Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides, Harzhauser & Landau & Vermeij, 2024
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5470.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6A4270C2-D3F9-404F-91E7-4A73F2A99AE4 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/36508782-FFEF-DB1F-3288-778F08C3F8B2 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides nov. sp.
Figs 2L View FIGURE 2 , 4L View FIGURE4 , 18A–D View FIGURE 18
Fusus crispoides nob.—Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 251 (pars).
Pseudolatirus rothi ( Beyrich, 1856) View in CoL — Kovács 2022: 83, figs 61–65 [non Latirulus rothi ( Beyrich, 1856) ].
Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2023 View Materials /0338/0021, SL: 38.9 mm, MD: 15.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 18A View FIGURE 18 1 –A View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . Paratypes: NHMW 1870 View Materials /0033/0102, SL: 37.2 mm , MD: 15.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 18B View FIGURE 18 1 – B View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1870 View Materials /0033/0102, SL: 34.0 mm , MD: 13.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 4L View FIGURE4 , 18C View FIGURE 18 1 –C View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1870 View Materials /0033/0102, SL: 40.5 mm , MD: 13.1 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 18D View FIGURE 18 1 –D View FIGURE 1 2 View FIGURE 2 . NHMW 1868 View Materials /0001/0462, SL: 27.1 mm , MD: 11.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Fig. 2L View FIGURE 2 . 25 View FIGURE 25 spec. , NHMW 1854 View Materials /0035/0221, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) .
Type locality. Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Făget Basin .
Type stratum. Silt and clay of the Dej Formation.
Age. Middle Miocene, early/middle Badenian (Langhian).
Etymology. Combination of pseudo - (Ancient Greek for wrong) and crispoide s, referring to the similarity with Fraudifusinus crispoides ( Kittl, 1887) .
Diagnosis. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell with high spire, long siphonal canal, convex whorls and broad, widely spaced axial ribs overrun by prominent spiral cords, outer lip with moderately long, often paired lirae and two prominent denticles at transition to siphonal canal.
Description. Medium-sized, moderately slender fusiform shell of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle 40–45°. Protoconch high conical of 3.5 moderately convex whorls, diameter 1100 μm, height 1250 μm. Last protoconch whorl with few axial riblets close to transition to teleoconch. Early teleoconch whorls convex with deeply incised suture. Broad, prominent axial ribs overrun by three primary spiral cords. Later teleoconch whorls convex with weakly convex subsutural ramp bearing two secondary spiral cords and three prominent primary spiral cords below, overrunning broad, wide-spaced axial ribs. Primary cords often slightly swollen over ribs. Delicate spiral cord at abapical suture. Interspaces smooth or with up to three secondary spirals. Suture deeply incised, strongly undulating. Last whorl attaining 62–65% of total height, strongly convex, with seven to eight axial ribs; base strongly constricted; base and siphonal canal with prominent, convex primary spiral cords and one to four secondaries intercalated in interspaces; growth lines may be distinct especially in interspaces between primary cords; fasciole indistinct. Aperture moderately narrowly pyriform. Columellar callus forming broad, adherent rim, moderately delimited from base. Columella strongly excavated in upper half, slightly twisted at siphonal canal. Columella smooth or with up to two very faint columellar folds. Anal canal indistinct; no parietal denticle. Outer lip thickened by terminal varix, bearing 7–10 delicate lirae within, often paired, not extending deep within aperture; two denticles at transition to siphonal canal. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately narrow, straight, slightly deflected to the left, shallowly notched.
Discussion. This species was mixed with specimens of ‘ Fusus’ crispoides in the collections of the NHMW and Hoernes & Auinger (1890) also referred to this material in their description of F. crispoides . Despite some similarity, Fraudifusinus crispoides differs from Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides in its shouldered whorls, broader subsutural ramp, incised anal canal with prominent parietal denticle, and the prominent denticles on the columella. As discussed above, it is smaller than F. grundensis nov. sp, with narrower axial ribs.
Paleoenvironment. Unknown, found in shallow marine and deeper water assemblages.
Distribution in Central Paratethys. Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus ( Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890; Kovács 2022).
Genus Pseudofusus Monterosato, 1884
Type species. Murex rostratus Olivi, 1792 , subsequent designation by Crosse (1885: 141). Pliocene to Present-day, Mediterranean Sea.
Original diagnosis. No diagnosis was provided by Monterosato (1884: 117).
Revised diagnosis. Medium-sized, slender to moderately slender shells. Teleoconch whorls convex or distinctly shouldered with broad subsutural ramp. Axial ribs prominent, often weakening on subsutural ramp. Spiral sculpture on spire whorls with two prominent spiral cords and variable number of secondary cords. Spiral cord along shoulder usually most prominent, often forming keel. Intersections of spiral cords and axial ribs typically forming axially elongate nodes of variable strength. Base rapidly contracting. Aperture pyriform with moderately excavated columella, slightly twisted at transition to siphonal canal. Weak columellar denticles may be present [e.g., Pseudofusus buzzurroi ( Prkić & Russo, 2008) View in CoL ]. Parietal denticle may be present. Outer lip smooth or with more or less prominent lirae. Siphonal canal long, narrow, straight.
Synonyms. Aegeofusinus Russo, 2017 View in CoL , type species Fusinus margaritae ( Buzzurro & Russo, 2007) View in CoL . Gracilipurpura sensu Vermeij & Snyder (2018: 71) View in CoL not Jousseaume (1880: 335). Vermeij & Snyder (2018: 71) tentatively synonymised Carinofusus Ceulemans, Landau & Van Dingen, 2014 View in CoL (type species Clavella neogenica Cossmann, 1901 View in CoL , Pliocene, NW France) with Gracilipurpura (Pseudofusus) saying the type species represented an extreme variation. That is an understatement to say the least. Carinofusus View in CoL looses its axial sculpture completely early in ontogeny, spiral sculpture is very weak, it has an extremely strong shoulder carina without nodes, the terminal callus is not developed, and two parietal folds as opposed to a denticle. Considering this species a highly derived Pseudofusus View in CoL is conjectural as there is no Pseudofusus species approximating the shell features of Carinofusus View in CoL . We remove if from the synonymy of Pseudofusus View in CoL .
Discussion. Vermeij & Snyder (2018: 71) placed species of Pseudofusus in Gracilipurpura Jousseaume, 1880 , assuming that Fusus strigosus Lamarck, 1822 (= Murex rostratus Olivi, 1792 ) would be the type species. According to Fassio et al. (2022: 633), Jousseaume (1880) had misidentified the type species (as governed by ICZN Art. 70), which in fact is an Ocinebrinae.
Pseudofusus comprises numerous endemic species in the Mediterranean Sea. Fassio et al. (2022) included 22 species in Pseudofusus and MolluscaBase eds. (2023) lists 23 extant species in that genus. Our data suggest that Pseudofusus experienced a first radiation already during the Middle Miocene.
We note that Pliocene and extant species are charcterised by paucispiral protoconchs whereas the Miocene species from the Paratethys Sea developed multispiral protoconchs. This might be an example for the loss of planktotrophy as discussed by La Perna (1996).
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Museum Donaueschingen |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides
| Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Vermeij, Geerat J. 2024 |
Pseudolatirus rothi ( Beyrich, 1856 )
| Kovacs, Z. 2022: 83 |