Ficus triloba Buch.

Turner, Ian M., 2022, FROM ACACIA TO ZIZIPHUS: PLANT NAMES COMMEMORATING THE BOTANIST WILLIAM ROXBURGH, Edinburgh Journal of Botany 79 (1911), pp. 1-102 : 49-51

Ficus triloba Buch. -Ham. ex Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 284 (1845). – Ficus hirsuta

Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 528 (1832), nom. illegit., non F. hirsuta Schott (1827) . – Ficus hirta var. triloba (Buch.-Ham. ex Voigt) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 627 (1891). – Type [unpublished illustration] Icones Roxburghianae 2367 (lectotype K, designated by Lu et al., Phytotaxa 261: 131 [2016]).

Ficus roxburghii Miq., London J. Bot. 7: 456 (1848), nom. illegit., non F. roxburghii Wall. (1840) . – Ficus hirta var. roxburghii King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1(2): 150

(1888). – Ficus hirta Vahl subsp. roxburghii (King) Berg, Blumea 48: 537 (2003). – Ficus simplicissima Lour. var. roxburghii (King) Hong Qing Li & J.Lu, Phytotaxa 261: 131 (2016). – Type: Sillet, F. de Silva s.n. [EIC 4491B] (lectotype K [K000880197], designated here; isolectotype K-W [K001039138]).

Separately, Voigt and Miquel tried to provide a legitimate name for a fig species that Roxburgh described as both Ficus hirsuta Roxb. and Ficus hirta Vahl. Miquel’s Ficus roxburghii was later than Voigt’s Ficus triloba and was also a later homonym. I follow the lead of Lu et al. (2016) in typifying these names. They successfully designated a lectotype for Ficus triloba but referred to a holotype for F. roxburghii , when clearly the specimen was not the only element used by Miquel in preparing his description. I designate this specimen as lectotype of Ficus roxburghii Miq.

Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 291 (1805). – Scirpus ferrugineus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 50 (1753). – Type: Herb. van Royen s.n. (lectotype L [ L0052731 ], designated by Adams, Taxon 53: 180 [2004]) .

Fimbristylis roxburghii A.Dietr., Sp. Pl. , ed. 6, 2: 162 (1824). – Type: [unpublished illustration] Icones Roxburghianae 745 (lectotype K, designated here).

Dietrich based Fimbristylis roxburghii on Roxburgh’s description of Scirpus globulosus . Roxburgh’s drawing of this plant in K is here designated as lectotype for Dietrich’s name as no herbarium material has been located.

Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R.Br., Pterocymbium 235 (1844). – Sterculia colorata Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: 26, t. 25 (1795). – Erythropsis roxburghiana Schott & Endl., Melet. Bot. : 33 (1832), nom. illegit., superfl. – Type: Ind. Or., W. Roxburgh s.n. (lectotype LINN [LINN-HS 1498.17], designated here).

Schott and Endlicher published Erythropsis roxburghiana as a superfluous renaming of Sterculia colorata Roxb. Roxburgh’s name seems not to have been typified. There is a specimen in the Smith Herbarium that is labelled ‘Ind. Or. Roxburgh 1789’. It bears a ticket in Roxburgh’s hand, stating ‘Gentoo name karaka’. In the protologue, Roxburgh reported the species as ‘Caraka of the Telingas’, ‘Gentoo’ and ‘Telinga’ being historical terms used for Telugu. The specimen is early enough to be original material for Roxburgh’s name and is here designated as lectotype.

Flacourtia inermis Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 3: 16–17, t. 222 (1811). – Daphniphyllum roxburghii Baill., Étude Euphorb. 565 (1858), nom. illegit., superfl. – Type: India Orientalis, W. Roxburgh s.n. (lectotype BM [BM000624120], designated here).

Daphniphyllum roxburghii Baill. is an illegitimate new name for Flacourtia inermis Roxb. A specimen in BM is here selected as lectotype for Roxburgh’s name.

Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 226 (1823). – Garcinia roxburghii Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 1: 125 (1838), nom. illegit., superfl. – Type: W. Roxburgh s.n. (lectotype BR [ BR0000006915667 ], designated at the first step by Maheshwari, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 6: 131 [1965], and at the second step here).

Wight’s Garcinia roxburghii represents a superfluous renaming of Garcinia cowa Roxb.

ex Choisy. I take Choisy’s question mark in the synonym citation ‘ G. dioica ? Smith, Rees Cycl.’ as an expression of doubt, thus avoiding making his name superfluous. Maheshwari (1965) stated that the type of Garcinia cowa was a Roxburgh specimen in BR. There is Roxburgh material in the Prodromus Herbarium in Geneva that would be more plausible for lectotypification. Roxburgh specimens very rarely carry any more information than the name applied by Roxburgh, so it is almost impossible to confirm duplicate status of material. However, I do not think it is possible to reject Maheshwari’s choice. A second-step typification is required because there are several sheets in BR. This is made here.

Getonia floribunda Roxb., Pl. Coromandel 1: 61, t. 87 (1798). – Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Lam. ex Poir., Encycl. Suppl. 2: 41 (1811). – Type: [published illustration] ‘ Getonia floribunda’, Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel 1: t. 87 (1798) (lectotype designated by Turner, Webbia 75: 271 [2020]).

Calycopteris nutans var. roxburghii Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt 2, Nat. Hist. 46(2): 59 (1877). – Type: not traced.

Kurz’s var. roxburghii is a synonym of Getonia floribunda Roxb. I have not located any material to typify Kurz’s name.

Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 10: 181 (1841). – Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 890 (1753), nom. cons. – Conserved type: Greece, Kriti (Crete): Nomos Irakliou , Eparhia Kenourgiou , 500 m E. of Gangales , E side of road to Vali , 250 m, 13 iv 2003, Turland 1166 [Kyriakopoulos & Turland leg.] ( UPA) .

Pyrethrum indicum Roxb. ex Sims, Bot. Mag. 37: t. 1521 (1813). – Chrysanthemum roxburghii Desf., Tabl. École Bot. , ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.): 170 (1829). – Pinardia roxburghii (Desf.) Less. ex Fisch. et al. , Index Seminum [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 3: 44 (1837), nom. illegit., superfl. – Type: [unpublished illustration] Icones Roxburghianae 2090 (lectotype K, designated here).

Chrysanthemum roxburghii Desf. represents a new name in Chrysanthemum for Pyrethrum indicum Roxb. ex Sims , as C. indicum L. blocked a direct transfer. In validating Roxburgh’s name, Sims cited Roxburgh’s manuscript description and drawing. As the drawing is better than the plate published by Sims, I select the former as lectotype.

Glochidion obscurum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (12): 585 (1826). – Phyllanthus obscurus Roxb. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 581 (1805). – Bradleia pinnata Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 69 (1814), nom. illegit., superfl. – Glochidion roxburghianum Müll.Arg., Linnaea 32: 61 (1863), nom. illegit., superfl. – Type: W. Roxburgh s.n. (lectotype B-W [B -W 17971 -01 0], designated by Chakrabarty, Ann. Pl. Sci. 8(10): 3627 [2019]).

Glochidion roxburghianum Müll.Arg. is a superfluous renaming of Phyllanthus obscurus Roxb. ex Willd.