Eutrecha florezi Villareal-Blanco, Armas and Martinez , 2017

Botero-Trujillo, Ricardo, Martinez, Leonel, Iuri, Hernan Augusto, Ojanguren-Affilastro, Andres Alejandro & Carvalho, Leonardo Sousa, 2023, Revision of the genera Eutrecha and Xenotrecha (Solifugae: Ammotrechidae), taxonomic notes on Ammotrechinae, and description of a remarkable new Eutrecha from Colombia, Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81, pp. 317-344 : 317

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e95181
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BE57FF40-7147-40AC-8BEA-1706A95DA4ED
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA7369E0-A4B5-5382-BADF-9BFAEC5EC58A
treatment provided by	Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny by Pensoft
scientific name	Eutrecha florezi Villareal-Blanco, Armas and Martinez , 2017
status

Treatment

3.1.4. Eutrecha florezi Villareal-Blanco, Armas and Martinez, 2017 View in CoL

Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 2B View Figure 2 , 7 View Figure 7 , 8 View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9 , 10 View Figure 10

Eutrecha florezi Villareal-Blanco, Armas and Martínez, 2017: 140-143, figs 1-15.

Material examined.

Holotype. COLOMBIA • 1 ♂; Bolívar, San Jacinto, Vereda Palenquito ; 09°51′09.7″N 75°10′32.3″W; 324 m. GoogleMaps a.s.l.; 06 Sep 2016; L. Martínez leg.; ICN Aso 015. Paratypes. • 1 ♀ (subadult), 1 juvenile; Atlántico, Usiacurí, Reserva Campesina La Montana ; 10°46′0.2″N 75°02′34.0″W; 47 m. GoogleMaps a.s.l.; 22 Mar 2016; L. Martínez & E. Villareal leg.; ICN Aso 017; • 1 ♀, same data as preceding, except: 17 Oct 2015; L. Martínez & L. Quijano leg.; ICN Aso 016 GoogleMaps .

Revised diagnosis.

Eutrecha florezi features a series of morphological characteristics that make it readily recognizable from Eutrecha belenensis . Conversely, not many aspects make E. florezi different from E. longirostris , species from which a solid morphological distinction will require of further research (see E. longirostris ). Morphological characteristics of males of E. florezi by which this species differs from E. belenensis are: i) Cheliceral fixed finger with FSM, FM, and FD teeth extremely reduced (or undistinguishable) (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ). ii) Ventral margin of fixed finger asetose area (i.e., where vestiges of distal teeth are situated) markedly emarginate in lateral aspect (Figs 2B View Figure 2 , 8B View Figure 8 ). iii) Movable finger of male very robust (e.g., relative to the height of MP tooth) (Figs 2B View Figure 2 , 8D View Figure 8 ). iv) MM tooth much smaller than MP, similar to or slightly smaller than MSM (Figs 2B View Figure 2 , 8B, D View Figure 8 ). v) MM tooth displaced distally on finger, producing a diastema between MM and MSM (Figs 2B View Figure 2 , 8B View Figure 8 ). vi) Fixed and movable finger mucra short, each with length no more than twice height at its base (Figs 2B View Figure 2 , 8B, D View Figure 8 ). vii) Stridulatory apparatus consisting of two distinct sets of ridges, with ventral ridges subparallel to the manus ventral surface but dorsal ridges markedly oblique (Figs 7C View Figure 7 , 8C View Figure 8 ). viii) Flagellum dorsal and ventral margins subparallel, apex bifid (Fig. 8D View Figure 8 ). ix) Attachment point of the flagellum elliptical, horizontally elongate (Fig. 8D View Figure 8 ). x) Pedipalp tibia and basitarsus with ventral rows of about three to six spiniform setae each. xi) Basitarsi of walking legs II and III, each with two proventral and one retrolateral spiniform setae (in addition to others on retroventral and retrodorsal series). xii) Basitarsus of leg IV with one distal retroventral spiniform seta (in addition to others on proventral series). xiii) Opisthosoma of male, ctenidia arranged into two paramedian areas on 1st post-genital sternite (spiracular sternite I) (Fig. 7B View Figure 7 ).

Redescription of male.

Based on holotype and nontype male from Santuario de Flora y Fauna Los Colorados. - Measurements. Linear measurements in Table 1 View Table 1 . - Color. In 80% ethanol-preserved specimens. Prosomal dorsal shields and opisthosomal tergites with overall brown coloration (Fig. 7A View Figure 7 ), traversed medially by a narrow longitudinal yellow line that is most conspicuous on propeltidium and posterior opisthosomal segments. Propeltidium with a design of pale brown areas in a darker contour, one large that narrows anteriorly, and two small oval areas one on each side of the ocular tubercle, the latter of which is blackish; eyespots shiny white. Meso-, metapeltidium and opisthosomal tergites predominantly dark brown. Chelicerae, base color pale brown (same as pale propeltidial areas) (Fig. 8A, B View Figure 8 ), with three dark brown, narrow longitudinal stripes on prodorsal, dorsal, and retrolateral surfaces of manus, which fuse into a large brown retrolateral area on distal part of manus; stridulatory plate immaculately yellow (Figs 7C View Figure 7 , 8C View Figure 8 ). Asetose area of fixed and movable fingers red, with all teeth darkened (Fig. 8B, D View Figure 8 ); movable finger setose area with ventral, brown-spotted area. Coxosternal region, opisthosomal sternites (Fig. 7B View Figure 7 ), pleural membranes, trochanters of legs and pedipalps, basifemora and telofemora of legs II-IV, and femur of leg I immaculately yellowish white; malleoli white. Pedipalp femur, tibia, and basitarsus dark brown, with faint paler areas; telotarsus yellowish. Legs with patella, tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus yellowish to brown, with coloration pattern similar to that of pedipalps but notably paler. - Prosoma. Propeltidium longer than wide (Table 1 View Table 1 ); covered with small to medium-sized, spicule-like stout setae, straight and rigid (Fig. 7A View Figure 7 ); these setae fall off and break easily and, although some have shallowly bifid apex, others seem to be apically worn; at least the larger macrosetae exhibit a bilaterally symmetrical distribution on propeltidium. Ocular tubercle slightly elevated, with abundant macrosetae. Anterolateral propeltidial lobes separated from the propeltidium principal shield by incomplete lateral groove. Eyespots elongated. Meso- and metapeltidium wider than long, with abundant macrosetae similar to those on propeltidium. Coxae densely covered with abundant thin setae. Sternum glabrous. - Chelicera-dentition and processes. Fixed finger with median teeth series comprising well-developed FP tooth, whereas other primary teeth (FM and FD), as well as the FSM tooth, are extremely small, otherwise undistinguishable (Figs 2B View Figure 2 , 8B View Figure 8 ); FSD tooth absent; FM and FD, when visible, each importantly displaced distally in the finger relative to the contiguous, more proximal tooth (FSM and FM, respectively), such that a medial notch (MN) and a median apical diastema (FMAD) are present; retrofondal teeth series uninterrupted (i.e., without FRFD), with four teeth (RFSP, RFP, RFM, RFA) (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ); basal retrofondal margin heavily sclerotized; profondal teeth series consisting of four teeth (PFSP, PFP, PFSM, PFM). Fixed finger asetose area sinuous, with ventral margin notably curved in lateral aspect; prodorsal carina sharp, not elevated in lateral aspect, without angular dorsal crest; proventral carina weakly pronounced on the mucron area; fixed finger retrolateral carina (FRLC) obsolete, represented by few granules on the proximal region of the asetose area (Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ). Fixed finger mucron without subterminal (FST) teeth; apex (FT tooth) curved, hook shaped. Movable finger with median teeth series comprising well-developed MP and MM primary teeth, the former of which is notably larger, and one MSM secondary tooth that is similar in size to MM (i.e., MP> MM ≈ MSM) (Figs 2B View Figure 2 , 8B View Figure 8 ); movable finger MP and MSM teeth close to one another, MSM upright and triangular; MM displaced distally, producing a diastema between MM and MSM. Movable finger prolateral carina (MPLC) markedly developed, ending slightly basal to MP in a small but distinct prolateral (MPL) tooth, which is about half the size of MM and MSM teeth (Fig. 8D View Figure 8 ). Movable finger without subproximal (MSP) or subterminal (MST) teeth; movable finger retroventral longitudinal carina (MRVC) present on distal half, or third, of finger, forming a smooth elevated ridge (Figs 2B View Figure 2 , 8B View Figure 8 ); retrolateral longitudinal carina (MRLC) consisting of abundant conspicuous granules scattered on the retrolateral surface of finger. Movable finger mucron short, with gnathal edge carina ordinary (not convex). Closure of RFA tooth distal to MP, when fingers are closed. - Chelicera-setose areas and stridulatory plate. Retrolateral and dorsal surfaces with abundant retrolateral manus (rlm) and retrolateral finger (rlf) setae, of different sizes, which are predominantly straight and rigid (Figs 7A View Figure 7 , 8 View Figure 8 ); some of these setae are arranged in bilaterally symmetrical pattern, as are some principal retrolateral finger (principal rlf) setae that are more flexible than others; movable finger retrolateral proximal setal cluster (rlpc) dorsally with a single, long and markedly plumose seta. Prolateral surface with array of setal types (Fig. 8D View Figure 8 ), as follows: proventral distal (pvd) setae consisting of row of plumose setae, starting at level of the interdigital condyle (pic) and ending near level of RFA tooth; proventral subdistal (pvsd) setae arranged in rather disorganized pattern, pvsd comb not markedly differentiated; carpet-like field of bristle-like promedial (pm) setae narrow. Stridulatory plate longer than high, occupying most of the prolateral surface of manus (Fig. 8C View Figure 8 ); stridulatory apparatus consisting of two distinct sets of ridges: ventralmost set with 6 or 7 ridges approximately parallel to the manus ventral surface; dorsalmost set with 7-9 markedly oblique ridges (Figs 7C View Figure 7 , 8C View Figure 8 ). Distal limit of the prolateral setose area of movable finger reaching the level of MSM tooth; movable finger prodorsal (mpd) setal series consisting of plumose setae arranged in a rather staggered row, adjacent to abundant non-plumose setae of the movable finger promedial (mpm) and proventral (mpv) setal series. - Chelicera-flagellum. Of the composite type, without shaft. A thin, translucent, membranous structure immovably attached prodorsally to the fixed finger (Figs 8D View Figure 8 , 9D View Figure 9 ); flagellar base general aspect bowl-shaped, long and narrow, nearly reaching the apex of the finger on its distal end; dorsal and ventral margins subparallel; with moderately pronounced subangular lobe ventroproximally; apex bifid, with dorsal and ventral tips protruding like fringes and these bearing small spicules; apex with dorsal margin curved dorsally, projecting over the prodorsal carina in lateral aspect; attachment point elliptical, horizontally elongate, placed at level of the PFM tooth. - Pedipalp. All segments coated with abundant short setae; those on ventral surface of tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus stouter and more distinct than those on other surfaces. Proventral surface of femur with some spicule-like, somewhat spiniform macrosetae similar to those on propeltidium (Fig. 7A View Figure 7 ); tibia with proventral and retroventral rows of four spiniform setae each, which are short and stout; basitarsus with proventral and retroventral rows of three to six and four spiniform setae, respectively, similar to those on tibia; telotarsus without spiniform setae. Femur, tibia, basitarsus, and telotarsus with few long thin setae; clubbed setae apparently absent. Retroventral surface of femur proximally with a suture-like cleavage plane. Telotarsus with retrodorsal pore area on distal third. - Leg I. All segments coated with abundant short setae similar to those on pedipalps, without stout or spiniform setae; tibia and basitarsus with few long thin setae. Telotarsus with apical retrodorsal pore area similar to that of pedipalp; without claws or spiniform setae. - Walking legs. Covered with abundant short and a few long setae, like those on pedipalps and legs I. Legs II and III: basitarsus with five spiniform setae: two proventral (distal and subdistal), one retroventral (distal), one retrolateral (subdistal), and one retrodorsal (distal); telotarsus bi-segmented (consisting of large basal and small distal segments), with proventral row of four or five spiniform setae (along basal and distal segments) and a retroventral row of three (along basal segment only), in 2.2.2/1 or 2.2.2/1.1 pattern. Leg IV: basitarsus with row of three proventral and one distal retroventral spiniform setae, in 1.1.2 pattern; telotarsus 3-segmented (the two segmentation lines are complete), with proventral and retroventral rows of four spiniform setae each (along basal and median segments only), in 2.2.2/2/0 pattern. - Opisthosoma. Tergites with abundant setae similar to those on propeltidium; setation of the sternites comparable to that of coxae. Ctenidia present on 1st post-genital sternite (spiracular sternite I); ctenidia in the form of abundant, short “fleshy” setae, densely arranged into two paramedian round areas on the sternite (Fig. 7B View Figure 7 ); other sternites without ctenidia.

Supplementary description of female.

Based on paratypes and nontype female from Usiacurí. Measurements in Table 1 View Table 1 . Similar to the male in most aspects, but larger in size and more robust in appearance. Pedipalp tibia and basitarsus with proventral and retroventral rows of short and stout spiniform setae (exact number unknown as some setae have fallen off). Tegument setation similar to that of male; setae on dorsal surfaces of prosomal and opisthosomal shields, and on dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of the chelicerae, weaker and more flexible. Opisthosoma without ctenidia; genital plate posterior margin with deep median indentation. Chelicera without the secondary sexual characteristics of males (Fig. 9A-C View Figure 9 ). Stridulatory apparatus with all the ridges parallel to each other and to the manus ventral surface (Fig. 9B View Figure 9 ); ridges short, progressively occupying a more distal position the more dorsal they are. Fixed finger, lateral aspect with distinct and pronounced angular dorsal crest at level of the RFM tooth (Fig. 9A, B View Figure 9 ); retrolateral carina (FRLC) more evident than in male (Fig. 9C View Figure 9 ). Fixed finger without FSD tooth; mucron short and tooth-like (i.e., ventral margin sublinear), without subterminal teeth (FST); FP and FSM teeth slightly fused in their base, forming a subtle bicuspid. Movable finger with MP, MM, and MSM teeth, MP being largest and MSM smallest (Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ); MM tooth not displaced distally. Movable finger prolateral carina (MPLC) ending in prolateral (MPL) tooth. Retrolateral longitudinal carina (MRLC) consisting of abundant granules; gnathal edge carina and retroventral longitudinal carina (MRVC) evident; subproximal (MSP) and subterminal (MST) teeth absent. Closure of RFA tooth immediately distal to MP, and that of FM immediately distal to MM, when fingers are closed.

Distribution.

Eutrecha florezi is known from various localities in the departments of Atlántico and Bolívar, Colombia (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ).

Natural history.

Eutrecha florezi inhabits tropical dry forests (Fig. 10 View Figure 10 ). Females do not appear to be very active wanderers, having normally been found in small burrows inside of dry logs close to termite mounds. In contrast, males are active at night, especially in new moon, and have been observed actively wandering the vicinities of termite mounds. Our observations in the field also indicate that this species is attracted to UV light lamps. Most specimens of E. florezi have been collected after the rainy season, when food resources such as termites are abundant in tropical dry forest ecosystems.

Additional material examined.

COLOMBIA • 1 ♀; Atlántico, Usiacurí, Reserva Campesina La Montana ; 10°46′0.2″N 75°02′34.0″W; 47 m .a.s.l.; 12 Jun 2018; L. Martínez leg.; MPUJ ENT 61897 View Materials GoogleMaps ; • 1 ♂; Bolívar, Arjona, Conjunto Residencial Hacienda ; 10°15′10.9″N 75°20′39.8″W; 59 m. GoogleMaps a.s.l.; 02 Oct 2015; A. Segovia leg.; ICN Aso 019; • 1 ♂; San Jacinto, Vereda Palenquito, Reserva Campesina La Flecha ; 09°51′09.8″N 75°10′32.3″W; 324 m .a.s.l.; 18 Jul 2017; L. Martínez leg. MPUJ ENT 60963 View Materials GoogleMaps ; • 1 ♀ (subadult); same data as preceding; MPUJ ENT 61896 View Materials ; • 1 ♂; same data as preceding, except: 12 Oct 2019; MPUJ ENT 61895 View Materials ; • 1 ♂; Santuario de Flora y Fauna Los Colorados , Alto El Mirador; 09°54′N 75°07′W; 400 m. GoogleMaps a.s.l.; Malaise trap; 24 Oct - 9 Nov 2001; E. Deulufeut leg.; IAvH I 472; • 1 ♀, 1 juvenile; same locality; IAvH I 2828 GoogleMaps ; • 1 ♀; Turbaco, Jardin Botanico de Cartagena "Guillermo Piñeres”; 10°21′59″N 75°25′30″W; 130 m. GoogleMaps a.s.l.; 15 Oct 2015; W. Zapata leg.; ICN Aso 018.