Geotragus himalayanus Boheman, 1845

Ren, Li, Alonso-Zarazaga, Miguel A. & Zhang, Runzhi, 2013, Revision of the Chinese Geotragus Schoenherr with description of three new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Zootaxa 3619 (2), pp. 161-182 : 176-180

Geotragus himalayanus Boheman, 1845

( Fig. 8 , 9 )

Geotragus himalayanus Boheman, 1845 , Gen. Spec. Curc., 8(2): 412.

Diagnosis. Geotragus himalayanus Boheman is allied to G. rugosus , but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: dorsal part of rostrum slightly smooth, not corrugated; preocular area without oblique impression.

Redescription. Male. Measurements (in mm): Standard length: 5.80; pronotal length: 1.80; pronotal width: 1.85; elytral length: 4.45; elytral width: 2.40; rostral length: 0.95; rostral width: 0.78.

Habitus and color ( Fig. 8 A, 8B): Integument dark brown to black, antennae reddish brown, legs dark brown; with coppery metallic yellowish brown to bronze scales, scales oval to irregular pentagon shape, moderately dense, contiguous but not overlapping; scales on dorsal surface of rostrum moderately dense, oval, on lateral surfaces of rostrum elongate oval; posterior half of antennal scrobes sparsely with elongate small scales; antennal scape with tiny lanceolate scales, sparse, desmomere without scales; pronotum with polygonal scales, moderately dense, with a wide stripe of lighter scales on each side of median sulcus; scales on elytra polygonal, moderately dense, dark scales forming irregular patches; scales on ventrites dense, large, round to elongate-oval from ventrites 1–5; legs densely covered by scales; body with subrecumbent to recumbent sparse, slightly thick and short setae; rostrum covered with subrecumbent thick setae; setae of antennal scape and desmomeres 1–7 long, fine and sparse; disc and lateral surface of pronotum with sparse, recumbent and curved setae; setae of interstriae lanceolate, sparse, curve and subrecumbent; setae on ventral surface fine, long and dense; setae of tibiae long and dense, femora with subrecumbent fine setae.

Head ( Fig. 8 C): Moderately convex, dorsal part not corrugated, punctures small and dense; eyes strongly convex, with a deep circumocular sulcus; frons moderately flat, finely corrugated, not higher than dorsal part of rostrum in side view.

Rostrum ( Fig. 8 C): In dorsal view, 1.22× length of wide, widest at base; base wider than frons; dorsal surface of rostrum depressed in basal 1/2, with a narrow and deep median sulcus, reaching vertex, along median sulcus, with several subparallel side sulci, short and shallow; posterior angle of epistome between 45° and 90°, with carina distinct; mandible scars rectangular; in dorsal view ventral margin of scrobes visible from apex to middle of rostrum; in lateral view, lateral surface flat between eyes and antennal scrobes, close to ventral margin of rostrum accompanied by subparallel deep and wide sulcus.

Antennae: Scape short, reaching middle of eyes, 0.77× length of funicle; desmomere 1 1.33× length of 2, both segments elongate clavate, apex of desmomere 1 rather stout, strongly narrowed toward base; desmomere 3 as long as 4, both segments elongate moniliform, 0.57× length of desmomere 2; desmomeres 5 and 6 equal in length, both segments moniliform and 0.92× length of desmomere 4; desmomere 7 1.36× length of and much wider than 6, moniliform; pubescence of desmomere 7 denser than desmomeres 1–6; club segment 1 1.53× length of 2, segment 2 0.75× length of 3; segment 3 with a marked annulus just beyong middle.

Pronotum: 0.97× as long as wide, almost isodiametric; anterior and posterior margin truncate; disc with a fine, shallow, incomplete median longitudinal groove, this only can be seen at posterior 3/4; posterior margin distinct carinate, wide; dorsal surface of pronotum with dense, large, round granules, space between granules not convex, each granule with one recumbent lanceolate seta on top; postocular vibrissae long.

Scutellum: Large , reddish black, apex broadly V-shaped.

Elytra: Base truncate; in lateral view moderately convex; in dorsal view, lateral margins clearly diverging from base to basal 1/4, then subparallel, reaching its greatest width nearly at mid length, thence strongly converging towards the apex, apex blunt, W-shaped; odd interstriae slightly more raised than even ones; interstria 1 moderately raised along basal 1/8, but not forming crest, slighty raised at declivity, top of declivity rounded in lateral view; interstria 3 much wider than remaining interstriae, distinctly raised and expanded at basal 1/4, forming a elongate crest, with elongate oval crest before declivity, much shorter than basal one; interstria 5 slighty raised behind basal 1/8, and forming a row of several small tubercles, more strongly raised at declivity, forming a cone-like tubercle; interstriae 3 and 9 coalescing, raised at declivity, forming a V-shaped tubercle on each elytron.

Abdomen ( Fig. 9 A): Surface of ventrite 1 depressed at middle and convex on lateral areas; suture I strongly bisinuate; ventrite 2 moderately convex medially, with apical transverse impression very shallow; mesal length of ventrite 1 1.33× length of 2, ventrite 2 1.2× length of 3 and 4 combined; ventrite 5 broadly parabolic, convex.

Metendosternite ( Fig. 9 B): Weakly sclerotized, stalk 0.39× length of furcal arms, trapezoidal and transverse, anterior part of longitudinal flange very short, only 1/3 as long as posterior; hemiductus very weak, slightly projected; anterior tendons positioned near apical of furcal arms, opposite to hemiductus; furcal arms thin, apically slightly bifurcate, diverging at nearly 45° in relation to longitudinal flange.

Legs: Protibiae bent inwards at apical 1/4, inner margin slightly bisinuate, outer margin slightly arcuate inwards at apical 1/4; inner margin of protibiae with 8–9 sharp and large teeth, each tooth with a spiniform seta just behind it; teeth of meso- and metatibiae sparse and much smaller than protibiae; protibial mucro moderately large, distinct, not covered by setae; tarsi slender; tarsomere 1 much longer and slightly wider than 2.

Male genitalia and terminalia: Sternite VIII ( Fig. 9 C) divided into two hemisternites, transversely oriented, crescent shape, with discal part slightly wider than lateral; each hemisternite laterally acuminate, anterior margin slightly sinuate, posterior margin arc shaped; dot-like sclerotizations of membrane between sternite VIII and IX absent. Sternite IX ( Fig. 9 C) with basal plate bilobed, irregular octagon; spiculum gastrale 0.72× length of penis, slender, more sclerotized at middle, basal 1/2 almost straight, slightly curved anteriorly. Penis ( Fig. 9 D, 9E) in dorsal view with tube 2.05 mm in length, ca. 3.8× length of wide, temones 1.41 mm long; lateral margins subparallel at middle, slightly diverging at ostium level, thereafter converging slightly rounded, apex ogival; in lateral view strongly curved, stout. Tegmen ( Fig. 9 F) 0.57× length of penis, with ring narrow, parameroid lobes developed, with basal 2/3 more sclerotized area triangular; tegminal apodeme slender, forming a Y-shape with basal piece, distal end of apodeme not expanded, rounded.

Variation. Males. Measurements (in mm): Standard length: 5.80–6.30; pronotal length: 1.80–1.95; pronotal width: 1.85–2.00; elytral length: 4.45–5.00; elytral width: 2.40–2.55; rostral length: 0.95–0.99; rostral width: 0.78–0.83.

Females. Measurements (in mm): Standard length: 7.00–7.70; pronotal length: 1.90–2.25; pronotal width: 2.15–2.55; elytral length: 5.30–6.20; elytral width: 3.30–3.70; rostral length: 0.95–1.00; rostral width: 0.98–1.03. Elytra much wider than male, pronotum more transverse than male, ventrite 5 ( Fig. 9 G) triangular, similar in length to ventrite 2. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 9 H) with spiculum ventrale “baseball bat”-like and anteriorly bifurcate; lamina tightly folded, in lateral view triangular with rounded apex, ventral margin slightly angulated at midpoint, strongly sclerotized. Ovipositor ( Fig. 9 H, 9I) with coxites shorter than sternite VIII, folded along middle, lateral margins strongly sclerotized, posteriorly slightly narrowed; styli relatively small, cylindrical, with two long setae inserted apically. Bursal sclerites ( Fig. 9 I) near the point of union of spermathecal duct and of oviduct, facing each other at middle, each sclerite in lateral view triangular with all three sides slightly curved inwards, dorsal surface of mesal area with several sharp spines. Spermatheca ( Fig. 9 J) with corpus rectangular; cornu elongate, strongly curved as narrow U-shaped, apically gradually narrowed, apex narrowly rounded; nodulus prominent, curved tube-like, subcontiguous with and angled almost 15° in relation to ramus; ramus oblong, prominent and moderately long.

Material examined. Types: 1Ƥ: (pink, printed): 9; (yellow, printed): 65; (white, handwritten): Geotragus / himalayanus Boh. ; (red, printed): Typus; (white, printed): Himalaya / Westerman; (yellow, printed): Naturhistoriska / Riksmuseet / Stockholm / Loan no 1053/05. Other materials: 2Ƥ: (white, printed): *+,- [Xīzàng Yàdōng] / 2800./ [Gōngchǐ] / [ Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn]; 1961. VI.6 [handwritten] /

0 1 [Cǎijízhĕ: Wáng Línyáo, printed]; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905007, IOZ(E) 905011. 434Ƥ: same data as 905007 except collecting date 1961. VI.7 and IOZ(E) 905008, IOZ(E) 905010, IOZ(E) 905017, IOZ(E) 905018, IOZ(E) 905013, IOZ(E) 905014, IOZ(E) 905021, IOZ(E) 905022. 1Ƥ: same data as 905007 except collecting date 1961. IX.9 and IOZ(E) 905023. 231Ƥ: (white, printed): *+,- [Xīzàng Yàdōng] / 2800./ [Gōngchǐ] /

[ Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn]; 1960. VII.25 [handwritten] / 23 [Cǎijízhĕ: Wáng Chūnguāng, printed]; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905009, IOZ(E) 905019, IOZ(E) 905006. 13: *+ [Xīzàng, printed],- [Yàdōng, handwritten] / [ Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn, printed]; 1981. VII.28 [handwritten] / 45 6 [Cǎijízhĕ: Chén Tàilǔ, printed]; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905025. 1Ƥ: same data as 905025 except collecting date 1981. VII.29 and IOZ(E) 905015. 1Ƥ: same data as 905025 except collecting date 1981. VII.30 and IOZ(E) 905026. 13: *+,- [Xīzàng Yàdōng, printed] / 789 [Āsāngcūn, handwritten] 2800./ [Gōngchǐ, handwritten] / [ Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn, printed]; 1975. V.30 [handwritten] /:; [Cǎijízhĕ: Zhāng Xuézhōng, printed]; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905024. 13: *+,- [Xīzàng Yàdōng, printed, only “ ” is handwritten] / 2800m [handwritten] / [ Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn, printed]; 1979. VII.15 [handwritten] /

[Cǎijízhĕ, printed]: <= [Gāo Píng, handwritten]; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905044. 33: *+,- 2900M [Xīzàng Yàdōng, handwritten] / 1979. V.27 [handwritten] / [ Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn, printed];>?@ AB [Píngguǒ Yuán Guànmù, handwritten] / [Cǎijízhĕ, printed]: P.905 [handwritten]; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905045–905047. 13: (white, printed): *+CDE [Xīzàng Rìkāzé] / 3800./ [Gōngchǐ] /

[ Zhōngguó Kēxuéyuàn]; 1961. VI.6 [handwritten] / 0 1 [Cǎijízhĕ: Wáng Línyáo, printed]; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905016. 13: 0F GH [ Zhōngguó Línyè Kēxué Yánjiūyuàn] / I [Cǎijídì, printed] *+,- [Xīzàng Yàdōng, handwritten] / 1978 8 26 [Chinese characters printed, Arabic numbers handwritten]; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905027. 133Ƥ: 0F GH [ Zhōngguó Línyè Kēxué Yánjiūyuàn] /

I [Cǎijídì, printed],- [Yàdōng, handwritten] / 1978 J 8 K 20 C [Chinese characters printed, Arabic numbers handwritten]; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905043, IOZ(E) 905028, IOZ(E) 905037, IOZ(E) 905041. 13: (white, printed except month and day handwritten): LMNFO PQR [Bĕijīng Nóngyè Dàxué Zhíbǎoxì] / * +,- [Xīzàng Yàdōng] / 2800./ [Gōngchǐ] / STU [Lǐ Fǎshèng] 1978-VIII-24; (white, printed): IOZ(E) 905042. 13: same data as 905042 except collecting date 1978-VIII-28 and IOZ(E) 905038. 634Ƥ: same data as 905042 except collecting date 1978-VIII-20 and IOZ(E) 905031, IOZ(E) 905033–905036, IOZ(E) 905039, IOZ(E) 905029, IOZ(E) 905030, IOZ(E) 905032, IOZ(E) 905040. 13312Ƥ: (white, printed): 2004-VII-1 / *+,-V [Xīzàng Yàdōng Xiàn] / WXY Z[\ [Bā Yìbīn, Shí Àimín] /]LO ^_`[Hébĕi Dàxué Bówùguǎn]. 2Ƥ: ditto, except collecting date 2004-VI-30. 1Ƥ: 2005-VII-16 / *+ab [Xīzàng Cháyù] / Z[\ [Shí Àimín] /]L O ^_`[Hébĕi Dàxué Bówùguǎn].

Materials, bearing Chinese characters “]LO ^_`” on the label, are preserved in the Entomological collections of Hebei University.

Distribution. China: Xizang (Chayu, Rikaze, Yadong); India: Sikkim. Altitudinal range of this species is from 2800-3800m. Chayu is a new locality record.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Habitus of Geotragus himalayanus Boheman, male: A dorsal view B lateral view C head, dorsal view. Scales: 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Geotragus himalayanus Boheman: A male ventrites, ventral view B male metendosternite, dorsal view C male sternite VIII and IX, dorsal view D penis, dorsal view E penis, lateral view F tegmen, dorsal view G female ventrites, ventral view H sternite VIII and female genitalia, lateral view I coxites, styli and bursal sclerites, dorsal view J spermatheca, lateral view. Scales: 0.5 mm.