, entire, acute or ± trilobed with middle lobe acute and lateral lobes rounded and much shorter. Style branches 4–4.7 cm long, elliptic-oblong with the lobes 0.9–1.1 cm long, 0.5–0.8 cm broad; stigma bilobed. Stamens glabrous, 2.7–3.3 cm long; anthers 1.3–1.6 cm long; filaments 1.4–1.7 cm long. Capsule ellipsoid, 3.5–4 cm long, with long beak; seeds 0.5–0.6 cm, subglobose with a narrow wing at one end, reddish-brown, non-arillate. Fig.2 View FIGURE 2 .
Phenology: —Flowering in April.
Eponymy: —The new species is named after my dear teacher the Turkish botanist Prof. Dr. Mehmet Koyuncu, an expert on bulbous plants.
Distribution:— Iris koyuncui is endemic to Hakkâri Province (Colemerîk), Turkey. It is an element of the Irano-Turanian floristic region ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ).
Vernacular name: Iris koyuncui is called “Belalêzik” in Kurdish by the local people of Hakkâri Province.
Habitat and ecology:— Iris koyuncui grows in rocky areas, oak openings at c. 1500–2000 m, with other interesting plants such as Tulipa julia K. Koch , Bellevalia kurdistanica Feinbrun , Fritillaria pinardii Boiss. , Gagea confusa A. Terracc. , Quercus brantii Lindl. , and Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.
Red list assessment: —The distribution area of Iris koyuncui was less than 100 km 2 (approximately 10–20 km 2). The species was collected from two localities, and where it occurred, ca. 500 individuals were counted. It grows in clearings amongst oak. Some anthropogenic or grazing effects were observed on the population. Based on the above data, the IUCN (2014) red list category of I. koyuncui is suggested as “Critically threatened”, CR B1ab(i,ii,iii)+2ab(i, ii,iii).
Taxonomic relationships: — Iris koyuncui belongs to subgenus Scorpiris , section Juno . With the new species, the number of Turkish Iris species amounts to 51, 9 belonging to subgenus Scorpiris , section Juno .
Iris koyuncui and the similar I. pseudocaucasica , grow in different habitats. Iris koyuncui grows in rocky terrain and oak clearings, but I. pseudocaucasica is a plant of screes and rocky mountain steppe. Iris koyuncui differs from I. pseudocaucasica in height: 15–30 cm [not 6–12(–20) cm] tall; bulb size: 2–5 cm (not 1–2 cm) diameter; leaves: 4–7(– 9), 8–12 cm long, 2–4 cm broad [not 3–4(–6), 4–18 cm long, 0.8–2.8 cm broad]; leaf margins: smooth (not scabridciliate); bracts: equal (not subequal); flowers: 1–2(–3), purple to coppery, fading brownish-purple to rust-coloured (not 1–4, yellowish-green, dirty bluish or azure, yellowish-azure); outer perianth segments: 4–6 cm long, claw winged, 2.7–3.6 cm long, 2.3–3 cm broad (not 2–2.5 cm long, 1.6–2.2 cm broad); style branches: 4–4.7 cm long (not 2.7–3.5 cm long) ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ).
Iris koyuncui differs from I. aucheri in height: 15–30 cm (not 15–40 cm) tall; bulb size: 2–5 cm (not 2.5–3.5 cm) diameter; leaves: 4–7(–9), 8–12 cm long, 2–4 cm broad (not 5–12, 15–25 cm long, 2.4–4.3 cm broad); leaf margins smooth (not conspicuous); bracts almost equal (not equal); flowers 1–2(–3), purple to coppery, fading to purplishviolet, brownish to rust-coloured (not 3–6, deep blue to nearly white); outer perianth segments 4–6 cm long, claw winged, 2.7–3.6 cm long, 2.3–3 cm broad [not 4–5.5(–6) cm, (1.7–)2.5–3.5] cm long, 2–2.2 cm broad); style branches 4–4.7 cm long (not 3.5–5 cm long) ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ).
Additional diagnostic characters among Iris koyuncui and the related species I. pseudocaucasica and I. aucheri are provided in Table 1.
Other specimens examined:— Iris koyuncui . TURKEY. C10 Hakkâri: Şemdinli district, from Haruna pass to Şapatan pass, Sêvaxale region , rocky and oak openings, 1662 m, 37°22′47″ N, 44°31′58″ E, 30 April 2006, M. Fırat 9871 (Herb. M. Fırat). — Iris pseudocaucasica . TURKEY. B9 Van: from Hoşap to Başkale, Güzeldere pass, screes and in rocky mountain steppe, 2653 m, 38°11′41″ N, 43°54′29″ E, 1 June 2006, M. Fırat 9912 (Herb. M. Fırat) GoogleMaps ; Van: Çuh pass, Hoşap to Başkale , c. 3000 m, Rix 1961 ( K!). C9 Siirt: Şirvan district , blow Akyamaç village , 950 m, Güner 1602 ( HUB!) ; neer Demirkapı, 950 m, Güner 1627 ( HUB!) ; Pervari district, Ozin region 2000 m, 22 May 2011, M. Fırat 28315 ( Herb. M. Fırat ). — Iris aucheri . B7 Elazığ: 3 km from Maden to Ergani, T. Baytop ( ISTE 34435 About ISTE !). B7 /8 Diyarbakir: Diyarbakir to Ergani, Leylek station , 800 m, Güner 1629! ( HUB!). B8 Siirt: Sason, Karataş on Halkis Da. above Şeyham village , 1300 m, Güner 1529 ( HUB!). B9 Van: Bahçesaray, from Serkani to Sündüs palateau, rocky humit steppe, 2 April 1999, M. Fırat 1006 (Herb. M. Fırat) ; Siirt: Şirvan, neer Demirkapi, 1500m, Güne r 1626! ( HUB!). C9 Siirt: Eruh, near Üzüm1ük, 1100 m, Güner 1625 ( HUB!) ; Pervari district, Ozin region 1800 m, 17 April 2006, M. Fırat 9512 ( Herb. M. Fırat) ; Hakkâri: Hakkâri near Kaval, 1300 m, Güner 1668 ( HUB!). C10 Hakkâri: Şemdinli, Ümit Tepesi , 1700 m, T. Baytop ( ISTE 26070 About ISTE !) ; Hakkâri: Şemdinli, Haruna pass, 1800 m, 10 April 2006, M. Fırat 9321 ( Herb. M. Fırat) .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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