Ipomoea tiliifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg.

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

418. Ipomoea tiliifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 229. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 229)

Convolvulus tiliifolius [" tilaefolius "] Desr. in Lam., Encycl. 3: 544. 1792. (Desrousseaux 1792: 544). Type. Maurice [MAURITIUS]. Commerson s.n. (holotype P-LAM-00357542, isotypes G, MPU).

Rivea tiliifolia (Desr.) Choisy , Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 6: 407[25]. 1834. (Choisy 1834: 407[25]).

Amphione tiliifolia (Desr.) Raf. , Fl. Tellur. 4: 79. 1836 [1838]. (Rafinesque 1838a: 79).

Argyreia tiliifolia (Desr.) Wight , Icon. Pl. Ind. 4 (2): 12, t 1358. 1848. (Wight 1848: 12).

Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 159. 1894 [pub. 1893]. (Hallier 1893b: 159).

Ipomoea benghalensis Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 229. 1819. (Roemer and Schultes 1819: 229). Type. INDIA. Heyne s.n. (wherabouts unknown, possibly B†).

Convolvulus gangeticus Roxb., Fl. Ind. , 2: 46, 1824. (Roxburgh 1824; 46), nom. illeg., non Convolvulus gangeticus L. (1756). Type. INDIA. River Ganges, (lectotype Roxburgh Icon no. 1793 (K), designated here).

Ipomoea gangetica (Roxb.) Sweet, Hortus Brit. , ed. 2: 288. 1830. (Sweet 1830: 288).

Ipomoea pulchra Blume , Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 716. 1826. (Blume 1825-26: 716). Type. INDONESIA. Moluccas, C.L. Blume 297 (holotype L0004259).

Convolvulus melanostictus Schltdl. , Linnaea 6: 737. 1831. (Schlechtendal 1831: 737). Type. U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS. St Thomas. C. Ehrenberg s.n. (holotype HAL0037540).

Ipomoea campanulata var. illustris C.B. Clarke , Fl. Brit. India 4: 211. 1883. (Clarke 1883: 211). Type. MYANMAR. C. Parish s.n. (lectotype K000830812, designated here).

Ipomoea campanulata auct., non L.

Type.

Based on Convolvulus tiliifolius Desr.

Description.

Twining liana to c. 12 m in height; stems densely white-pubescent/floccose when young, glabrescent, somewhat woody when old. Leaves petiolate, 5-15 × 4.5-15 cm, suborbicular to subreniform, apex rounded to retuse, sometimes mucronate, base cordate with rounded auricles, adaxially pubescent to puberulent, grey-green, abaxially dotted with dark glands, densely and softly white-pubescent when young, somewhat glabrescent and becoming greenish; petioles 5-15 cm, densely pubescent. Inflorescence of solitary (rarely 2-3) pedunculate flowers from the leaf axils; peduncles 1-9 cm, pubescent, somewhat glabrescent; bracteoles caducous; secondary peduncles 2-3 mm, white tomentose; pedicels 8-20 mm, elongating to 2.5 cm in fruit, shortly white-tomentose; sepals subequal, pubescent, broadly ovate, suborbicular, 11-15 × 11 mm, markedly accrescent in fruit to 40 × 35 mm and somewhat glabrescent; corolla 5.5-9 cm long, funnel-shaped, pink, pubescent towards the tips of the midpetaline bands; limb weakly lobed, 4.5-5 cm diam. Capsules 1.5-2 × 2-2.5 cm, compressed globose, indehiscent, enclosed by accrescent sepals; seeds ellipsoid, 9 × 6 mm, shortly but densely puberulent to subtomentose.

Illustrations. Figures 9H , 11P , 190A ; Austin (1975b: 217) as Stictocardia campanulata ; Liogier (1994: 113); Bosser and Heine (2000: 23); Deroin (2001: 151) all as Stictocardia tiliifolia .

Distribution.

Native of tropical Asia but long naturalised throughout the tropics, particularly on the shores of oceanic islands. In the New World reported as well-naturalised in the Galapagos Islands and near the sea in Central America and on some Caribbean Islands as well as Hawaii. Some of the records below may be of cultivated plants.

ECUADOR. Galapagos Islands: T.W.J. Taylor 108 (K); G. Harling 5610 (S); U. & E. Eliason (S); H. Van der Werff 1282A (MO).

PANAMA. B.C. Seeman 174 (BM, K); J.F. Macbride 2614 (F, US).

COSTA RICA. Puntarenas, Isla de Coca, F.J. Quesada 1103 (BM, K, MO); ibid., Nicoya, B. Hammel 16796 (CR, MO).

NICARAGUA. W. Robleto 1603 (MO).

EL SALVADOR. La Libertad, R. Aparicio & R. Rivera 127 (MO).

GUATEMALA. Friedrichstahl s.n. (K).

UNITED STATES. Florida: J.K. Small & C.A. Mosier 6002 (K).

CUBA. E.L. Ekman 3720 (S); A.H. Liogier 14397 (NY).

HAITI. E.L. Ekman H5181 (S), H2923 (S).

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. E.L. Ekman H10929 (K, S).

PUERTO RICO. A. Liogier et al. 40410 (NY); F. Axelrod et al. 3326 (NY).

LESSER ANTILLES. U.S. Virgin Islands: St John, P. Acevedo-Rodríguez 3120 (MO, NY). U.K. Virgin Islands: Guana Island, G.R. Proctor 43448 (NY). Antigua: H.E. Box 1299 (BM). Montserrat: J.A. Shafer 64 (NY); G.R. Proctor 18931 (BM). Martinique: Hahn 628 (BM). Dominica: Imray 230 (K); C. Whitefoord 5400 (BM). Guadeloupe: A. Duss 2476 (NY); Marie Galante, G.R. Proctor 20264 (BM). St Lucia: sine data (BM). St Vincent: H.H. Smith 1610 (K, NY). Barbados: fide Gooding et al. (1965).

HAWAII. Faurie 1041 (BM); G.W. Barclay s.n. (BM).

Lectotypifiation.

There are no extant original specimens of Convolvulus gangeticus so we have selected Roxburgh’s painting (Icon no. 1793) as lectotype. This is preserved at Kew and can be seen online at http://apps.kew.org/floraindica/displayImages.do?index=1

Notes.

Ipomoea tiliifolia is a robust liana, usually with solitary pink flowers, pubescent on the exterior. The sepals are strongly accrescent around the large subglobose capsule. The dark glands on the abaxial leaf surface are also distinctive.

Ipomoea tiliifolia is the only representarive of the Stictocardia Clade found in the neotropics. It has usually been treated in a separate genus as Stictocardia tiliifolia based on the presence of gland dots on vegetative parts and the corolla, on the strongly accrescent sepals and by the separation of the fruit into exocarp and endocarp. The thin exocarp breaks up easily when dry leaving a lantern-shaped, 4-valved endocarp. Although this structure appears to be unique to species previously placed in Stictocardia , molecular studies do not support its retention as a separate genus. (Austin and Sebsebe Demissew1997, Ooststroom 1943, Muñoz-Rodríguez et al. 2019).

Figures

Figure 9. Pollen of Ipomoea species. A I. hieronymi (Wood et al. 28055) B I. wolcottiana (Hughes et al. 1911) C I. bonariensis (Wood et al. 27871) D I. bahiensis (Queiroz 15975) E I. maurandioides (Krapovickas & Cristobal 1573) F I. corymbosa (Jurgensen 612) G I. sericosepala (Wood 28122) H I. tiliifolia (Beddome 5581). Photos by Robert Scotland.

Figure 11. Seeds of Ipomoea A I. peteri B I. murucoides C I. carolina D I. eggersiana E I. longibarbis (with and without marginal hairs) F I. clavata G I. violacea H I. acanthocarpa J I. parvibracteolata K I. meyeri L I. jujuyensis M I. cholulensis N I. minutiflora P I. tiliacea. A from Wallnoefer & Tut-Tesucun 9662; B from Pringle 6066; C from Gillis 12906; D from Urote 35; E from Killeen et al. 4199; F from Fuentes & Miranda 10895; G from Stearn 322; H from Wurdack & Monachino 39830; J from Silva et al. 18; K from Smith 1573; L from Rose et al. 23251; M from Hinton 11166; N from Stevens & Montiel 26592; P from Curtiss 249. Drawn by Rosemary Wise.

Figure 190. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A I. tiliifolia B I. rubens C I. corymbosa D I. ochracea E I. peruviana F I. echinocalyx. A http: // tropical. theferns. info / B John Pink C John Wood D Starr Environmental E Maira Martinez F John Wood.