Hemicrepidius pallidipennis ( Mannerheim, 1843 )

Etzler, Frank E., 2020, A Revision of the Genus Hemicrepidius Germar, 1839 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) of the New World, with Comments on Global Classification, The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 18) 74, pp. 1-126 : 73-74

Hemicrepidius pallidipennis ( Mannerheim, 1843)

( Figs. 33a–e , 35a )

Athous pallidipennis Mannerheim 1843: 244 .

Hemicrepidius pallidipennis (Mannerheim) : Lane 1971: 25; Becker 1979a: 410; Bousquet 1991: 183; Bousquet et al. 2013: 184.

Asaphes oregonus LeConte 1861: 348 ; LeConte 1869: 371; Candèze 1863: 224 [not examined by Candèze]; Candèze 1891: 181; Horn 1880: 72.

Hemicrepidius oregonus (LeConte) : Leng 1920: 170; Schenkling 1927: 415; Lane 1952: 66; Hatch and Kincaid 1958: 14; Lane 1971: 25 (as synonym of H. pallidipennis ).

Diagnosis. Hemicrepidius pallidipennis can be distinguished from all other species of Hemicrepidius by the combination of a bicolored body with the elytra paler and contrasting with the pronotum, a curved prosternal process in lateral view, a broadly V-shaped frontal carina when viewed from the front, and an emarginate posterior margin of the hypomeron. It is quite unique for Hemicrepidius in the region and would not likely be confused with any other species.

Redescription. Length 7.0–11.0 mm, width 2.0–3.0 mm; body color dark brown to black, elytra contrasting with pronotum, yellow-brown, legs, basal antennomeres, posterior edge of pronotum, ventral edges of elytra, and edges of abdominal ventrites in many paler; integument shining. Setae moderately long, suberect, gray or yellow. Head: Punctures subumbilicate, nearly contiguous to separated by half a puncture diameter; frons weakly concave anteromedially when viewed dorsally; frontal carina broadly V-shaped, often interrupted medially by punctures when viewed from front, frontoclypeal region reduced to line or absent medially, frontal carina at most weakly projecting in lateral view; eyes moderately large, rounded and bulging, ocular index 70–89 (n = 3); antenna weakly serrate, antennomere 2 subcylindrical, antennomere 3 subcylindrical, 1.5× length of 2 and with similar punctation, antennomere 3 subequal in length to 4, antennomeres 4–11 about 3× longer than wide, each densely setose, antennomere 11 oval, antenna extending beyond pronotal posterior edge by 1–3 antennomeres. Prothorax: Pronotum as wide as long, widest at hind angles or just anterior of midlength; sides weakly arcuate to broadly arcuate, gradually narrowing on anterior half; hind angles almost subparallel in females, slightly divergent in males with sinuate lateral edge anterior of hind angle, dorsal carina present, thin, subparallel to lateral edge in most, a few with carina interrupted by punctures and appearing as vague ridge; punctures on disc smaller than punctures on head, appearing simple, separated by one to two puncture diameters on disc in females, half to one puncture diameter in males, longer distances between punctures not uncommon, punctures closer laterally, but scattered, separated by half a puncture diameter or less from majority of nearby punctures, impunctate areas common, lateral punctures larger and subumbilicate; posterior edge with sublateral notches, in most reduced and difficult to see below high magnification (50×). Hypomeron with subumbilicate punctures, similar in size to lateral pronotal punctures, usually nearly contiguous anteriorly and becoming much less dense posteriorly towards large impunctate area on posterior onefourth to one-third; posterior margin emarginate ( Fig. 33c ) with hind angle visible in lateral and ventral view, well projecting and truncate at tip. Prosternum with punctation slightly smaller than on hypomeron, appearing simple, separated by half to one puncture diameter throughout; anterior lobe slightly deflexed, short, almost truncate, not covering to partially covering ventral mouthparts; prosternal process slightly curved dorsad between procoxae in lateral view, narrow and sinuate past procoxae. Pterothorax: Mesoventral cavity with lateral edges sinuate, not visible anteriad of mesocoxae; posterior edge of cavity narrowly truncate. Metaventrite with punctures simple, much smaller than punctures on hypomeron, separated by one to two puncture diameters throughout. Scutellar shield elongate to roughly triangular, about twice as long as wide, broadly rounded posteriorly, sides weakly sinuate, dorsal surface weakly convex, anterior margin nearly straight, setae radiating from midline, similar in length and color to setae on pronotum and elytra. Elytral striae weakly impressed basally; interstriae flat to slightly convex, punctures small and dense giving wrinkled appearance; basal carina simple. Legs with lobe on tarsomere 3 largest, wider than tarsomere, lobe on tarsomere 2 moderate and narrow, lobes on tarsomeres 1 and 4 minute, visible only ventrally. Abdominal ventrites: Punctures simple, similar to punctures on metaventrite, separated by a half puncture diameter throughout; fifth ventrite broadly rounded; side of each ventrite with microserrations. Male genitalia ( Figs. 33d, e ): Parameres broadly and shallowly rounded laterally, pre-apical expansion acutely pointed laterally; apex of paramere broadly pointed, weakly membranous, setose ventral patch near pre-apical expansion with 3–5 dorsal apical setae. Median lobe narrow, subparallel, with narrowed apex; basal struts straight, directed laterally at 135-degree angle. Basal piece with membranous area broadly rounded medially.

Distribution. Specimens were examined from the following provinces and states: CANADA: BC; UNITED STATES: AK, CA, OR, WA ( Fig. 35a ).

Notes. The type of Athous pallidipennis was not examined, but I have no doubt about the identity of this species. The type is located in the Mannerheim Collection in what was once known as Zoological Institute, Helsinki, Finland (now Finnish Natural History Museum) ( Becker 1979a). It was previously examined by M. C. Lane before he made the synonymy of A. oregonus with H. pallidipennis ( Becker 1979a; Lane 1971). I have no reason to doubt this synonymy, and the species concept here matches the type of the synonym A. oregonus in the MCZC.

Hemicrepidius pallidipennis is quite similar morphologically to H. inornatus from Japan. These two species are likely sister species, as suggested by the CO1 molecular analysis shown in Fig. 3 . Hemicrepidius jacobsoni is another likely candidate for a related species.

No larvae have been associated with H. pallidipennis .

Types Examined. Of Athous pallidipennis : Holotype: Not examined; type locality Sitkha; type in Zoological Institute, Helsinki, Finland. Of Asaphes oregonus : Holotype: [dark blue disc]/ A. oregonus Lec. / type 2612/ oregonus #1; female; type locality Oregon; in MCZC. Paratype: [dark blue disc]/ oregonus #2; male; in MCZC.

LeConte Collection (1, MCZC). Van./ oregonus #3.

Horn Collection (5, MCZC). In A. oregonus tray: Vanc., #1; W.T., #2; W.T., #3; W.T., #4; W. T., #5.

Specimens Examined (158). CANADA: British Columbia: Dean River, 59°49’N, 126°46’W, Aug 20-25 1988, W. W. Middlekauf (1, CASC); Ft. Langley, VII-4-1986, N. M. Downie (1, FSCA); Fraz Val (1, MCZC); Growlers C., VIII-7-[19]29, D. Beall (1, FMNH); Massett, 1948, Graham Id[Island], Mrs. Clark (2, MCZC); Midday Val., Merritt/ VII-9-1921, Wm. Mathers (1, MCZC); Midday Val., Merritt, 23-VII-1924 (1, MCZC); Midday Val., Merritt, VII-15-[19]23, R. Hopping/ Pinus ponderosa (2, CASC; 1, SEMC); Midday Val., Merritt/ VII-28-[19]24, K. F. Auden/ Pinus ponderosa (1, CASC); Midday Val., Merritt/ VIII-2-1924, N. Cutler/ Pinus ponderosa (1, MCZC); Midday Val., Merritt, VIII-4-1924 / Pinus ponderosa (1, MCZC); Midday Val., Merritt, VII-14-1925, VII-17-1925, VII-22-[19]25, VII-24-1925, VII-14-1926, VII-25- 1926, VII-31-1926, Wm. Mathers/ Pinus ponderosa (2, CASC; 2, MCZC; 3, SEMC); New Westminster, Aug-1-1929, Owen Bryant (2, CASC [ Fig. 33b ]); New Westminster, 14-VII-[19]32, G. Hopping (1, CASC); Pender Harbor, VII-14-1920, R. T. Turner (1, CASC); Restmore, Hunter Cr., VII-20-1938 / Van Dyke Collection (1, CASC); Stanley, VII-28- 1932, W. Mathers (1, CASC); Steelhead, 17-VII- 1933, 26-VII-1933, 9-VIII-1933, H. B. Leech (3, CASC); North Vancouver, July-15-1952, A. Guppy (2, OSAC0000551314, OSAC0000551315); Vancouver, 14-VII-1932, G. R. Hopping & H. B. Leech (4, CASC); Vancouver, 8-30/ C. C. Hinte coll (1, BMNH); Vanc[ouver]; VII-2-[19]30, H. Leech (1, CASC); Vancouver, July 1954, W. Lassorko leg. (1, FSCA [ Fig. 33a ]); Van. I. (1, MCZC); Wigwam Inn, Burrard Inlet, VIII-2-[19]29, G. R. Hopping (1, CASC). UNITED STATES: Alaska: [Ketchikan Gateway Borough], Ketchikan, VIII-1-[19]24 (1, MCZC); Ketchikan, July-20-1959, Aug-8-1959, July-25-1960, July-28-1960, Frances Baker (6, OSAC0000342223, OSAC0000342225–OSAC0000342228, OSAC0000342230); [Borough?], Dolomi, 7-[19]02 (1, MCZC); [City and Borough of Wrangell], Wrangell, 7-30-[19]24 (1, MCZC). California: Humboldt Co., Orick, VII-24-[19]34/ Van Dyke Collection (1, CASC); Humboldt Co., Redwood Gorge/ Prairie Crk, VII-28-[19]35/ Van Dyke Collection (1, CASC). Oregon: [no data] (3, MCZC); Alder Ck./ Hood Loot, VII-9-[19]27, Darlington (1, MCZC); [Benton Co.], Corvalis [sic], Aug-17-[19]25 (1, CASC); [Clatsop Co.], Austoria, August-6-1938, coll. K. Grey and J. Schuh (2, FSCA); Cannon Beach, VII-17-[19]37/ Van Dyke collection (1, CASC); Gronnel Road, Elsie, Aug-1-1969 (1, OSAC0000850957); [Gilliam Co.], Arlington, 7-15-[19]31, M. W. Sanderson (1, SEMC); [Clackamas Co.], Colton, 7-[19]33/ coll. by E. S. Ross (1, CASC); Coos Co, Empire/ B. Mulvin, VIII-9-[19]41 (1, CASC); Eel Creek Forest Camp, Aug-12-1948, F. M. Fender (1, OSAC0000836974); Lane-Linn Co, H. J. Andrews Exp. For., 11 mi NE Blue River, Jully-31-1986, Aug- 14-1986 / Log Decomp study (3, OSACV0000445039, OSACV0000445040 [ Figs. 33d, e ], OSACV0000445041); [Lincoln Co.], Depoe Bay, V-[19]39/ K. Fender (1, CASC); Polk Co., Monmouth, Weibe, 20-Aug- 1998, ca. 300ft, K. Wetheril, beat sheet (1, OSAC0000836984);[Marion Co.], Silver Creek, VIII- 1-[19]49 (1, OSAC0000551327); Tillamook Co., Cape Lookout, Sept-10-1955, M. H. Hatch (1, OSAC0000836973); Barview, 23-Aug-[19]61 (1, SEMC); Upper Ten Mile, Aug-2-1931 (1, OSAC0000836982); [Yamhill Co.], Dayton, 23-VIII- 1941, K. M. & D. M. Fender (1, OSAC0000551319). Washington: [Clallam Co.], Bogachiel, Fst. Camp, Hwy 101 July-17-1956 / collector J. H. Butler (1, FSCA); Forks, VII-23-1933, J. Wilcox, col.(3, CASC); Olympic National Park, Hoh Ranger Sta., 22- VII-1961, E. S. Ross & D. Q. Cavagnaro, flying in low swarms over Hoh River (1, CASC); Olympic Nat. Forest Res., VIII-5-1911 / coll. by J. R. Slevin (1, CASC); [Grays Harbor Co.], Montesano, July-16- 1929 / Sweet from potato/ R. L. Webster collector (2, WSUC); Montesano, alt. 65 ft, July-15-1928, A. J. Hanson, colr.(4, WSUC); Hoquiam,7-23-[19]31, R. H. Beamer (1, SEMC); Hoquiam, Aug-9-1944, M. J. Forsell (1, OSAC0000551284); [Jefferson Co.], Quilcene/ 16 Au [19]10 (1, WSUC); Quilcene, July- 25-1935 (1, OSAC0000551273); King Co., West Tiger Mtn NRCA, Tradition Plateau, 600 ft, 47°31’48”N, 121°59’26”W, 25-July-5-Aug-2003, 5- 26-Aug-2003 [ Fig. 33c ], A. S. Ramsdale colr., F.I.T., Thuja - Acer -Pseudotsuga forest (8, MTEC; DNA— MTEC023690, MTEC023691); Bothell, VII-20-1939 (1, OSAC0000551243); Cedar Falls, 6-28-[19]31, Art Crews (1, WSUC);); Issaguah, M. Braun No., VII-20- 1969, VII-29-1969 (2, WSUC); Kirkland, July-17- 1938, M. H. Hatch (1, OSAC0000551253); Northbend, July-10-1920 / Van Dyke Collection (3, CASC); N. Bend, VII-28-[19]27, Darlington (2, MCZC); 14 mi E. Northbend, VII-28-1968 / R. L. Westcott collector (1, CASC); Seattle, Thornton Ck., 30-8-1985, Don Frechin (1, WSUC); Seattle, 5-28-1 (1, OSAC0000551241); [Mason Co.], Lk. Cushman, 9-Aug-1922, P. G. Putnam (1, WSUC); Pierce Co., Electron, VII-21- [19]36/ Van Dyke Collection (5, CASC); Mt Ranier NP, pool, 3.2 mi NE Sunshine Pt Cmpgrd, VII-18- 1979, R. S. Zack collr. (2, WSUC); Longmires, Ranier N. Pk, VII-27-1920, VII-12-[19]36, VII-13- [19]36/ Van Dyke Collection (6, CASC); Paradise Park, Alta. 6000ft / Mt. Ranier, VII-14-31-[19]05, Coll. by Van Dyke (1, CASC); Tacoma (1, MCZC); Tacoma/ Van Dyke Collection (1, CASC); Tacoma/ U. S., 1907–156./ Ex Coll. Wickham (1, BMNH); [Pacific Co.], Ilwaco, North Head, Aug-11-1954, M. H. Hatch (1, OSAC0000551290); Nahcotta, August-18-1953 (1, OSAC0000551298); South Bend/ 8-1-[19]57, J. Keefe (1, CASC); [Skagit Co.,], Conway, 7-28-[19]31, J. Nottingham (1, SEMC); Snohomish Co., Alderwood Manor, Jul-16-1949,M.H.Hatch (1, OSAC0000551256); Everett, Jul, July-12, Wickham (2, CASC; 1, MCZC); Everett,Lk.Stephens, Aug-3-1917, A.L.Melander (2, WSUC); Everett,Jul-[19]12, Wickham (7, MCZC); Index, Aug-2-1917, A. L. Melander (1, WSUC); Monroe, VII-4-15-[19]05/ Van Dyke collection (1, CASC); Sultan, Aug-1-1917, A. L. Melander (1, WSUC); [Thurston Co.], Olympia (1, MCZC);[Whatcom Co.], Birch Bay, VIII-2-1964 (1, OSAC0000302825); Glacier, VII-26-1964 (1, OSAC0000302823);Silver Lake, VIII-16-1964, L. Russell (2, OSAC0000302821, OSAC0000302822); [Yakima Co.], Horsetail Falls, VIII- 9-[19]48(1,OSAC0000551320). WashingtonTerritory: [no data] (2, MCZC).

Figures

Fig. 33. Hemicrepidius pallidipennis. Dorsal habitus: a) Male, b) Female. c) Pronotum, lateral view. Male genitalia: d) Dorsal view, e) Ventral view. Scale bars: 5 mm (a, b), 1 mm (c–e).

Fig. 35. Distribution maps of examined Hemicrepidius specimens (blue/gray dots). a) H. pallidipennis, b) H. palpalis.

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood tree of CO1 barcode region. Values shown are ultra-fast bootstrap values. Branches with values below 80% are collapsed. Only selected basal branches and Hemicrepidius values are given. Blue clades represent Athous species. Green clades represent species in the Limonius group of genera (Etzler 2019). Purple clades represent genera in Dendrometrini (Cate 2007). Red clade represents Hemicrepidius species. Black clades are remaining groups. Blue arrows indicate Central American species removed from Hemicrepidius and placed into Athous. Scale bar represents 7% genetic variance. Taxa and groups given in Tables 1 and 2.