Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) primaensis, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo & Brown, George Gardner, 2012

Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo & Brown, George Gardner, 2012, New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil, Zootaxa 3458, pp. 59-85 : 71-72

Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) primaensis n. sp. Bartz & James

( Fig. 3 c,d)

Holotype. COFM BRPR 0069 adult (amputated), swampy grasssland, Oliveira Farm, Primeiro de Maio, Paraná, Brazil; 22º50.85’S, 51º04.74’W, 351 masl, 12 April 2004, G.G. Brown and N.P. Benito colls.

Paratype. COFM BRPR 0037 one preclitellate, swampy grasssland, Oliveira Farm, Primeiro de Maio, Paraná, Brazil; 22º50.85’S, 51º04.74’W, 351 masl, 12 April 2004, G.G. Brown and N.P. Benito colls.

Other material. COFM BRPR 0033 two preclitellates and MZUSP 1404 one adult (amputated) and one preclitellate, swampy grasssland, Oliveira Farm, Primeiro de Maio, Paraná, Brazil; 22º50.85’S, 51º04.74’W, 351 masl, 12 April 2004, G.G. Brown and N.P. Benito colls.

Etymology. The species is named for the municipality where it occurs (Primeiro de Maio).

Description. Dimensions: Holotype amputated by 5.5 mm at x, 6.0 mm at clitellum, 5.0 mm at xxx; paratype 170 mm by 5.6 mm at x, 6.0 mm at xvii and 5.5 mm at xxx, 361 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae ab commence on ii–iii, cd on iii–iv, usually not on same segment. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 18:1:5:1 at xxx, DD> 1/2 circumference throughout. AA distance much narrower near male pores, gradually reducing from x–xv, then increasing xviii–xxv; either or both of ab setae present in xvi, xviii. Prostomium prolobous, post-setal secondary annulations present viii–xii, triannulate xiii–xv. Unpigmented, clitellum slightly yellowish. Ovipores post-setal, just above b in xiv; male pores 1.6–2.2 mm apart on xvii within paired round elevated porophores,. Clitellum saddle to just above b, xvi–xxv ( Fig. 3 d), xvi and xvii thicker than other segments. Nephropores just above b.

Septa 5/6 thin, 6/7–10/11 equally thick, muscular, 11/12 remaining septa membranous, septa 12/13/14 with white sac-like glandular investment anterior face of 12/13, posterior face of 13/14; 13/14 often with posterior bulges containing iridescent white material; posterior face of 12/13, anterior face of 13/14 coated with fine villous white material. Septa 12/13/14 united by circumesophageal membrane isolating villous interior from other septal contents of xiii, which are medial to membrane. Alimentary canal with large cylindrical gizzard in vi; esophagus with high lamellae in chevron pattern vii–ix, valvular in xiv, intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xv, end cclxxv, strongly zig-zag folded xv–xxii, zig-zag with ventral edge bent over to form pockets xxi, xxii–region of xxv–xxx, ventral margin straight, after xxv–xxx gradually becoming simple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, lenticular, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall; blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate center of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extraesophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.

Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands.

Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; medial to hearts of xi, pass narrow tubes to seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes in xiv, penetrate septa and range posteriorly along intestine to lv–lxiv; seminal vesicles simple elongate sacs with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia long, looped from xi, form dense zig-zag on body wall en route to ventro-lateral face of large long oval muscular copulatory bulbs, join bulbs at level of xiv–xv; bulbs extend over xv–xx but occupy septally-defined space of xvi, xvii. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body wall; lumen undulating in three dimensions; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs; bulbs with anterior, posterior apices attached by short stout muscles to body wall.

Remarks. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) primaensis is similar to Glossoscolex (G.) vizottoi Righi 1971 and G. (G.) giocondoi n. sp. (see below). The differences between G. (G.) primaensis and G. (G.) vizottoi are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 160 mm (130–438 mm), number of segments 306 (220–245), setae beginning between ii and iv (setae beginning in segment vii), setal ratios 18:1:5:1 (50:2.5:17.5:2), septa 12/13/14 with white sac-like glandular investment anterior face of 12/13, posterior face of 13/14 (no such development in septa 12/13/14), seminal vesicles simple elongate sacs (tubular, sinuous and very elongate), copulatory bulbs large, long and oval (thick tubular). Glossoscolex (G.) primaensis differs from G. (G.) giocondoi by: form of the clitellum saddle (annular), the form of the copulatory bulbs large, long and oval (small lenticular), last hearts in xi free (enclosed hearts in xi), testes sacs united ventrally (U shaped testes sacs). Glossoscolex (G.) primaensis has clitellar male pores in xvii. According to species groups defined for the subgenus Glossocolex by male pore location, G. (G.) primaensis falls in the truncatus group Cordero 1943; Righi 1978). (see also discussion).

Glossoscolex (G.) primaensis corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 23, as cited in Brown and James (2007a), Brown et al. (2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).

Figures

FIGURE 3. New species of Glossoscolex, continued. A, B. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) palus n. sp.. C, D. G. (Glossoscolex) primaensis n. sp. E, F. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) mariarum n. sp. FM = female pores; MP = male pores; A, C, E lateral view, B, D, F ventral view.