Gemmula (Gemmula) cosmoi ( Sykes, 1930 )

Li, Baoquan & Li, Xinzheng, 2008, Report on the turrid genera Gemmula, Lophiotoma and Ptychosyrinx (Gastropoda: Turridae: Turrinae) from the China seas, Zootaxa 1778, pp. 1-25 : 5-7

Gemmula (Gemmula) cosmoi ( Sykes, 1930)

(Pl. 1, figs. 2-3)

Turris cosmoi Sykes, 1930: 82 , text-fig.

Gemmula congener cosmoi .— Powell 1964: 252, pl. 192.

Gemmula (Gemmula) cosmoi .— Kilburn 1983: 567, figs. 8, 14, 33–36; Cernohorsky 1987: 123 –134.

Material examined. ECS. 3 spms, CN F14B-31, 29 º30´N, 124º00´E, fine sand, 70 m, AT, 24. X. 1959; 1 spm, 30º00´N, 123º30´E, muddy sand, 60 m, 8. XII. 1959. Beibu Gulf. 1 spm, CN R10H-15, 20 º00´N, 108º30´E, 60.5 m, clay, AT, 4. XI. 1959; 1 spm, CN Y 51B-24, 19 º45´N, 108º00´E, 57 m, muddy sand, AT, 4. II. 1960; 1 spm, CN K255B-2A, 19º30´N, 108º00´E, 70 m, muddy sand, 14 X. 1960; 1 spm, CN Y 97B-71, 19 º45´N, 108º30´E, 62 m, muddy sand, AT, 18. IV. 1960; 1 spm, 19º00´N, 108º00´E, 58.9 m, 6. VII. 1960. SCS. 14 spms, CN K33B-16, 19 º30´N, 113º00´E, 180 m, muddy fine sand, AT, 21. IV. 1959; 1 spm, CN K164B-28, 20 º00´N, 113º30´E, 129 m, muddy sand, AT, 9. IV. 1960. Nansha Islands. 2 spms, CN SSBV 19- 9, 5 º35´N, 114º51´E, 206 m, AT, 29. VII. 1988; 4 spms, CN Ns2B-2, 5 º00´N, 110º00´E, 136 m, 6. XII. 1993; 19 spms, CN Ns5B- 6, 146 m, sandy mud; 5 spms, CN SSB2-6, 8 º30´N, 109º00´E, 143 m, 17. IX. 1994; 1 spm, CN Ns5B-6, 5 º30´N, 112º00´E, muddy sand, 146 m, 10. XII. 1993; 1 spm, CN SSBIV-, 5º00´N, 110º00´E, 167 m, AT, 5. V. 1987; 1 spm, CN SSAIV-3, 5 º16´N, 114º10´E, sandy mud, 173 m, 9. V. 1987; 2 spms, CN SSBV-9, 4 º55´N, 113º20´E, muddy sand & shell debris, AT, 1. VIII. 1988; 1 spm, CN SSBIV-27, 5 º30´N, 110º18´E, 167 m, AT, 15. V. 1987; 7 spms, CN SSB8-10, 5 º30´N, 110º30´E, 224 m, 22. IX. 1994; 2 spm, CN SSBII 25-17, 5 º40´N, 112º06´E, muddy sand, 170 m, AT, 31. VII. 1988; 14 spms, CN K33B-16, 19 º30´N, 113º00´E, muddy fine sand, 180 m, AT, 21. IV. 1959; 1 spm, CN K143B-41, 18 º30´N, 111º30´E, sandy mud, 182 m, AT, 11. IV. 1959.

Measurements (mm).

Distribution. East China Sea, Beibu Gulf, South China Sea and Nansha Islands; Philippines. Remarks. Powell (1964) considered this species to be endemic to Japan, and Kilburn (1983) reported this species also from Natal and Southern Mozambique. Cernohorsky (1987) extended the geographic range into Malagasy.

* Gemmula dampierana Powell, 1964 (Pl. 4, figs. 3-4)

Gemmula dampierana Powell, 1964: 248 , pl. 186, fig. 5; Kosuge, 1988: 118, pl. 47, figs. 1–2, 4–5; text-f. 1.

Material examined. SCS. 1 spm, CN SIII 11B-89, 21 º45´N, 114º30´E, silty mud, 62.4 m, AT, 11. VII. 1959; 1 spm, CN SIII 14B-74, 22 º15´N, 115º00´E, sandy mud, 42 m, AT, 13. VII. 1959; 1spm, CN SIII 5B-34, 21 º30´N, 114º00´E, silty mud, 75.5 m, AT, 10. VII. 1959; 1 spm, CN Q44B-47, 17 º30´N, 109º00´E, silty mud, 92 m, AT, 11. IV. 1959; 1 spm, CN N172-39, 19 º00´N, 111º30´E, sandy mud, 162 m, AT, 7. IV. 1960; 1 spm, CN S210B-50, 21 º30´N, 114º30´E, silty mud, AT, 8. IV. 1960; 1 spm, N181B-59, 20 º00´N, 111º15´E, silty mud, 50 m, BT, 9. IV. 1960; 1spm, CN S191B-16, 21 º30´N, 114º30´E, silty mud, 75 m, AT, 9. I. 1960; 1 spm, CN N147B-14, 18 º12´N, 109º45´E, sandy mud, 64 m, BT, 10. III. 1960; 1 spm, CN 10-32, 17 º30´N, 110º00´E, silty mud, 168 m, At, 28. I. 1959; 1 spm, CN N98B-98, 20 º00´N, 111º15´E, sandy mud, 44 m, AT, 29. X. 1959; 1 spm, CN Q118B-67, 22 º45´N, 116º00´E, fine sandy mud, 23 m, AT, 10. I. 1960; 1 spm, CN R36B-6, 18 º00´N, 109º30´E, muddy sand, 70 m, AT, 14. VII. 1959; 1 spm, CN N138B-67, 18 º30´N, 110º15´E, silty mud, 51.5 m, BT, 9. III. 1960; 3 spms, CN N48B-72, 21 º00´N, 108º30´E, silty mud, 35 m, AT, 20. IV. 1959.

Measurements (mm).

Distribution. South China Sea; Australia. Not previously recorded from China seas.

Remarks. The specimens are smaller in size than the holotype, and the numbers of whorls is 11.5, which is more than the 8 in the holotype. The other features exactly agree with Powell’s (1964) descriptions. Kosuge (1988) also reported this species from western coast of Australia.

* Gemmula (Gemmula) cf. diomedea Powell, 1964 (Pl. 4, figs. 1-2)

Material examined. SCS. 1 spm, CN N48B-49, 21 º00´N, 108º30´E, mud, 35 m, AT, 20. IV. 1959; 1 spm, CN K113B-80, 21 º00´N, 112º30´E, muddy sand, 55 m, AT, 16. XI. 1959; 1 spm, CN N169B-19, 20 º15´N, 111º30´E, sandy mud, 57 m, BT, 6. IV. 1960.

Measurements (mm).

Distribution. South China Sea; Philippines. Not previously recorded from China seas. The 35m depth of the present record represents the shallowest bathymetric record for the species.

Remarks. The three specimens agree with the previous descriptions and illustrations of most of the shell features of G. d i o m e d e a, although the anal sinus is different from that of the holotype of the species. Powell (1964) considered this species is an intermediate form between Gemmula (Gemmula) cosmoi ( Sykes, 1930) and G. congener ( E. A. Smith, 1894) , but these two forms were found in depths between 182–640m, much deeper than the present species.

* Gemmula flata sp. nov. (Pl. 1, figs. 5-6)

Type material. SCS. 1 spm, holotype, CN 7–20, 112 º30´E, 19º00´N, 472 m, A. T., Feb. 17 1959. Measurements (mm).

Length (mm) Width Aperture W/L A/L 31.5 11.0 17.3 0.35 0.55 Etymology. From flatus, Latin, means flat. The specific name is in reference to the rather flat-side profile to each whorl in the spire of the shell.

Diagnosis. Shell 31.5 mm in height, broadly fusiform, with tall, turreted spire and long straight canal; suture distinct, followed by a strong crested subsutural fold. With 11 whorls, including protoconch of 3 whorls, upper 1 or 2 nuclear whorls smooth, eroded to certain extent, remainder axially costate. Peripheral carina is low on the spire whorls.

Description. Shell 31.5 mm in height, solid, broadly fusiform; spire tall, slightly shorter than height of aperture plus canal; with 11 whorls, including protoconch of three whorls, upper one or two nuclear whorls smooth, eroded to certain extent, remainder with axial costae. Spire whorls sculptured with wavy spiral fold, followed by strong crested subsutural fold composed of three closely spaced cords, with central cord strongest. With about four to five crisp strong spirals on concave shoulder area, then a prominent gemmate bicarinate peripheral keel composed of two to three closely spaced cords. Gemmules vertically fused, about 38–50 gemmules per whorl. Peripheral carina set low on spire whorls, almost at lower suture, forming rather flatsided profile to each spire whorl with base contracted, forming relatively long anterior canal. Upper base with two strong spaced spiral cords, two to three fine intermediate cords between them, neck and anterior end with about 20 spaced cords, with fine intermediate threads. Outer lip thin, covered by extensions of spiral cords externally, sinus deep, U–shaped, situated on peripheral carina; inner lip smooth. Anterior canal moderately long, almost straight. Color uniformly buff.

Distribution. Only known from South China Sea so far.

Remarks. Powell (1964) noted a species complex namely “ Gemmula martini series”, including four species: G. m a r t i n i ( Tesch, 1915), G. aethiopica ( Thiele, 1925) , G. sibogae ( Schepman, 1913) and G. sibukoensis Powell, 1964 . Powell pointed out that the four species share the following character: “the peripheral carina is low on the spire whorls, almost on the lower suture, which results in a rather flat-sided profile to each whorl in spire”. Gemmula flata sp. nov. also has this character, and is similar in shell profile to the four species, should be a member of this complex. The new species can be easily distinguished from the other four species of the complex by the details of the shell sculpture, including the crisp spiral cords, strong crested subsutural fold, and the more concave spire whorls.