Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852)

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Vermeij, Geerat J., 2024, The Dolicholatiridae and Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 5470 (1), pp. 1-92 : 20-23

Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852)

Figs 2D , 4C , 8A–E

* Fasciolaria valenciennesii — Grateloup 1845: pl. 23, fig. 4 [non Kiener, 1840].

[ Fusus ] Zahlbruckneri — Hauer 1837: 418 [nomen nudum].

[ Fusus ] Zahlbruckneri Partsch — Hörnes 1848: 19 [nomen nudum].

F [usus]. Zahlbruckneri Partsch — Eichwald 1851: 96 [nomen nudum].

* Fasciolaria ornata d’Orb. —d’Orbigny 1852: 71, no. 1284 [nom. nov. pro Fasciolaria valenciennesii Grateloup, 1845 , non Kiener, 1840].

Fusus Zahlbruckneri Partsch — Eichwald 1853: 178 [nomen nudum].

[ Fusus ] clavatus — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 70, fig. 9 [non Apertifusus clavatus ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

[ Fusus ] clavatus Brocc. — Naumann 1854: 1066 [non Apertifusus clavatus ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Fusus Valenciennesi Grat. —Hörnes 1853: 287, pl. 31, figs 13–15.

Fusus Valenciennesi Gratteloup — Neugeboren 1854: 187.

Fusus Valenciennesi Grat. sp.—Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 253.

Fusus Zahlbruckneri —Quenstedt 1884: 601, pl. 209, fig. 8.

Fusus Valenciennesi Grat. — Handmann 1888: 18, pl. 2, fig. 23.

Dolicholatirus? Valenciennesi (Grat.) — Sacco 1904: 26, pl. 7, figs 29–30.

Fusus valenciennesi Grat. — Boettger 1902: 36.

Fusus valenciennesi Grat. — Boettger 1906: 47.

Fusus Valenciennesi Grat. — Schaffer 1908: 108, pl. 2, fig. 8.

Fusus Valenciennesi Grat. — Schaffer 1912: 142, pl. 50, fig. 8 [non figs 6–7 = Eurolatirus ? sp.].

Fusus Valenciennesi Grat. — Friedberg 1912: 159 (partim), pl. 9, fig. 8.

Streptochetus? dispar Peyrot — Peyrot 1928: 65, no. 1026, pl. 6, figs 38–39.

Lathyrus (Lathyrus) valenciennesi (Grat.) — Sieber 1937: 139.

Dolicholathyrus Valenciennesi Grat. — Friedberg 1938: 139.

Lathyrus (Dolicolathyrus [sic]) dispar Peyrot — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 55, pl. 2, fig. 14.

Fusus valenciennesi Grateloup, 1840 — Moisescu 1955: 158 pl. 13, fig. 17.

Latirus (Dolicholatirus) valenciennesi Grat. — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl.96, figs 2–3. L [atirus]. (L [atirus].) valenciennesi (Grat.) — Sieber 1958: 151.

Fusus clavatus (Brocchi) — Erünal-Erentöz 1958: 71, pl. 11, fig. 10 [non Apertifusus clavatus ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Latirus (Dolicholatirus) dispar Peyrot 1928 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 188, pl. 46, figs 1a–b.

Latirus zahlbruckneri (Partsch) von Hauer, 1837 — Glibert 1963: 129.

Fusus (Streptochetus) valenciennesi Grateloup, 1840 — Strausz 1966: 347, pl. 27, figs 5–10.

Latirus crassus Sismonda, 1847 — Strausz, 1966: 348, pl. 27, fig. 11, pl. 28, figs 1–3 [non Polygona crassa ( Michelotti, 1847) ].

Latirus valenciennesi (Grateloup, 1840) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 208, pl. 48, figs 27–28.

Fusus (Fusus) longiroster Brocchi — Atanacković 1969: 76, pl. 14, fig. 1 [non Angustifusus longiroster ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Fusus (Streptochetus) valenciennesi Grateloup, 1840 — Nicorici 1972: 142, pl. 15, figs 9–10.

Lathyrus (Dolicholathyrus) dispar Cossmann et Peyrot — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 30: pl. 13, figs 4–5.

Fusus (Streptochetus) valenciennesi Grateloup, 1840 — Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973: 173, pl. 25, figs 24–17.

Latirus (Dolicholatirus) valenciennesi (Grateloup, 1840) — Atanacković 1985: 158, pl. 36, figs 1–2.

Fusus (Streptochetus) valenciennesi Grateloup — Krach 1981: 74, pl. 18, figs 1–2.

Latirus valenciennesi (Grateloup, 1840) — Bałuk 1995: 247, pl. 36, figs 1–2.

Latirus (Latirus) valenciennesi (Grateloup) — Schultz 1998: 68, pl. 27, fig. 4.

Latirus zahlbruckneri Glibert, 1963 — Snyder 1999: 7 [nomen nudum].

Streptochetus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Landau et al. 2013: 201, pl. 31, figs 7–9, pl. 67, fig. 9, pl. 80, fig. 1.

P [olygona]. zahlbruckneri ( Glibert, 1963) — Vermeij & Snyder 2018: 73.

Streptochetus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Kovács 2022: 77, figs 41–42.

Streptochetus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Kovács & Vicián 2023: 235, figs 6G–H.

non Fusus Valenciennesi Grat. — Schaffer 1912: 142, pl. 50, figs 6–7 [non Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852) ; = Eurolatirus ?

sp.]. non Latirus (Latirus) valenciennesi (Grateloup, 1840) — Steininger 1963: 55 [non Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852) ; =

Eurolatirus ? sp.].

non Latirus (Latirus) valenciennesi (Grateloup, 1840) — Steininger et al. 1971: 402, pl. 10, fig. 13 [non Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852) ; = Eurolatirus ? sp.].

non Latirus (Latirus) valenciennesi (Grateloup, 1840) — Steininger 1973: 427, pl. 7, fig. 4 [=?].

non Dolicholatirus Valenciennesi (Grat.) — Montanaro 1935: 60, pl. 4, fig. 14 [= Pseudofusus sp. ].

Type material. The type specimens from the Burdigalian of St-Paul-lès-Dax ( France) are lost ( Peyrot 1928) .

Illustrated material. NHMW 2023/0351/0004, SL: 91.6 mm, MD: 38.3 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), Figs 4C , 8A 1 –A 2 . NHMW 1853/0010/0024, SL: 87.6 mm, MD: 36.1 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 13), Figs 8B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023/0338/0016, SL: 52.2 mm, MD: 21.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 8C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 2023/0351/0005, SL: 86.0 mm, MD: 37.5 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), Figs 8D 1 –D 2 . NHMW 2023/0346/0004, SL: 88.8 mm, MD: 35.6 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), Figs 8E 1 –E 2 . NHMW 1846/0037/0257, SL: 17.6 mm, MD: 8.3 mm, Gainfarn ( Austria), Fig. 2D .

Additional material. NHMW 1851 /0006/0012, SL: 66.1 mm , MD: 25.5 mm, Bad-Vöslau ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 14) ; NHMW 1937 /0002/0290, Bad Vöslau , illustrated in Schaffer (1908: pl. 11, fig. 8) ; NHMW 1855 /0045/0109, SL: 32.4 mm , MD: 15.2 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig. 15); 4 spec. , NHMW 1868 /0001/0224, Grund ( Austria); 13 spec. , NHMW 1846 /0037/0256, Gainfarn , Steinebrunn and Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria); 56 spec. , NHMW 1846 /0037/0257, Gainfarn , Steinebrunn and Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria); 20 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0045/0460, Gainfarn and Steinebrunn ( Austria); 15 spec. , NHMW 1863 /0015/0478, Forchtenau ( Austria); 2 spec. , NHMW 1866 /0040/0199, Baden-Sooss ( Austria); 4 spec. , NHMW 1846 /0037/0256, Steinebrunn ( Austria); 2 spec. , NHMW A1430 , Enzesfeld ( Austria); 2 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0045/0108, Gainfarn ( Austria); 10 spec. , NHMW 1869 /0001/0039, Bad Vöslau ( Austria); 1 spec. , NHMW 1874 /0024/0040, Bad Vöslau ( Austria); 2 spec. , NHMW 1859 /0027/0143, Möllersdorf ( Austria); 2 spec. , NHMW 1868 /0001/0128, Marz ( Austria); 2 spec. , NHMW 1860 /0001/0234, Mikulov ( Czech Republic); 1 spec. , NHMW 1868 /0001/0105, Lysice ( Czech Republic); 2 spec. , NHMW 1865 /0015/0061, Lysice ( Czech Republic); 10 spec. , NHMW 1860 /0001/0233, Mikulov ( Czech Republic); 2 spec. , NHMW 1865 /0025/0020, Hidas ( Hungary); 5 spec. , NHMW 1857 /0046/0031, Szob ( Hungary); 8 spec. , NHMW 1870 /0033/0098, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 8 spec. , NHMW 1856 /0007/0037, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 12 spec. , NHMW 1854 /0035/0217, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 8 spec. , NHMW 1870 /0033/0094, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 5 spec. , NHMW 1862 /0001/0545, Buituri ( Romania) .

Revised description. Large, broad fusiform shell of up to ten teleoconch whorls; apical angle 38–40°. Protoconch paucispiral, high conical of 1.5 moderately convex whorls, diameter 800 μm, height 700 μm. Transition to teleoconch marked by onset of spiral sculpture consisting of three prominent spiral cords crossing broad, prominent axial ribs, separated by wider interspaces. Whorl profile of first two teleoconch whorls weakly convex. Later whorls strongly convex, with broad subsutural collar and shallow, weakly concave subsutural ramp. Sculpture of relatively broad, convex axial ribs separated by narrow interspaces, crossed by narrow elevated spiral cords of alternating strength. Axial ribs often weak on subsutural ramp. Subsutural collar typically with one or two spiral cords, imbricate in some specimens. Last whorl attaining ~60% of total height, strongly convex with weak shoulder. Axial ribs prominent along periphery, fading over base. Spiral sculpture strong throughout ontogeny. Growth lines may be prominent, interrupting spiral cords. Base strongly constricted, with prominent, relatively wide-spaced primary spiral cords, with one or two weaker secondary cords intercalated in interspaces. Fasciole prominent, strongly swollen, with strong growth lines, forming broad pseudoumbilicus. Aperture moderately wide, pyriform. Columellar callus forming broad rim, sharply delimited from base. Columella moderately excavated in upper half, bearing row of elongated denticles. Columella bent at transition to siphonal canal. Anal canal moderately incised, parietal denticle very weak; no anal denticle. Outer lip with crenulate edge, with numerous prominent lirae starting at edge of aperture, extending deep within aperture. Siphonal canal broad, long, narrow, straight or slightly deflected to the left, shallowly notched.

Discussion. Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852) is characterized by its strongly convex whorls, shallow subsutural ramp and very prominent and regular sculpture, and cannot be confused with any other Paratethyan fasciolariid. This species was named Fusus zahlbruckneri by Partsch on collection labels. Later Hauer (1837), Hörnes (1848) and Eichwald (1861, 1853) referred to this name but did not make it available. Hörnes (1853) treated Fusus zahlbruckneri as synonym of Fasciolaria valenciennesii Grateloup, 1845 , described from the Burdigalian Miocene of France. Quenstedt (1884) resurrected Fusus zahlbruckneri , provided a short diagnosis by comparing it with ‘ Fusus virgineus’ [= Euthria stuetzii ( Naumann, 1852) ] and provided a detailed illustration. The Paratethyan specimens are usually considered conspecific with the French species F. valenciennesii , which was based by Grateloup (1845) on specimens from the Burdigalian of St-Paul-lès-Dax ( France). Fasciolaria valenciennesii is preoccupied by Kiener (1840) for an extant species [ Granolaria valenciennesii ( Kiener, 1840) ]. Therefore, d’Orbigny (1852) introduced Fasciolaria ornata as new name for the French Miocene species. This name was overlooked by subsequent authors, until Landau et al. (2013) used it for Serravallian specimens from the Karaman Basin ( Turkey).

Peyrot (1928) discussed the problematic status of Fasciolaria valenciennesii sensu Grateloup (1845) because the type material was lost. Peyrot (1928) doubted that the various European occurrences identified as this species by Hörnes (1853), and Friedberg (1912) were conspecific with the French species, without deeper discussion. As Peyrot (1928) did not have Burdigalian specimens at hand, he described Streptochetus? dispar , from the Serravallian of Salles ( France) as new species. The illustration of Eurolatirus dispar in Peyrot (1928) shows a specimen that differs from Paratethyan specimens in its higher spire and slenderer fusiform outline. Similarly, the illustration of Fasciolaria valenciennesii in Grateloup (1845) is slenderer. Provisionally, we treat Paratethyan occurrences as conspecific with the French ones but note that more material from France will be needed to clarify this. In case the two are not conspecific, Eurolatirus zahlbruckneri (Quenstedt, 1884) would be available for the Paratethyan species.

Early Miocene specimens identified as this species by Schaffer (1912), Steininger et al. (1971) and Steininger (1973) are poorly preserved and cannot be identified. The fragments may belong to Eurolatirus but differ from Eurolatirus ornatus in the more numerous and weaker spiral cords. These specimens are documented from the Eggenburgian and Ottnangian (Early Miocene) of the North Alpine Foreland Basin [Eggenburg, Fels am Wagram ( Austria); Gernergraben, Kaltenbachgraben ( Germany)] ( Steininger 1973; Steininger et al. 1971).

Paleoenvironment. Coastal inner neritic, shallow marine. The frequent occurrence at Gainfarn and Steinebrunn suggests seagrass environments ( Zuschin et al. 2007; own data, M.H.).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1995); Polish-Ukrainian Fore Carpathian Basin: Węglinek, Szczepanowice ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1995); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Grund ( Austria), Rudice, Lysice ( Czech Republic) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Vienna Basin: Baden-Sooss, Möllersdorf, Niederleis ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Marz ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Devecser, Hidas, Letkés ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950; Strauss 1966; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Southern Pannonian Basin: Jazovac potok, Hrvaćani ( Bosnia and Herzegovina) ( Atanacković 1985); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Şimleu Basin: Tusa ( Romania) ( Nicorici 1972); Zârand Basin: MiniŞul de Sus ( Romania) ( Nicorici & Sagatovici 1973); Dacian Basin: Dobrusha ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960). Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus, Buituri ( Romania) ( Moisescu 1955; Kovács 2022).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Karaman Basin: Seyithasan, Akpýnar ( Turkey) ( Landau et al. 2013). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio, S. Agata ( Italy) ( Sacco 1904).

Northeastern Atlantic. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: St-Paul-lès-Dax ( France) ( Grateloup 1845); Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Salles ( France) ( Peyrot 1928).

Genus Neolatirus Bellardi, 1884

Type species. Fasciolaria recticauda Fuchs in Karrer , 1877; subsequent designation by Cossmann (1901: 45). Middle Miocene, Austria .

Original diagnosis. “ Fusiform shell: spire long, quite acute. Whorls hardly convex, hence suture superficial; last whorl at base very depressed, subequal to half of its length. First whorls longitudinally ribbed, middle and last whorls devoid of longitudinal ribs. Triplicated columella: long siphonal canal, both produced in the axis of the shell, then oblique to the right, subumbilicate.” ( Bellardi 1884: 40, translated from Latin).

Revised diagnosis. Neolatirus Bellardi, 1884 is characterized by the disappearance of axial sculpture early in ontogeny, by the presence of a parietal denticle, by having three columellar folds and by a strongly lyrate outer lip. Early teleoconch whorls have drop-shaped axial ribs, overrun by weak, close-set primary and secondary spiral cords.

Discussion. Snyder et al. (2012: 56) provided a diagnosis that was based only on the illustration in Fuchs in Karrer (1877) and therefore those authors erroneously described only two columellar folds. Neolatirus comprises so far only the type species. Fasciolaria bellardii Hörnes 1854 , which was placed in Neolatirus by Strausz (1960, 1966) and Kovács & Vicián (2023) which is rejected herein.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Measurements for shell morphology; AA: apical angle, SL: shell length, MD: maximum diameter, LWH: last whorl height, AH: aperture height, AL: aperture length, AW: aperture width, S: siphonal canal.

FIGURE 2. Protoconchs of Paratethyan Fasciolariidae. A. Dulaiania pleurotomoides (Hoernes & Auinger 1890), holotype, NHMW 1855/0043/0041. B. Aurantilaria tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1845), NHMW 1865/0001/0210, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). C. Polygona vindobonensis (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956), NHMW 2023/0350/0005, Bad Vöslau (Austria). D. Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852), NHMW 1846/0037/0257, Gainfarn (Austria). E. Tarantinaea hoernesii (Seguenza, 1875), NHMW 1853/0002/0052, Bad Vöslau (Austria). F. Snyderifusus prevosti (Hörnes, 1853), NHMW 1851/0006/0003, lectotype, Vienna/ Grinzing (Austria). G. Cryptoneolatirus bellardii (Hörnes, 1854), NHMW 1865/0001/0211, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). H. Neolatirus recticauda (Fuchs in Karrer, 1877), holotype, NHMW 1883/0002/4168, Rauchstallbrunn-Graben at Baden (Austria). I. Turrilatirus moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1866/0001/0860e, paralectotype, Niederleis (Austria). J. Angustifusus hoessii (Naumann,1852), NHMW2023/0350/0006, BadVöslau (Austria).K. Angustifususvindobonensis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 2023/0338/0020, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). L. Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides nov. sp., NHMW 1868/0001/0462, paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). M. Fraudifusinus crispoides (Kittl, 1887), NHMW 2023/0350/0013, Bad Vöslau (Austria). N. Pseudofusus rostratoides nov. sp., NHMW 1864/0001/0204, paratype, Gainfarn (Austria). O. Pseudofusus balteus nov. sp., NHMW 2023/0370/0001, holotype, Letkés (Hungary). P. Pseudofusus stahlschmidti nov. sp., NHMW 1846/0037/0264, holotype, Baden (Austria). Q. Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 2023/0338/0022, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). R. Takashius vinculum nov. sp., NHMW 2023/0348/0008, paratype, Steinebrunn (Austria). S. Takashius boettgeri (Kovács, 2022), NHMW 2023/0338/0023, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).

FIGURE 8. Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852). A1–A2. NHMW 2023/0351/0004, Enzesfeld (Austria). B1–B2. NHMW 1853/0010/0024, Enzesfeld (Austria). C1–C2. NHMW 2023/0338/0016, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). D1–D2. NHMW 2023/0351/0005, Enzesfeld (Austria). E1–E2. NHMW 2023/0346/0004, Gainfarn (Austria).

FIGURE4.Columellar featuresof ParatethyanFasciolariidae.A.Dulaianiapleurotomoides(Hoernes&Auinger1890),holotype, NHMW 1855/0043/0041. B. Polygona vindobonensis (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956), NHMW 1860/001/0245, Steinebrunn (Austria). C. Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852), NHMW 2023/0351/0004, Enzesfeld (Austria). D. Tarantinaea hoernesii (Seguenza, 1875), NHMW 1846/0037/0279, lectotype, Steinebrunn (Austria). E. Neolatirus recticauda (Fuchs in Karrer, 1877), holotype, NHMW 1883/0002/4168, Rauchstallbrunn-Graben at Baden (Austria). F. Cryptoneolatirus bellardii (Hörnes, 1854), NHMW 1865/0001/0211, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). G. Turrilatirus moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1866/0001/0860e, paralectotype, Niederleis (Austria). H. Angustifusus hoessii (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 2023/0367/0002, Baden-Sooss (Austria). I. Angustifusus vindobonensis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1846/0037/0262a. J. Fraudifusinus crispoides (Kittl, 1887), NHMW 2023/0350/0009, Bad Vöslau (Austria). K. Fraudifusinus crispoides (Kittl, 1887), NHMW 2023/0350/0010, Bad Vöslau (Austria). L. Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides nov. sp., NHMW 1870/0033/0102, paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). M. Fraudifusinus grundensis nov. sp., NHMW 1855/0045/0720b, holotype, Grund (Austria). N. Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 1846/0037/0264e, neotype, Möllersdorf (Austria). O. Takashius boettgeri (Kovács, 2022), NHMWA1426, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). P. Takashius vinculum nov. sp., NHMW 1868/0001/0083, paratype, Möllersdorf (Austria).