Heladena A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.

de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor & Pellegrini, Marco O. O., 2024, A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry, PhytoKeys 242, pp. 69-138 : 69-138

2.5. 3. Heladena A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 2, 13: 321. 1840.

Figs 8 D , 10 O

= Henlea Griseb. , Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 9: 37. 1860, syn. nov., nom. illeg., non Henlea H. Karst. ≡ Henleophytum H. Karst. , Fl. Columb. 1: 158. 1861. Type species: Henleophytum echinatum (Griseb.) Small [≡ Heladena echinata (Griseb.) R. F. Almeida & M. Pell. ].

= Malpigiantha Rojas Acosta , Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrientes: 55. 1897. Type species: Malpigiantha volubilis Rojas Acosta [= Heladena multiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Nied. ].

Type species.

Heladena multiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Nied.

Notes.

Similar to Dinemandra and Dinemagonum , Heladena and Henleophytum are strongly supported as sister by molecular data, being exclusively distinguished by their fruit morphology ( Heladena having smooth mericarps and Henleophytum having setose mericarps). However, both genera share unique stalked peltate sepal glands, added to hairy petals, weakly coherent but soon separating styles, and stigmas elliptic and geniculate. Thus, we also propose the expansion of Heladena to include two currently accepted species (one threatened species; Suppl. material 1) of lianas endemic to the seasonally dry tropical forests of Cuba, Antilles, Central America, and South America ( Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay) ( POWO 2024).

Figures

Figure 8. Sepals, glands, and petals of Malpighiaceae flowers A sepals with rounded apex of Hiptage benghalensis and sessile sepal gland B sepals with acute apex of Christianella multiglandulosa and sessile sepal glands C sepals with acute apex of Byrsonima gardneriana and sessile sepal glands D stalked sepal glands of Heladena multiflora E white petals of Acmanthera latifolia F pale yellow glands of Bunchosia glandulifera G yellow glands of Mcvaughia sergipana H pale green glands of Bronwenia megaptera I green glands of Camarea axillaris J yellow and deflexed petals of Byrsonima sericea K white glands of Acmanthera parviflora L pink glands of Heteropterys rubiginosa M brown glands of Amorimia pellegrinii N red glands of Niedenzuella poeppigiana O yellow and patent petals of Ptilochaeta bahiensis P oval petal limb of Galphimia gracilis Q elliptic petal limb of Heteropterys oberdanii R obovate petal limb of Bronwenia megaptera S pubescent petal surface of Diplopterys bahiana T orange-red petals of Tetrapterys phlomoides U entire margin of the petal of Heteropterys oberdanii V erose margin of the petal of Bronwenia megaptera W fimbriate margin of the petal of Schwannia schwannioides X dentate margin of the petal of Peixotoa hispidula Y glandular-fimbriate margin of the petal of Alicia anisopetala Z lilac petals of Mascagnia lilacina (A, C, F – H, I, J, L – S, U – W by R. F. Almeida; B, N, T, Y by M. O. O. Pellegrini; D by A. Francener; E by R. Goldenberg; Z by O. J. A. Ayala).

Figure 10. Types of fleshy fruits, nuts, and smooth to setose schizocarpic fruits in Malpighiaceae A transversely sliced drupe of Bunchosia maritima showing seeds B transversely sliced nut of Dicella nucifera showing the seed C nuts of Dicella bracteosa D nuts of Dicella macroptera E green drupe of Byrsonima blanchetiana F cream-coloured drupe of Byrsonima ligustrifolia G green drupe of Byrsonima melanocarpa with concrescent sepals H orange drupe of Bunchosia glandulifera I orange drupe of Bunchosia maritima J red drupe of Malpighia glabra K reddish-orange drupe of Malpighia mexicana L green drupe of Malpighia fucata M green and twisted drupe of Mcvaughia sergipana N striated drupe of Burdachia prismatocarpa O smooth mericarp of Heladena multiflora P smooth mericarp of Galphimia gracilis Q smooth and immature mericarp of Verrucularina glaucophylla R green and smooth mericarps of Acmanthera latifolia S smooth mericarps of Thryallis longifolia with concrescent sepals T setose mericarps of Tricomaria usillo U setose mericarps of Lasiocarpus ferrugineus V setose mericarp of Camarea axillaris W setose mericarp of Echinopterys eglandulosa (photographs A, B by Amaury Jr.; C, D by A. Assis; E, H, I, M, Q, V by R. F. Almeida; F by S. E. Martins; G by N. Bigio; J by P. Acevedo-Rodriguez; K, L by M. R. Pace; N by L. S. B. Calazans; O by A. Francener; P by M. O. O. Pellegrini; R by R. Goldenberg; S by J. V. Santos; T by I. Specogna; U by A. Nuno; W by S. Carnaham).